The interactive effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance: A narrative review

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 384 - 398

Published: Oct. 12, 2019

Acute moderate intensity exercise has been shown to improve cognitive performance. In contrast, hypoxia is believed impair The detrimental effects of on performance are primarily dependent the severity and duration exposure. this review, we describe how acute under alters performance, propose that combined mainly determined by interaction among duration, hypoxia, exposure hypoxia. We discuss physiological mechanism(s) suggest alterations in neurotransmitter function, cerebral blood flow, possibly metabolism primary candidates determine when with Furthermore, acclimatization appears counteract impaired during prolonged although precise responsible for amelioration remain be elucidated. This review implications sporting, occupational, recreational activities at terrestrial high altitude where essential. Further studies required understand mechanisms performed

Language: Английский

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Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 22, 2021

The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and attention in research recent years. field exercise-cognition also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number studies published the past decade. In perspective article, we aim prompt progress (i) discussing causes consequences variability, (ii) critically examining that have investigated variability neurocognitive outcome parameters acute physical exercises, (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. provided recommendations, which advocate rigorous study design, intended help researchers design allowing them draw robust conclusions. This, turn, is very likely foster development practical application findings.

Language: Английский

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Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(S1), P. 25 - 67

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

The ketone bodies acetoacetate (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) have pleiotropic effects in multiple organs including brain, heart, skeletal muscle by serving as an alternative substrate for energy provision, modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, catabolic processes, gene expression. Of particular relevance to athletes are the metabolic actions of alter utilisation through attenuating glucose peripheral tissues, anti-lipolytic on adipose tissue, attenuation proteolysis muscle. There has been long-standing interest development ingestible forms that recently resulted commercial availability exogenous supplements (EKS). These form salts esters, addition ketogenic compounds such 1,3-butanediol medium chain triglycerides, facilitate acute transient increase circulating AcAc βHB concentrations, which termed 'acute nutritional ketosis' or 'intermittent ketosis'. Some studies suggested beneficial EKS endurance performance, recovery, overreaching, although many failed observe benefits ketosis performance recovery. present review explores rationale historical EKS, mechanistic basis their proposed effects, both positive negative, evidence date exercise recovery outcomes before concluding with a discussion methodological considerations future directions this field.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive function during exercise under severe hypoxia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Aug. 24, 2017

Acute exercise has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function. In contrast, severe hypoxia can impair Hence, function during under may be determined by the balance between beneficial effects of and detrimental hypoxia. However, physiological factors that determine remain unclear. Here, we examined combined acute on identified The participants completed tasks at rest moderate either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Peripheral oxygen saturation, cerebral oxygenation, middle artery velocity were continuously monitored. Cerebral delivery was calculated as product estimated arterial content blood flow. On average, performance improved both normoxia hypoxia, without sacrificing accuracy. improvements attenuated for individuals exhibiting a greater decrease in peripheral saturation. Cognitive not associated with other parameters. Taken together, present results suggest desaturation attenuates

Language: Английский

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Effects on Cognitive Functioning of Acute, Subacute and Repeated Exposures to High Altitude

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 21, 2018

Objective: Neurocognitive functions are affected by high altitude, however the altitude effects of acclimatization and repeated exposures unclear. We investigated acute, subacute exposure to 5,050 m on cognition among altitude-naïve participants compared control subjects tested at low altitude. Methods: Twenty-one individuals (25.3 ± 3.8 years, 13 females) were exposed for 1 week (Cycle 1) re-exposed after a rest sea-level 2). Baseline (BL, 520 m), acute (Day 1, HA1) 6, HA6, m) measurements taken in both cycles. Seventeen (24.9 2.6 12 over similar period Calgary, Canada (1,103 m). The Reaction Time (RTI), Attention Switching Task (AST), Rapid Visual Processing (RVP) One Touch Stockings Cambridge (OTS) tasks administered outcomes expressed milliseconds/frequencies. Lake Louise Score (LLS) blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) recorded. Results: In cycles, no significant changes found with AST total score, mean latency SD. Significant upon solely group, improved Mean Latency [HA1 (588 92) vs. HA6 (526 91), p < 0.001] SD (189 86) (135 65), exposure, Cycle 1. No differences present group. When entering Acute SpO2 (HA1-BL), Acclimatization (HA6-BL) LLS score as covariates disappeared indicating that partially explained LLS. [ΔBL (-61.2 70.2) ΔHA6 (-28.0 58), = 0.005] (-28.4 41.2) (-0.2235 34.8), 0.007] across two cycles smaller acclimatization. However, percent did not differ between These results indicate independent exposures. Conclusions: Selective sustained attention impaired improves acclimatization.The observed associated, part, AMS SpO2. gains during first carried

