Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise–Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 466 - 466

Published: Nov. 22, 2018

For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain optimally supplied with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting cerebral oxygenation hemodynamics can be modified physical activity. To better understand relationship between oxygenation/hemodynamics, activity, cognition, application of state-of-the art neuroimaging tools essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) such a tool especially suitable investigate effects activity/exercises on due its capability quantify changes in concentration oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) deoxygenated (deoxyHb) non-invasively human brain. However, currently there no clear standardized procedure regarding application, data processing, analysis fNIRS, large heterogeneity how fNIRS applied field exercise–cognition science. Therefore, this review aims summarize current methodological knowledge about studies measuring cortical hemodynamic responses during testing (i) prior after different activities interventions, (ii) cross-sectional accounting for fitness level their participants. Based methodology 35 as relevant considered publications, we outline recommendations future

Language: Английский

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Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 10, 2019

During the aging process, physical capabilities (e.g., muscular strength) and cognitive functions memory) gradually decrease. Regarding functions, substantial functional compensatory brain activity) structural changes shrinking of hippocampus) in cause this decline. Notably, growing evidence points towards a relationship between cognition measures strength muscle mass. Based on emerging evidence, resistance exercises and/or training, which contributes to preservation augmentation mass, may trigger beneficial neurobiological processes could be crucial for healthy that includes cognition. Compared with multitude studies have investigated influence endurance training performance structure, considerably less work has focused effects training. While available regarding exercise-induced is pooled, underlying processes, such as changes, yet summarized. Hence, purpose systematic review provide an overview are related functions.

Language: Английский

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The Acute Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Executive Function: A Meta-Analysis

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 734 - 764

Published: July 31, 2019

High-intensity exercise has recently emerged as a potent alternative to aerobic regimens, with ramifications for health and brain function. As part of this trend, single sessions intense have been proposed powerful, noninvasive means transiently enhancing cognition. However, findings in field remain mixed, thorough synthesis the evidence is lacking. Here, we synthesized literature meta-analysis acute effect high-intensity on executive We included total 1,177 participants 147 sizes across 28 studies found small facilitating ( d = 0.24) was significant only compared rest 0.34); it not when low-to-moderate intensity 0.07). This suggests that moderate affect function comparable manner. tested number moderators together explained proportion between-studies variance. Overall, our indicate cardiovascular might be viable eliciting cognitive gains. discuss potential line research, identify challenges limitations faces, propose applications individuals, society, policies.

Language: Английский

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Rapid stimulation of human dentate gyrus function with acute mild exercise

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(41), P. 10487 - 10492

Published: Sept. 24, 2018

Physical exercise has beneficial effects on neurocognitive function, including hippocampus-dependent episodic memory. Exercise intensity level can be assessed according to whether it induces a stress response; the most effective for improving hippocampal function remains unclear. Our prior work using special treadmill running model in animals shown that stress-free mild increases neuronal activity and promotes adult neurogenesis dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus, spatial memory performance. However, rapid modification, from exercise, exact mechanisms these changes, particular impact pattern separation acting DG CA3 regions, are yet elucidated. To this end, we adopted an acute-exercise design humans, coupled with high-resolution functional MRI techniques, capable resolving subfields. A single 10-min bout very light-intensity (30%[Formula: see text]) results enhancement increase connectivity between DG/CA3 cortical regions (i.e., parahippocampal, angular, fusiform gyri). Importantly, magnitude enhanced predicted extent improvement at individual subject level. These suggest brief, light rapidly enhances possibly by increasing DG/CA3-neocortical connectivity.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: Potential Mechanisms and Evidence-based Recommendations

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 841 - 841

Published: June 12, 2019

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex symptomatology, and core symptoms as well functional impairment often persist into adulthood. Recent investigations estimate the worldwide prevalence of ADHD in children adolescents to be ~7%, which substantial increase compared decade ago. Conventional treatment most includes pharmacotherapy central nervous stimulants, but number non-responders adverse effects call for alternatives. Exercise has been suggested safe low-cost adjunctive therapy reported accompanied by positive on several aspects cognitive functions general child population. Here we review existing evidence that exercise affects without present likely neurophysiological mechanisms action. We find well-described associations between physical activity ADHD, causal form small moderate beneficial following acute aerobic executive ADHD. Despite large heterogeneity, meta-analyses population-based control (PBC) children, our extracted effect sizes from long-term interventions suggest consistent Paucity studies probing different parameters impedes finite conclusions this regard. Large-scale clinical trials appropriately timed are needed. In summary, preliminary suggests can improve performance intimately linked presentations an diagnosis. Based findings both PBC cautiously provide recommendations exercise.

