Emotions and individual differences shape foraging under threat DOI Open Access
Hailey A. Trier, Jill X. O’Reilly, Lisa Spiering

et al.

Published: May 4, 2023

A common behaviour in natural environments is foraging for rewards. However, this often the presence of predators. Therefore, one most fundamental decisions humans, as other animals, how to apportion time between reward-motivated pursuit and threat-motivated checking behaviour. To understand what affects people strike balance, we developed a novel ecologically inspired task looked at both within-participant dynamics (moods) between-participant individual differences (questionnaires about real-life behaviours) two large internet samples (n=374 n=702) cross-sectional design. For dynamics, found that regulate task-evoked stress homeostatically by changing (increasing hiding). Individual differences, even superficially related traits (apathy-anhedonia anxiety-compulsive checking) reliably mapped onto unique behaviours. Worse performance, due maladaptive checking, was linked gender (women checked excessively) specific anxiety-related traits: somatic anxiety (reduced self-reported worry) compulsivity (self-reported disorganized checking). While anhedonia decreased engagement, apathy, strikingly, improved overall performance reducing excessive checking. In summary, provide multifaceted paradigm assessment threat naturalistic which sensitive moods they change throughout clinical dimensions. Thus, it could serve an objective measurement tool future studies interested threat, vigilance or behaviour-emotion interactions contexts requiring reward-seeking threat-avoidance.

Language: Английский

The Neuropsychology of Anxiety DOI
Neil McNaughton,

Jeffrey A. Gray

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the volume Oxford Psychology Series, and it quickly established itself classic work on subject. It second edition (appearing 2000) have been cited at a steadily increasing rate passing 500/year 2017. field has continued to expand last quarter century necessitating this third edition. This completely updated revised (with many figures converted colour) retains original core concepts while expanding often simplifying details. includes new chapter prefrontal cortex, which integrates frontal hippocampal views anxiety an extensively modified personality providing basis for further developments Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. book is essential postgraduate students researchers experimental psychology neuroscience, well all clinical psychologists psychiatrists.

Language: Английский

Citations

74
Social circuits and their dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder DOI Creative Commons
Masaaki Sato, Nobuhiro Nakai,

Shuhei Fujima

et al.

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 3194 - 3206

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Social behaviors, how individuals act cooperatively and competitively with conspecifics, are widely seen across species. Rodents display various social many different behavioral paradigms have been used for investigating their neural circuit bases. behavior is highly vulnerable to brain network dysfunction caused by neurological neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Studying mouse models of ASD provides a promising avenue toward elucidating mechanisms abnormal potential therapeutic targets treatment. In this review, we outline recent progress key findings on underlying behavior, particular emphasis rodent studies that monitor manipulate the activity specific circuits using modern systems neuroscience approaches. mediated distributed brain-wide among major cortical (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, insular (IC)) subcortical nucleus accumbens, basolateral amygdala (BLA), ventral tegmental area) structures, influenced multiple neuromodulatory oxytocin, dopamine, serotonin). We particularly draw special attention IC unique area mediates multisensory integration, encoding ongoing interaction, decision-making, emotion, empathy. Additionally, synthesis demonstrates dysfunctions in mPFC-BLA circuitry neuromodulation prominent. Pharmacological rescues local or systemic oral) administration drugs provided valuable clues developing new agents ASD. Future efforts technological advances will push forward next frontiers field, elucidation inter-brain dynamics during real virtual interactions, establishment circuit-based therapy affecting functions.

Language: Английский

Citations

60
A neuroanatomical and cognitive model of impaired social behaviour in frontotemporal dementia DOI Creative Commons
Matthew A Rouse, Richard J. Binney, Karalyn Patterson

et al.

Brain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 147(6), P. 1953 - 1966

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract Impaired social cognition is a core deficit in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It most commonly associated with the behavioural-variant of FTD, atrophy orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Social cognitive changes are also common semantic dementia, centred on anterior temporal lobes. The impairment behaviour FTD has typically been attributed to damage cortex and/or poles uncinate fasciculus that connects them. However, relative contributions each region unresolved. In this review, we present unified neurocognitive model controlled not only explains observed behaviours but assimilates both consistent potentially contradictory findings from other patient groups, comparative neurology normative neuroscience. We propose impaired results two cognitively- anatomically-distinct components. first component social-semantic knowledge, part general semantic-conceptual system supported by lobes bilaterally. second control, cortex, medial frontal ventrolateral which interacts knowledge guide shape behaviour.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Schemas, reinforcement learning and the medial prefrontal cortex DOI
Oded Bein, Yael Niv

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Basis functions for complex social decisions in dorsomedial frontal cortex DOI Creative Commons
Marco K. Wittmann, Yongling Lin, Deng Pan

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

Abstract Navigating social environments is a fundamental challenge for the brain. It has been established that brain solves this problem, in part, by representing information an agent-centric manner; knowledge about others’ abilities or attitudes tagged to individuals such as ‘oneself’ ‘other’ 1–6 . This intuitive approach informed understanding of key nodes parts brain, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and anterior cingulate (ACC) 7–9 However, patterns combinations which might interact with one another important identities individuals. Here, four studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging, behavioural experiments group decision-making task, we show dmPFC ACC represent combinatorial possibilities interaction afforded given situation, they do so compressed format resembling basis functions used spatial, visual motor domains 10–12 The align types, opposed individual identities. Our results indicate there are deep analogies between abstract neural coding schemes domain construction our sense identity.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Relationship between nuclei-specific amygdala connectivity and mental health dimensions in humans DOI
Miriam C. Klein-Flügge, Daria E. A. Jensen, Yu Takagi

et al.

