NLR receptors in plant immunity: making sense of the alphabet soup

EMBO Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10)

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Plants coordinately use cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive pathogens mount an response. Intracellular events of pathogen recognition are largely mediated by the nucleotide binding leucine rich-repeat (NLR) classes. Upon perception, NLRs trigger a potent broad-spectrum reaction, usually accompanied form programmed cell death termed hypersensitive Some plant act as multifunctional singleton which combine detection signaling. However, can also function in higher order pairs networks functionally specialized interconnected receptors. In this article, we cover basic aspects NLR biology with emphasis on networks. We highlight some recent advances structure, function, activation discuss emerging topics such modulator NLRs, suppression bioengineering. Multi-disciplinary approaches required disentangle how these receptor evolve. Answering questions holds potential deepen our understanding system unlock new era disease resistance breeding.

Language: Английский

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Plant NLR immunity activation and execution: a biochemical perspective

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Plants deploy cell-surface and intracellular receptors to detect pathogen attack trigger innate immune responses. Inside host cells, families of nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins serve as sensors or downstream mediators defence outputs cell death, which prevent disease. Established genetic underpinnings NLR-mediated immunity revealed various strategies plants adopt combat rapidly evolving microbial pathogens. The molecular mechanisms NLR activation signal transmission components controlling execution were less clear. Here, we review recent protein structural biochemical insights plant sensor signalling functions. When put together, the data show how different families, whether transducers, converge on nucleotide-based second messengers cellular calcium confer immunity. Although pathogen-activated NLRs in engage plant-specific machineries promote defence, comparisons with mammalian receptor counterparts highlight some shared working principles for across kingdoms.

Language: Английский

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Convergent reduction of immune receptor repertoires during plant adaptation to diverse special lifestyles and habitats

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Viperin immunity evolved across the tree of life through serial innovations on a conserved scaffold

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 1667 - 1679

Published: July 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Coping with alpine habitats: genomic insights into the adaptation strategies of Triplostegia glandulifera (Caprifoliaceae)

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract How plants find a way to thrive in alpine habitats remains largely unknown. Here we present chromosome-level genome assembly for an medicinal herb, Triplostegia glandulifera (Caprifoliaceae), and 13 transcriptomes from other species of Dipsacales. We detected whole-genome duplication event T. that occurred prior the diversification Preferential gene retention after was found contribute increasing cold-related genes glandulifera. A series putatively associated with adaptation (e.g. CBFs, ERF-VIIs, RAD51C) exhibited higher expression levels than its low-elevation relative, Lonicera japonica. Comparative genomic analysis among five pairs high- vs species, including comparison L. japonica, indicated families related disease resistance experienced significantly convergent contraction compared their lowland relatives. The reduction repertory size concentrated clades pathogen recognition CNLs, prRLPs, XII RLKs), while signal transduction development remained nearly unchanged. This finding reflects energy-saving strategy survival hostile areas, where there is tradeoff less challenge pathogens limited resources growth. also identified candidate RAD1, DMC1, MSH3) were under positive selection or acceleration evolutionary rate investigated plants. Overall, our study provides novel insights into high-elevation strategies this

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary and immune‐activating character analyses of NLR genes in algae suggest the ancient origin of plant intracellular immune receptors

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119(5), P. 2316 - 2330

Published: July 7, 2024

SUMMARY Nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins are crucial intracellular immune receptors in plants, responsible for detecting invading pathogens and initiating defense responses. While previous studies on the evolution function of NLR genes were mainly limited to land evolutionary trajectory immune‐activating character algae remain less explored. In this study, genome‐wide gene analysis was conducted 44 chlorophyte species across seven classes charophyte five classes. A few but variable number genes, ranging from one 20, identified chlorophytes three charophytes, whereas no remaining algal genomes. Compared with genomes possess fewer or usually implying that expansion plants can be attributed their adaptation more complex terrestrial pathogen environments. Through phylogenetic analysis, domain composition conserved motifs profiling NBS domain, we detected shared lineage‐specific features between supporting common origin continuous green plant genes. Immune‐activation assays revealed both TNL RNL elicit hypersensitive responses Nicotiana benthamiana , indicating molecular basis activation has emerged early stage different types proteins. summary, results study suggest may have taken a role as ancestor plants.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering Plant NLR Genomic Evolution: Synteny-Informed Classification Unveils Insights into TNL Gene Loss