Language: Английский

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Bibliometric Review to Explore Emerging High-Intensity Interval Training in Health Promotion: A New Century Picture

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 23, 2021

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an emerging exercise strategy and considered to be a recipe for health promotion. This study aimed systematically identify collaboration networks, track research trends, highlight current hotspots, predict future frontiers in HIIT its applications promotion since the start of new century. Methods: Relevant original publications were obtained from Science Citation Index Expanded Web Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 2001 2020. CiteSpace VOSviewer software used perform bibliometric visualization comparative analysis involved indexes that included countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, keywords. Results: A total 572 papers included, trend annual showed remarkable growth. The United States University Exeter most productive country respectively, with 107 18 publications, respectively. European Journal Applied Physiology took lead number published articles, Medicine Sports Exercise ranked first cocitation counts. Barker AR Gibala MJ as highly-cited authors. Conclusions: “Health risks,” “adolescent,” “aging” are three noteworthy topics during evolution HIIT-health (HIIT-HP) research. hotspots practices domain lies “metabolic diseases,” “cardiovascular “neurological “musculoskeletal diseases.” authors summarize “prevention rehabilitation,” “micro molecular level,” “cognition mental health” becoming focus on related upcoming years, which worthy further exploration.

Language: Английский

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Acute Sprint Interval Exercise Increases Both Cognitive Functions and Peripheral Neurotrophic Factors in Humans: The Possible Involvement of Lactate

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 23, 2020

There is increasing attention to sprint interval exercise (SIE) training as a time-efficient regime. Recent studies, including our own (Kujach et al., 2018), have shown that acute high-intensity intermittent can improve cognitive function; however, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying effect still remain unknown. We thus examined effects of SIE on function by monitoring peripheral levels growth and neurotrophic factors well blood lactate (LA) potential mechanisms. Thirty-six young males participated in current study were divided into two groups: (n = 20; mean age: 21.0 ± 0.9 years) resting control (CTR) 16; 21.7 1.3 years). The session consisted 5 min warm-up six sets 30 s all-out cycling followed 4.5 rest cycling-ergometer. Blood samples evaluate changes serum concentrations brain-derived factor (BDNF), insulin-like factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial (VEGF), LA obtained at three time points: before, immediately after, 60 after each session. A Stroop task (ST) trail making test (TMT) parts B used assess functions. Acute shortened response times for both ST TMT B. Meanwhile, BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF significantly increased an bout compared those CTR. In SIE, correlated with VEGF. Furthermore, BDNF are found be correlated. results suggest could beneficial functions neuroprotective along concentration humans.

Language: Английский

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The acute exercise-cognition interaction: From the catecholamines hypothesis to an interoception model

International Journal of Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 75 - 88

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

British Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(21), P. 1295 - 1306

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

To examine the acute and chronic effects of reducing prolonged sedentary time (ST) with physical activity (PA) on cognitive brain health. Systematic review meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web Science, ProQuest Dissertation Theses. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to 17 June 2024, healthy participants without impairment or neurological conditions that affect functioning, aged ≥4 years, testing ST and/or by reallocating PA function, structure. We included 25 RCTs (n=1289) investigating (21 studies) (4 function (acute: n=20, chronic: n=4) n=7, n=1); there were no studies Acutely interrupting continuous either multiple a single bout improved measured 3 hours three consecutive days based 91 effect sizes (g=0.17, 95% CI: 0.05 0.29, p=0.005, I 2=45.5%). When comparing versus bouts, only bouts yielded positive 72 (g=0.20, 0.06 0.35, p=0.006; 2=48.8%). Chronic reported null findings (n=4), some evidence neural efficiency hippocampus (n=1). Interrupting acutely improves function. The remains inconclusive. PROSPERO CRD42020200998.

Language: Английский

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Neural basis for reduced executive performance with hypoxic exercise

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 75 - 83

Published: Jan. 2, 2018

Language: Английский

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