Using Neuroscience to Help Understand Fear and Anxiety: A Two-System Framework

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 173(11), P. 1083 - 1093

Published: Sept. 9, 2016

Tremendous progress has been made in basic neuroscience recent decades. One area that especially successful is research on how the brain detects and responds to threats. Such studies have demonstrated comparable patterns of brain-behavior relationships underlying threat processing across a range mammalian species, including humans. This would seem be an ideal body information for advancing our understanding disorders which altered key factor, namely, fear anxiety disorders. But not led significant improvements clinical practice. The authors propose order take advantage this gain, conceptual reframing needed. Key change recognition distinction between circuits two classes responses elicited by threats: 1) behavioral accompanying physiological changes 2) conscious feeling states reflected self-reports anxiety. leads “two systems” view argue failure recognize consistently emphasize impeded hindered attempts develop more effective pharmaceutical psychological treatments. two-system suggests new way forward.

Language: Английский

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Don’t fear ‘fear conditioning’: Methodological considerations for the design and analysis of studies on human fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 247 - 285

Published: March 3, 2017

The so-called 'replicability crisis' has sparked methodological discussions in many areas of science general, and psychology particular. This led to recent endeavours promote the transparency, rigour, ultimately, replicability research. Originating from this zeitgeist, challenge discuss critical issues on terminology, design, methods, analysis considerations fear conditioning research is taken up by work, which involved representatives fourteen major human laboratories Europe. compendium intended provide a basis for development common procedural terminology framework field conditioning. Whenever possible, we give general recommendations. When not feasible, evidence-based guidance decisions study outcome measures, analyses. Importantly, work also raise awareness initiate crucial questions with respect data collection, processing, statistical analyses, impact subtle changes, reporting specifically tailored

Language: Английский

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Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a multi-level framework

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1545 - 1557

Published: Sept. 14, 2017

The ability to adaptively regulate emotion is essential for mental and physical well-being. How should we organize the myriad ways people attempt their emotions? We explore utility of a framework that distinguishes among four fundamental classes regulation strategies. describes each strategy class in terms behavioral characteristics, underlying psychological processes supporting neural systems. A key feature this multi-level its conceptualization two orthogonal dimensions describe (i) nature goal (ranging from implicit explicit) (ii) change process more automatic controlled). After describing core elements framework, use it review human animal research on bases suggest directions future regulation.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of pavlovian and instrumental extinction learning

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(2), P. 611 - 681

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, phenomenon in which a behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning decreases strength when outcome reinforced it is removed. Behavioral research indicates neither nor operant extinction depends substantially on erasure original but instead new inhibitory primarily expressed context learned, as exemplified by renewal effect. Although nature inhibition may differ and either case decline responding depend both generalization decrement correction prediction error. At neural level, requires tripartite circuit involving amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus. Synaptic plasticity amygdala essential for learning, cortical neurons encoding fear memories involved retrieval. Hippocampal-prefrontal circuits mediate relapse phenomena, including renewal. Instrumental involves distinct ensembles corticostriatal, striatopallidal, striatohypothalamic well their thalamic returns (extinction) excitatory (renewal other phenomena) control over responding. The field made significant progress recent decades, although fully integrated biobehavioral understanding still awaits.

Language: Английский

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The Biology of Forgetting—A Perspective

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 95(3), P. 490 - 503

Published: Aug. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Fear extinction in the human brain: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies in healthy participants

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 16 - 25

Published: March 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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The neural and computational systems of social learning

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 197 - 212

Published: March 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Distinct Dopamine Receptor Pathways Underlie the Temporal Sensitivity of Associative Learning

Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 178(1), P. 60 - 75.e19

Published: June 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Rethinking avoidance: Toward a balanced approach to avoidance in treating anxiety disorders

Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 14 - 21

Published: March 9, 2018

Language: Английский

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Post‐traumatic growth as positive personality change: Challenges, opportunities, and recommendations

Journal of Personality, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 145 - 165

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Abstract Objective Post‐traumatic growth typically refers to enduring positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, trauma, or highly challenging life circumstances. Critics have challenged insights from much the prior research on this topic, pinpointing its significant methodological limitations. In response these critiques, we propose that post‐traumatic can be more accurately captured in terms personality change—an approach affords rigorous examination phenomenon. Method We outline set conceptual and questions considerations for future work topic growth. Results provide series recommendations researchers across disciplines clinical/counseling, developmental, health, personality, social psychology beyond, who are interested improving quality examining resilience context adversity. Conclusion hopeful will pave way accurate understanding ubiquity, durability, causal processes underlying

Language: Английский

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