Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin — the link between energy balance and reproduction

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 407 - 420

Published: May 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Assessment and treatment of thyroid disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 158 - 171

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Maternal hormonal milieu influence on fetal brain development

Brain and Behavior, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(2)

Published: Jan. 24, 2018

Abstract An adverse maternal hormonal environment during pregnancy can be associated with abnormal brain growth. Subtle changes in fetal development have been observed even for hormone levels within the currently accepted physiologic ranges. In this review, we provide an update of research data on impact neurodevelopment, giving particular emphasis to thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids. Thyroid are required normal development. Despite serum TSH appearing most accurate indicator function pregnancy, free T4 first trimester major determinant postnatal psychomotor Even a transient period hypothyroxinemia at beginning neurogenesis confer higher risk expressive language nonverbal cognitive delays offspring. Nevertheless, recent clinical guidelines advocate targeted high‐risk case finding despite universal screening. Corticosteroids suppressing cell proliferation stimulating terminal differentiation, fundamental switch maturation organs. Not surprisingly, intrauterine exposure stress or high glucocorticoids, endogenous synthetic, has molecular structural appears impair cognition increase anxiety reactivity stress. Limbic regions, such as hippocampus amygdala, particularly sensitive. Repeated doses prenatal corticosteroids seem short‐term benefits less respiratory distress fewer serious health problems neurodevelopmental growth later childhood adulthood needs further clarification. Future studies should address relevance monitoring level stratification impaired neurodevelopment.

Language: Английский

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Iodine as Essential Nutrient during the First 1000 Days of Life

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 290 - 290

Published: March 1, 2018

Iodine is an essential micronutrient incorporated into thyroid hormones. Although iodine deficiency can lead to a broad spectrum of disorders throughout life, it most critical in the early stages development, as foetal brain extremely dependent on supply. During last two decades, our understanding physiology during gestation has substantially improved. Furthermore, hormone receptors have been identified and characterised placental embryonic tissues, allowing us elucidate maternal-foetal transfer Experimental studies demonstrated that cyto-architecture cerebral cortex be irreversibly disturbed causing abnormal neuron migratory patterns which are associated with cognitive impairment children. In this context, role key factor programming infant neurodevelopment, needs revisited special focus areas mild moderate deficiency. The objective review summarize available evidence from both animals human studies, for effect (particularly, maternal hypothyroxinemia) development neurological or behavioural disorders, such lower intelligence quotient (IQ) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Language: Английский

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Thyroid-disrupting chemicals and brain development: an update

Endocrine Connections, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. R160 - R186

Published: March 23, 2018

This review covers recent findings on the main categories of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals and their effects brain development. We draw mostly epidemiological experimental data published in last decade. For each chemical class considered, we deal with not only but also briefly mention mechanisms by which same could modify estrogen and/or androgen signalling, thereby exacerbating adverse endocrine-dependent developmental programmes. Further, emphasize showing how maternal hormone signalling during early pregnancy affects offspring IQ, neurodevelopmental disease risk. These add to established knowledge crucial importance iodine for optimal propose that prenatal exposure mixtures provides a plausible biological mechanism contributing current increases incidence IQ loss.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Thyroid Hormones on Neurons and Neurodevelopment

Hormone Research in Paediatrics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 90(2), P. 73 - 81

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

This review focuses on the current knowledge of effects thyroid hormones central nervous system differentiation and development in animals human fetal brain. The outcomes children with congenital hypothyroidism newborns hypothyroid pregnant mothers are emphasized, focusing how therapies could affect especially improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Systematic Review of Toxicity Removal by Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies via Ozonation and Activated Carbon

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 53(13), P. 7215 - 7233

Published: May 23, 2019

Upgrading wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with advanced technologies is one key strategy to reduce micropollutant emissions. Given the complex chemical composition of wastewater, toxicity removal an integral parameter assess performance WWTPs. Thus, goal this systematic review evaluate how effectively ozonation and activated carbon remove in vitro vivo toxicity. Out 2464 publications, we extracted 46 relevant studies conducted at 22 pilot or full-scale We performed a quantitative qualitative evaluation (100 assays) data (20 species), respectively. Data more abundant on (573 points) than (162 points), certain end points (especially estrogenicity) models (e.g., daphnids) dominate. The literature shows that while conventional reduces toxicity, residual effects effluents may represent risk receiving ecosystem basis effect-based trigger values. In general, upgrade will significantly increase similar performance. Nevertheless, generates toxic transformation products can be removed by post-treatment. By assessing growing body studies, identify sensitive underrepresented species provide guidance for future research.

Language: Английский

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Translating basic research knowledge on the biological embedding of early-life stress into novel approaches for the developmental programming of lifelong health

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 105, P. 123 - 137

Published: Dec. 12, 2018

Language: Английский

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Food Additives and Child Health

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 142(2)

Published: July 23, 2018

Increasing scientific evidence suggests potential adverse effects on children's health from synthetic chemicals used as food additives, both those deliberately added to during processing (direct) and in materials that may contaminate part of packaging or manufacturing (indirect). Concern regarding additives has increased the past 2 decades because studies increasingly document endocrine disruption other effects. In some cases, exposure these is disproportionate among minority low-income populations. This report focuses with strongest for concern. Further research needed study over various points life course, toxicity testing must be advanced able better identify concerns prior widespread population exposure. The accompanying policy statement describes approaches makers pediatricians can take prevent disease disability are being identified relation uses.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Factors that Induce Epigenetic Changes Contribute to Neurological Disorders in Offspring

Genes, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 150 - 150

Published: May 24, 2017

It is well established that the regulation of epigenetic factors, including chromatic reorganization, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation, critical for normal development functioning human brain. There are a number maternal factors influencing pathways such as lifestyle, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, age infections (viral or bacterial). Genetic metabolic alterations obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), thyroidism alter mechanisms, thereby contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) embryonic neural tube defects (NTDs), autism, Down’s syndrome, Rett later onset neuropsychological deficits. This review comprehensively describes recent findings in landscape altered molecular profiles resulting NDs. Furthermore, we will discuss potential avenues future research identify diagnostic markers therapeutic epi-drugs reverse these abnormalities brain marks plastic reversible nature.

Language: Английский

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