Language: Английский

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Cognitive performance is associated with cerebral oxygenation and peripheral oxygen saturation, but not plasma catecholamines, during graded normobaric hypoxia

Experimental Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 104(9), P. 1384 - 1397

Published: June 13, 2019

What is the central question of this study? are mechanisms responsible for decline in cognitive performance following exposure to acute normobaric hypoxia? main findings and their importance? We found that (1) a complex executive task (n-back) was reduced at FIO2 0.12; (2) there strong correlation between n-back reductions SpO2 cerebral oxygenation; (3) plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol copeptin were not correlated with performance.It well established hypoxia impairs function; however, physiological these effects have received relatively little attention. This study examined graded fraction inspired oxygen ( ) on saturation ), oxygenation, cardiorespiratory variables, activity sympathoadrenal system (adrenaline, noradrenaline) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (cortisol, copeptin), performance. Twelve healthy males [mean (SD), age: 22 (4) years, height: 178 (5) cm, mass: 75 (9) kg, FEV1 /FVC ratio: 85 (5)%] completed four-task battery tests examine inhibition, selective attention (Eriksen flanker), function simple choice reaction time (Deary-Liewald). Tests before 60 min 0.2093, 0.17, 0.145 0.12. Following exposure, response accuracy significantly 0.12 compared baseline [82 vs. 93 (5)%; P < 0.001] all other conditions same point [ 0.2093: 92 (3)%; 0.17: 91 (6)%; 0.145: (10)%; 12: 82 (9)%; 0.05]. The tasks maintained. Δaccuracy Δreaction both Δ [r(9) = 0.66, 0.001 r(9) -0.36, 0.037, respectively] Δcerebral oxygenation [r(7) 0.55, r(7) -0.38, 0.045, respectively]. Plasma elevated any condition or These suggest peripheral increased axis, as previously speculated, decrease during hypoxia.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive function and mood at high altitude following acclimatization and use of supplemental oxygen and adaptive servoventilation sleep treatments

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. e0217089 - e0217089

Published: June 12, 2019

Impairments in cognitive function, mood, and sleep quality occur following ascent to high altitude. Low oxygen (hypoxia) poor are both linked impaired performance, but their independent contributions at altitude remain unknown. Adaptive servoventilation (ASV) improves by stabilizing breathing preventing central apneas without supplemental oxygen. We compared the efficacy of ASV treatments for improving daytime function mood high-altitude visitors (N = 18) during acclimatization 3,800 m. Each night, subjects were randomly provided with ASV, (SpO2 > 95%), or no treatment. morning completed a series tests questionnaires assess multiple aspects performance. found that (O2) improved feelings confusion (ASV: p < 0.01; O2: 0.05) fatigue 0.01) did not improve other measures performance However, on trail making (TMT) A B (p 0.001), balloon analog risk test 0.0001), psychomotor vigilance over course three days after controlling effects treatments. Compared sea level, reported higher levels performed worse TMT emotion recognition nights when they received treatment These results suggest increasing oxygenation (supplemental oxygen) can reduce confusion, hypoxia may play larger role impairments Furthermore, this study provides evidence some cognition (executive control, inhibition, sustained attention) acclimatization.

Language: Английский

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Does exercise have a protective effect on cognitive function under hypoxia? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 562 - 577

Published: April 20, 2020

This study aimed to examine (1) the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive function and (2) exercise cognition while under hypoxia.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia-induced lowered executive function depends on arterial oxygen desaturation

The Journal of Physiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(6), P. 847 - 853

Published: March 13, 2018

Although it has been traditionally thought that decreasing SpO2 with ascent to high altitudes not only induces acute mountain sickness but also can decrease executive function, the relationship between decreased levels and hypoxia-induced lowered function is still unclear. Here we aimed clarify whether was associated arterial oxygen desaturation, using 21 participants performing color–word Stroop task under normoxic three hypoxic conditions (FIO2 = 0.165, 0.135, 0.105; corresponding of 2000, 3500, 5000 m, respectively). interference significantly increased severe condition 0.105) compared other conditions. Moreover, there a negative correlation SpO2. In conclusion, exposure this effect We initially implicated an desaturation as potential physiological factor resulting in function.