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. 1705 - 1722

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Debates on the dorsomedial prefrontal/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: insights for future research DOI Creative Commons
Nicolas Clairis, Alizée Lopez‐Persem

Brain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 146(12), P. 4826 - 4844

Published: Aug. 2, 2023

Abstract The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dmPFC/dACC) is a brain area subject to many theories and debates over its function(s). Even precise anatomical borders are much controversy. In the past decades, dmPFC/dACC has been associated with more than 15 different cognitive processes, which sometimes appear quite unrelated (e.g. body perception, conflict). As result, understanding what does become real challenge for neuroscientists. Several of this area's function(s) have developed, leading successive competitive publications bearing models, contradict each other. During last two lively scientific exchanges around promoted fruitful research in neuroscience. review, we provide an overview anatomy dmPFC/dACC, summarize state art functions that present main aiming at explaining We explore commonalities arguments between theories. Finally, explain can be learned from these future investigations other regions' functions.

Language: Английский

Citations

39
The prefrontal cortex: from monkey to man DOI Creative Commons

Richard Lévy

Brain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147(3), P. 794 - 815

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Abstract The prefrontal cortex is so important to human beings that, if deprived of it, our behaviour reduced action-reactions and automatisms, with no ability make deliberate decisions. Why does the hold such importance in humans? In answer, this review draws on proximity between humans other primates, which enables us, through comparative anatomical-functional analysis, understand cognitive functions we have common specify those that distinguish from their closest cousins. First, a focus lateral region illustrates existence continuum rhesus monkeys (the most studied primates neuroscience) for major brain plays central role. This involves presence elementary mental operations monkey (e.g. working memory or response inhibition) are constitutive ‘macro-functions’ as planning, problem-solving even language production. Second, has developed dramatically compared primates. increase seems concern anterior part frontopolar cortex). humans, development associated three interrelated changes: (i) greater capacity, allowing integration past experiences prospective futures; (ii) capacity link discontinuous distant data, whether temporal semantic; (iii) abstraction, classify knowledge different ways, engage analogical reasoning acquire abstract values give rise beliefs morals. Together, these new skills enable among things, develop highly sophisticated social interactions based language, enabling us conceive moral judgements conceptualize, create extend vision environment beyond what can physically grasp. Finally, model transition non-human concludes review.

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Causal effects of COVID-19 on structural changes in specific brain regions: a Mendelian randomization study DOI Creative Commons
Shaojiong Zhou, Tao Wei,

Xiaoduo Liu

et al.

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 19, 2023

Abstract Background Previous studies have found a correlation between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and changes in brain structure cognitive function, but it remains unclear whether COVID-19 causes structural which specific regions are affected. Herein, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate this causal relationship identify vulnerable COVID-19. Methods Genome-wide association (GWAS) data for phenotypes (28,900 cases 3,251,161 controls) were selected as exposures, GWAS traits (cortical thickness surface area from 51,665 participants volume of subcortical structures 30,717 participants) outcomes. Inverse-variance weighted method was used the main estimate method. The median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO global test, Cochran’s Q statistic detect heterogeneity pleiotropy. Results genetically predicted infection phenotype nominally associated with reduced cortical caudal middle frontal gyrus ( β = − 0.0044, p 0.0412). hospitalized lateral orbitofrontal 0.0049, 0.0328) rostral 0.0022, 0.0032) well temporal 10.8855, 0.0266). These relationships also identified severe phenotype. Additionally, cuneus 0.0024, 0.0168); pericalcarine 2.6628, 0.0492), superior parietal 5.6310, 0.0408), parahippocampal 0.1473, 0.0297); hippocampus 15.9130, 0.0024). Conclusions Our indicates suggestively significant genetic predisposition atrophy functional human brain. Patients impairment should be actively managed alleviate neurocognitive symptoms minimize long-term effects.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Educational disparities in brain health and dementia across Latin America and the United States DOI Creative Commons
Raúl González-Gómez,

Agustina Legaz,

Sebastián Moguilner

et al.

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 5912 - 5925

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract BACKGROUND Education influences brain health and dementia. However, its impact across regions, specifically Latin America (LA) the United States (US), is unknown. METHODS A total of 1412 participants comprising controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) from LA US were included. We studied association education volume functional connectivity while controlling for imaging quality variability, age, sex, intracranial (TIV), recording type. RESULTS influenced measures, explaining 24%–98% geographical differences. The educational disparities between associated gray matter variations, especially in AD patients. emerged as a critical factor classifying aging dementia regions. DISCUSSION results underscore on structure function LA, highlighting importance incorporating factors into diagnosing, care, prevention, emphasizing need global diversity research. Highlights Lower was linked to reduced healthy controls (HCs), (FTLD). American cohorts have lower levels compared those States. Educational majorly drive differences significant both conditions, but more than FTLD. stands

Language: Английский

Citations

15