Physiology of Astroglia

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 98(1), P. 239 - 389

Published: Dec. 24, 2017

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense the central nervous system (CNS). highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude receptors, channels, membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity defines functional maintenance CNS development aging. tightly integrated into networks act within context tissue; astrocytes control at all levels organization from molecular to whole organ.

Language: Английский

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Diversity of astrocyte functions and phenotypes in neural circuits

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 942 - 952

Published: June 25, 2015

Language: Английский

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Cell Biology of Astrocyte-Synapse Interactions

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(3), P. 697 - 708

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the astrocyte intermediate filament system in diseases of the central nervous system

Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 32, P. 121 - 130

Published: Feb. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Glia as architects of central nervous system formation and function

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 362(6411), P. 181 - 185

Published: Oct. 11, 2018

Glia constitute roughly half of the cells central nervous system (CNS) but were long-considered to be static bystanders its formation and function. Here we provide an overview how diverse dynamic functions glial orchestrate essentially all aspects Radial glia, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes, microglia each influence development, from neuronal birth, migration, axon specification, growth through circuit assembly synaptogenesis. As neural circuits mature, distinct glia fulfill key roles in synaptic communication, plasticity, homeostasis, network-level activity monitoring alteration CNS structure Continued elucidation cell biology, interactions neurons will enrich our understanding formation, health,

Language: Английский

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Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis: Five Decades Later

Cell stem cell, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 385 - 395

Published: Oct. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Neural Circuit-Specialized Astrocytes: Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Morphological, and Functional Evidence

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 95(3), P. 531 - 549.e9

Published: July 14, 2017

Astrocytes are ubiquitous in the brain and widely held to be largely identical. However, this view has not been fully tested, possibility that astrocytes neural circuit specialized remains unexplored. Here, we used multiple integrated approaches, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), mass spectrometry, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, serial block-face-scanning electron microscopy, morphological reconstructions, pharmacogenetics, diffusible dye, calcium, glutamate imaging, directly compare adult striatal hippocampal under identical conditions. We found significant differences electrophysiological properties, Ca2+ signaling, morphology, astrocyte-synapse proximity between astrocytes. Unbiased evaluation of actively translated proteomic data confirmed astrocyte diversity circuits. thus report core reveal evidence for within circuits, provide new, database resources approaches explore function throughout brain.Video AbstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiI0OGY5MjVkMzgwOGU0NTkwZGMzNTRhMjQwZjZkMWM0OCIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjc3ODAzMzg0fQ.MwSBbMAp8Z94bVovEvEtEK9rSaCme1FWQaVStp6O8krax6PBRClksqtYhGWrI6xK8ct9tTpHJOavNya9agX01pfBV5Xv2_BxcAlr-eYdkIlnW6ddiNKQ9_7eEHZulgpmyVbQq2DLjKc1qNoV1ABBLI5qYU4yHQPnu-EI2_RASm5h1NErzRmbGIHeglc9V82L8hZBX8NyvUw74JxMPzvU4cgxuX5JBvnXBUOvw2oTkF0oPeBvpSchW6EKQzen4Skxhu-LXb5aAa3LkCMU3JhcCep28BCCVsKkV1kx3RuXhdJgkWD2ucI-70LBWqUvhtG-49ThFs0TB8dIBr74DrFLKA(mp4, (55.46 MB) Download video

Language: Английский

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Astrocytes: a central element in neurological diseases

Acta Neuropathologica, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 131(3), P. 323 - 345

Published: Dec. 15, 2015

Language: Английский

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Brain Glucose Metabolism: Integration of Energetics with Function

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 99(1), P. 949 - 1045

Published: Dec. 19, 2018

Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions, including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, structural components. Neuronal glucose oxidation exceeds in astrocytes, but both rates increase direct proportion to excitatory neurotransmission; signaling metabolism are closely coupled at local level. Exact details neuron-astrocyte glutamate-glutamine cycling remain be established, specific roles lactate cellular energetics these processes debated. Glycolysis preferentially upregulated during activation even though oxygen availability sufficient (aerobic glycolysis). Three major pathways, glycolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, glycogen turnover, contribute utilization excess oxygen, adrenergic regulation aerobic glycolysis draws attention astrocytic metabolism, particularly which has a high impact on oxygen-carbohydrate mismatch. Aerobic proposed predominant young children regions, re-evaluation data necessary. Shuttling glucose- glycogen-derived from astrocytes neurons activation, neurotransmission, memory consolidation controversial topics alternative mechanisms proposed. Nutritional therapy vagus nerve stimulation translational bridges clinical treatment diverse disorders.

Language: Английский

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Astrocyte function from information processing to cognition and cognitive impairment

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 154 - 166

Published: Jan. 21, 2019

Language: Английский

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