Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
20(13), P. 3099 - 3112
Published: Sept. 1, 2017
Pupil
size
is
collectively
controlled
by
the
sympathetic
dilator
and
parasympathetic
sphincter
muscles.
Locus
coeruleus
(LC)
activation
has
been
shown
to
evoke
pupil
dilation,
but
how
pathways
contribute
this
dilation
remains
unknown.
We
examined
elicited
LC
in
lightly
anesthetized
rats.
Unilateral
evoked
bilateral
lateralized
dilation;
i.e.,
ipsilateral
was
significantly
larger
than
contralateral
dilation.
Surgically
blocking
ipsilateral,
not
contralateral,
pathway
reduced
lateralization,
suggesting
that
lateralization
mainly
due
contribution.
Moreover,
we
found
sympathetic,
parasympathetic,
contribution
correlated
with
frequency.
Together,
our
results
unveil
frequency-dependent
contributions
of
activation-evoked
suggest
task-evoked
dilations
may
be
used
as
a
biomarker
for
autonomic
tone.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
43(1), P. 391 - 415
Published: April 6, 2020
Neural
activity
and
behavior
are
both
notoriously
variable,
with
responses
differing
widely
between
repeated
presentation
of
identical
stimuli
or
trials.
Recent
results
in
humans
animals
reveal
that
these
variations
not
random
their
nature,
but
may
fact
be
due
large
part
to
rapid
shifts
neural,
cognitive,
behavioral
states.
Here
we
review
recent
advances
the
understanding
waking
state,
how
generated,
they
modulate
neural
mice
humans.
We
propose
brain
has
an
identifiable
set
states
through
which
it
wanders
continuously
a
nonrandom
fashion,
owing
ascending
modulatory
fast-acting
corticocortical
subcortical-cortical
pathways.
These
state
provide
backdrop
upon
operates,
them
is
critical
making
progress
revealing
mechanisms
underlying
cognition
behavior.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
18(7), P. 1817 - 1830
Published: Feb. 1, 2017
Basal
forebrain
cholinergic
neurons
influence
cortical
state,
plasticity,
learning,
and
attention.
They
collectively
innervate
the
entire
cerebral
cortex,
differentially
controlling
acetylcholine
efflux
across
different
areas
timescales.
Such
control
might
be
achieved
by
differential
inputs
driving
separable
outputs,
although
no
input-output
relationship
on
a
brain-wide
level
has
ever
been
demonstrated.
Here,
we
identify
input
to
cells
projecting
specific
regions
infecting
axon
terminals
with
monosynaptically
restricted
viral
tracer.
This
approach
revealed
several
circuit
motifs,
such
as
central
amygdala
synapsing
onto
basolateral
amygdala-projecting
or
strong
somatosensory
motor
cortex-projecting
neurons.
The
presence
of
in
parasympathetic
midbrain
nuclei
contacting
frontally
suggest
that
network
regulating
inner
eye
muscles
are
additionally
state
via
efflux.
dataset
enables
future
circuit-level
experiments
drivers
known
functions.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Dec. 3, 2018
Arousal
level
changes
constantly
and
it
has
a
profound
influence
on
performance
during
everyday
activities.
Fluctuations
in
arousal
are
regulated
by
the
autonomic
nervous
system,
which
is
mainly
controlled
balanced
activity
of
parasympathetic
sympathetic
systems,
commonly
indexed
heart
rate
(HR)
galvanic
skin
response
(GSR),
respectively.
Although
growing
number
studies
have
used
pupil
size
to
indicate
arousal,
research
that
directly
examines
relationship
between
HR
or
GSR
limited.
The
goal
this
study
was
understand
how
modulated
arousal.
Human
participants
fixated
various
emotional
face
stimuli,
low-level
visual
properties
were
carefully
controlled,
while
their
size,
HR,
GSR,
eye
position
recorded
simultaneously.
We
hypothesized
positive
correlation
would
be
observed
both
before
after
presentation.
Trial-by-trial
correlations
diameter
found
presentation,
with
larger
trials
higher
GSR.
However,
task-evoked
responses
presentation
only
correlated
HR.
Overall,
these
results
demonstrated
trial-by-trial
suggesting
can
as
an
index
for
involuntarily
system.
