Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala

Brain Structure and Function, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 228(5), P. 1201 - 1257

Published: May 13, 2023

The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion motivation, but the relationship between these functions performed by brain structures is not clear. To address this, a unified theory of motivation described which motivational states instrumental goal-directed actions to obtain rewards or avoid punishers, emotional that elicited when reward punisher received. This greatly simplifies our understanding for same set genes associated systems can define primary unlearned punishers such as sweet taste pain. Recent evidence on connectivity human indicates value experienced with outputs cortical regions including those language, key region depression changes motivation. has weak effective back humans, implicated brainstem-mediated responses stimuli freezing autonomic activity, rather than declarative emotion. anterior cingulate learning rewards, ventromedial prefrontal providing goals navigation reward-related effects memory consolidation mediated partly via cholinergic system.

Language: Английский

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Basis functions for complex social decisions in dorsomedial frontal cortex

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

Abstract Navigating social environments is a fundamental challenge for the brain. It has been established that brain solves this problem, in part, by representing information an agent-centric manner; knowledge about others’ abilities or attitudes tagged to individuals such as ‘oneself’ ‘other’ 1–6 . This intuitive approach informed understanding of key nodes parts brain, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and anterior cingulate (ACC) 7–9 However, patterns combinations which might interact with one another important identities individuals. Here, four studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging, behavioural experiments group decision-making task, we show dmPFC ACC represent combinatorial possibilities interaction afforded given situation, they do so compressed format resembling basis functions used spatial, visual motor domains 10–12 The align types, opposed individual identities. Our results indicate there are deep analogies between abstract neural coding schemes domain construction our sense identity.

Language: Английский

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The emotion paradox in the aging body and brain

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1536(1), P. 13 - 41

Published: April 27, 2024

Abstract With age, parasympathetic activity decreases, while sympathetic increases. Thus, the typical older adult has low heart rate variability (HRV) and high noradrenaline levels. Younger adults with this physiological profile tend to be unhappy stressed. Yet, emotional experience tends improve. Why does adults’ well‐being not suffer as their HRV decreases? To address apparent paradox, I present autonomic compensation model. In model, failing organs, initial phases of Alzheimer's pathology, other age‐related diseases trigger noradrenergic hyperactivity. compensate, brains increase regulatory in pregenual prefrontal cortex (PFC). Age‐related declines nerve conduction reduce ability PFC hyperactive peripheral HRV. But these efforts have a significant impact brain, where they bias processing favor stimuli that (e.g., feelings safety) against threatening stimuli). summary, model posits chronic sympathetic/noradrenergic hyperactivity stimulates attempts side effect enhancing well‐being.

Language: Английский

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The neural basis of resting-state fMRI functional connectivity in fronto-limbic circuits revealed by chemogenetic manipulation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract Measures of fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) are an essential tool for basic and clinical investigations fronto-limbic circuits. Understanding the relationship between rs-FC underlying patterns neural activity in these circuits is therefore vital. Here we introduced inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by drugs (DREADDs) into amygdala two male macaques. We evaluated causal effect activating DREADD on within connecting frontal cortex. Activating increased ventrolateral prefrontal Neurophysiological recordings revealed that DREADD-induced increase was associated with local field potential coherency alpha band (6.5–14.5 Hz) Thus, our multi-modal approach reveals specific signature neuronal underlies

Language: Английский

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The amygdala and the pursuit of future rewards

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

The successful pursuit of future rewards requires forming an internal goal, followed by planning, decision-making, and progress-tracking over multiple steps. initial step—forming goals the plans for obtaining them—involves subjective valuation anticipated reward, considering both reward’s properties associated delay physical-effort costs. Recent findings indicate individuals similarly evaluate cognitive effort time ( Johnson Most, 2023 ). Success failure in these processes have been linked to differential life outcomes psychiatric conditions. Here we review evidence from single-neuron recordings neuroimaging studies that implicate amygdala—a brain structure long with cue-reactivity emotion—in decision-making planned Grabenhorst et al., 2012 , 2016 2019 ; Hernadi 2015 Zangemeister main are that, behavioral tasks which can be pursued through planning stepwise amygdala neurons prospectively encode value related plans. Moreover, predict choices pursue rewards, signal progress toward goals, distinguish internally generated (i.e., self-determined) externally imposed actions. Importantly, integrate a reward costs inherent pursuing it. This neural identifies three key computations primate underlie rewards: (1) self-determined goal based on reward-cost valuations, (2) defining plan (3) executing this progress-tracking. Based framework, suggest constitute vulnerabilities dysfunction contribute maladaptive Consequently, may also represent potential targets behavioral-change interventions aim improve individual decision-making.

Language: Английский

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From histology to macroscale function in the human amygdala

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

The amygdala is a subcortical region in the mesiotemporal lobe that plays key role emotional and sensory functions. Conventional neuroimaging experiments treat this structure as single, uniform entity, but there ample histological evidence for subregional heterogeneity microstructure function. current study characterized structure-function coupling human amygdala, integrating post mortem histology vivo MRI at ultrahigh fields. Core to our work was novel neuroinformatics approach leveraged multiscale texture analysis well non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques identify salient dimensions of microstructural variation 3D reconstruction amygdala. We observed two axes region, describing inferior-superior medio-lateral trends differentiation part recapitulated established atlases subnuclei. Translating data acquired 7 Tesla, we could demonstrate generalizability these spatial across 10 healthy adults. then cross-referenced with functional blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal obtained during task-free conditions, revealed close association structural macroscale network embedding, notably temporo-limbic, default mode, sensory-motor networks. Our consolidates descriptions anatomy function from imaging techniques.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic coding and sequential integration of multiple reward attributes by primate amygdala neurons

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract The value of visual stimuli guides learning, decision-making, and motivation. Although stimulus values often depend on multiple attributes, how neurons extract integrate distinct components from separate cues remains unclear. Here we recorded the activity amygdala while two male monkeys viewed sequential indicating probability magnitude expected rewards. Amygdala frequently signaled reward in an abstract, stimulus-independent code that generalized across cue formats. While some probability-coding were insensitive to information, signaling ‘pure’ rather than value, many showed biphasic responses a dynamic (temporally-patterned) flexible (reversible) code. Specific integrated these attributes into risk signals quantified variance rewards, value. Population codes accurate, mutually transferable between components, expressed differently nuclei. Our findings identify as substrate for integration risk.

Language: Английский

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Amidst an amygdala renaissance in Alzheimer’s disease

Brain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147(3), P. 816 - 829

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Abstract The amygdala was highlighted as an early site for neurofibrillary tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer’s disease the seminal 1991 article by Braak and Braak. This knowledge has, however, only received traction recently with advances imaging image analysis techniques. Here, we provide a cross-disciplinary overview of neuroimaging studies on amygdala. These strong support role utility biomarkers detecting changes predicting decline cognitive functions neuropsychiatric symptoms stages. We summarize animal literature connectivity amygdala, demonstrating that nuclei show earliest strongest accumulation are those connected to brain regions also accumulation. Additionally, propose alternative pathway spreading within medial temporal lobe between anterior hippocampus. proposed existence this is strengthened novel experimental data human functional connectivity. Finally, roles highlighting correspondence symptomatic profiles disease. In summary, these findings new impetus studying unique perspective guide further study occurrence

Language: Английский

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Human amygdala compared to orbitofrontal cortex connectivity, and emotion

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 102385 - 102385

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Ultra-high field imaging of the amygdala – A narrative review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105245 - 105245

Published: May 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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