Language: Английский

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CrossTalk opposing view: Barometric pressure, independent of , is not the forgotten parameter in altitude physiology and mountain medicine

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 598(5), P. 897 - 899

Published: Feb. 13, 2020

A debate about a possible specific effect of barometric pressure has been introduced, for various reasons, into the domains exercise and altitude physiology, as well sports training. Economic considerations may have promoted normobaric methods since conditions are less expensive to simulate than hypobaric ones, either natural or simulated, in chambers. Countries without mountains need train their athletes hypoxia cost travelling far from home. then arose because scientists challenged idea that two were equivalent. Medical aspects arise, especially context high altitude-related diseases (acute mountain sickness, pulmonary cerebral oedema). Is occurrence these more frequent conditions? return efficient treating inhaled oxygen? An initial Point/Counterpoint was published 2012 (Millet et al. 2012; Mounier Brugniaux, 2012); comprehensive review 2015 (Coppel 2015); meta-regression analysis 2017 (McMorris 2017). It is not my purpose here provide new all publications favour (e.g. Loepky 1997; Beidleman 2014) Richard 2014; Bourdillon 2017; Hauser Woods 2017) given . Since previous studies, no convincing mechanistic hypothesis put forward explain difference between hypoxia. Indeed, well-designed recent study, precisely controlling each condition, failed find any markers physiological stress (Woods Similarly, meta-analysis on cognition revealed The first important methodological point know what we talking about. Do same ambient (dry) air , inspired (, taking account water vapour pressure), (which real reaching cells). clear should be taken formula calculation equivalent altitude. Between several mechanisms interfere such work breathing depending density absolute alveolar O2 diffusion (Levine 1988). Several studies reviewed by Coppel (2015) reported number variables minute ventilation NO levels) different conditions, lending support notion true differences present. However, presence confounding factors time spent hypoxia, temperature humidity, limited statistical power due small sample sizes, temper conclusions can drawn. Some authors suggest reduced during exposure an 3500 m increases maximal extends exhaustion but affecting oxygen consumption arterial saturation (Ogawa 2019). Specific effects evoked renal function, catecholamine secretion, sleep, physical performance, erythropoiesis, many mitigate conclusions. Comparative often performed chambers vs. rooms tents DiPasquale 2016). These probably perceived with level subjects, which represents another factor. Let us come back basic physics order precise correspondence hypoxic conditions. Therefore, value using this model also Table 1 (column ‘model atmosphere’). appears that, function used, used normobaria significantly vary target simulated vice versa. whole dependent accuracy depend location experimental site, degree hygrometry official standard used. Very few mention exact calculate frequently even mentioned whether they took calculation. Moreover, uncertainty values apparatus delivering gas mixture leads great imprecision For example, looking at 1, it 0.5% could mimic 3000 13.85–14.38, conditions). Most do specify Heinzer Rupp use 13.6% 3450 m, too (Table 1) perfectly why found greater (Heinzer 2016; formal conclusion drawn most addressed question. difficult propose solid conclusion, assurance hypoxaemia really similar proper way evaluate actual role would equalize both Then if want potential influence respiratory (as compared circulatory metabolic ones), controlled What rationale processes, being maintained equal matters human body external internal pressure, equilibration pressures liquids occurs rapidly when exposed hypobaria, excluding course rapid decompression induce adverse (decompression sickness), case exposure. Only cavities containing dilate hypobaria so symptoms appear intestinal bloating, pain dental impermeable Eustechian tube blast closed bubbles lung emphysema. No expected liquid compartments: mean systemic blood remains 100 mmHg, you stay sea top Mount Everest, reference pressure. descent treatment oedema (Hackett Roach, 2004), control study ever proved (descent inducing rise alleviating individual, evacuated comfortable place). Psychological placebo cannot ruled out double blind field practically available. correct double-blind protocol (by reducing inside chamber). within highly improbable there sensor. only baroreceptors involved regulation influenced On contrary, responses driven chemoreceptors sensitive intracellular involving stabilization inducible factors, concentration, independently In much energy expended detect This effort now better ascertain equations. ultimate method adjust obtain measured As recommendation, I people doing (chambers altitude) give experiments, those who performing where experiments performed. Readers invited views accompanying CrossTalk articles issue submitting brief (250 word) comment. Comments submitted up 6 weeks after publication article, discussion will close submit ‘LastWord’. Please email your comment, including title declaration interest, [email protected]. moderated accepted comments online ‘supporting information’ original once closed. Jean-Paul Richalet dedicated his scientific career studying adaptation He led expeditions (Numbur, Nepal; Annapurna IV, Sajama, Bolivia). organized numerous Observatoire Vallot (4350 m) Mont-Blanc acclimatization extreme COMEX facilities (Operation Everest III). developed ‘Hypoxia Exercise test’ risk severe illnesses. note: publisher responsible content functionality supporting information supplied authors. Any queries (other missing content) directed corresponding author article. None declared. Sole author. None.

Language: Английский

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