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Abstract Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes encode a pivotal class of plant immune receptors. However, their rampant duplication and loss have made inferring genomic evolutionary trajectory difficult, exemplified by the TNL family in monocots. In this study, we introduce novel classification system for angiosperm NLR genes, grounded network analysis micro-synteny information. This refined categorizes these into five classes: CNL_A, CNL_B, CNL_C, TNL, RNL. Compared to previous classification, further subdivided CNLs three subclasses. The credibility is supported phylogenetic examination protein domain structures. Importantly, enabled model explain extinction Compelling evidence underscores revelation, indicating clear synteny correspondence between non-TNLs monocots extinct subclass. Our study provides crucial insights origin divergence subfamilies, unveiling malleability-driven journey that has shaped functionality diversity genes.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular perception of multiple novel core effectors from the broad host-range pear anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum fructicola in the nonhost Nicotiana benthamiana

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(5)

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Colletotrichum fructicola is emerging as a devastating pathogenic fungus causing anthracnose in wide range of horticultural crops, particularly fruits. Exploitation nonhost resistance (NHR) represents robust strategy for plant disease management. Perception core effectors from phytopathogens frequently leads to hypersensitive cell death and plants; however, such C. their signaling components non-hosts remain elusive. Here, we found virulent strain isolated pear exhibits non-adaptation the model Nicotiana benthamiana. secreted molecules appears be dominant factor NHR, four novel effectors—CfCE4, CfCE25, CfCE61, CfCE66—detected by N. benthamiana were, accordingly, identified. These exhibit death-inducing activity accumulate apoplast. With series CRISPR/Cas9-edited mutants or gene-silenced plants, coreceptor BAK1 helper NLRs including ADR1, NRG1, NRCs mediate perceptions these Concurrently, multiple genes encoding surface immune receptors intracellular were greatly induced fructicola. This work first characterization repertoire responsible NHR. Significantly, unveiled this study offered insights into continuum layered immunity during NHR will helpful management diverse crops.

Language: Английский

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GmAMT2.1/2.2-dependent ammonium nitrogen and metabolites shape rhizosphere microbiome assembly to mitigate cadmium toxicity

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 24, 2024

Abstract Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, is negatively associated with plant growth. AMT (ammonium transporter) genes can confer Cd resistance and enhance nitrogen (N) uptake in soybeans. The potential of to alleviate toxicity by modulating rhizosphere microbiota remains unkonwn. Here, the microbial taxonomic metabolic differences three genotypes, i.e., double knockout overexpression lines wild type, were identified. results showed that GmAMT2.1/2.2 could induce soybean recruit beneficial microorganisms, such as Tumebacillus , Alicyclobacillus Penicillium altering metabolites. bacterial, fungal, cross-kingdom synthetic communities (SynComs) formed these microorganisms help resist toxicity. mechanisms which SynComs soybeans stress include reducing content, increasing ammonium (NH 4 + -N) regulating specific functional Overall, this study provides valuable insights for developing formulations sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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The roles of Magnaporthe oryzae avirulence effectors involved in blast resistance/susceptibility

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Phytopathogens represent an ongoing threat to crop production and a significant impediment global food security. During the infection process, these pathogens spatiotemporally deploy large array of effectors sabotage host defense machinery and/or manipulate cellular pathways, thereby facilitating colonization infection. However, besides their pivotal roles in pathogenesis, certain effectors, known as avirulence (AVR) can be directly or indirectly perceived by plant resistance (R) proteins, leading race-specific resistance. An in-depth understanding intricate AVR-R interactions is instrumental for genetic improvement crops safeguarding them from diseases. Magnaporthe oryzae ( M . ), causative agent rice blast disease, exceptionally virulent devastating fungal pathogen that induces disease on over 50 monocot species, including economically important crops. Rice- M. pathosystem serves prime model functional dissection AVR with R proteins other target due its scientific advantages economic importance. Significant progress has been made elucidating potential interaction between past two decades. This review comprehensively discusses recent advancements field specific focus multifaceted through corresponding R/target during Furthermore, we deliberated emerging strategies engineering leveraging structural insights gained effectors.

Language: Английский

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