Current Neuropharmacology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(3), P. 495 - 520
Published: Aug. 3, 2023
Background:
The
diathesis-stress
paradigm
and
the
cannabinoid-hypothesis
have
been
proposed
as
possible
pathophysiological
models
of
schizophrenia.
However,
they
historically
studied
independently
each
other.
Objective:
This
PRISMA
2020-compliant
systematic
review
aimed
at
reappraising
interplay
between
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis
endocannabinoid
(eCB)
system
in
psychosis-
spectrum
disorder
risk
outcome.
Methods:
All
outcome
clinical
studies,
concomitantly
evaluating
two
systems
psychosis-spectrum
different
stages
illness,
were
gathered
from
electronic
databases
(Pubmed,
Web
Science,
Scopus),
discussed.
Results:
41
eligible
outputs
extracted,
focusing
on
least
a
biological
measure
(9
HPA-related
studies:
4
eCB-interventional,
1
HPA-interventional,
both
HPA-interventional
non-interventional,
3
non-interventional;
2
eCB-related
non-interventional),
environmental
measures
only
(29
eCB-
interventional,
28
genetic
(1
study:
non-interventional).
Independent
contributions
aberrancies
to
physiopathology
psychosis
confirmed.
Also,
concomitant
alterations
systems,
either
genetically
defined
(e.g.,
CNR1
variation),
biologically
determined
dysfunctional
HPA
or
signaling),
behaviorally
imputed
cannabis
use,
stress
exposure,
response),
consistently
reported
psychosis.
Further,
complex
biobehavioral
perturbation
was
revealed
not
within
use
affecting
eCB
tone,
exposure
axis),
but
also
across
THC
axis,
childhood
trauma
signaling).
Conclusion:
There
is
need
study
systems’
mechanistic
contribution
order
establish
more
refined
relevance.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(2), P. 975 - 975
Published: Jan. 17, 2022
The
endocannabinoid
system
(ECS)
is
ubiquitous
in
most
human
tissues,
and
involved
the
regulation
of
mental
health.
Consequently,
its
dysregulation
associated
with
neuropsychiatric
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Together,
ECS
expanded
endocannabinoidome
(eCBome)
are
composed
genes
coding
for
CB1
CB2
cannabinoid
receptors
(CB1R,
CB2R),
endocannabinoids
(eCBs),
metabolic
enzyme
machinery
their
synthesis
catabolism.
activation
CB1R
adverse
effects
on
central
nervous
(CNS),
which
has
limited
therapeutic
use
drugs
that
bind
this
receptor.
discovery
functional
neuronal
CB2R
raised
new
possibilities
potential
safe
targeting
treatment
CNS
Previous
studies
were
not
able
to
detect
mRNA
transcripts
brain
tissue
suggested
CB2Rs
absent
considered
peripheral
receptors.
Studies
done
role
as
a
target
treating
different
disorders
revealed
important
putative
certain
disorders,
requires
further
clinical
validation.
This
review
addresses
recent
advances
including,
but
to,
anxiety,
depression,
schizophrenia,
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
Alzheimer’s
(AD),
Huntington’s
(HD)
addiction.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(2), P. 485 - 485
Published: Feb. 14, 2023
The
literature
provides
scientific
evidence
for
the
beneficial
effects
of
cannabidiol
(CBD),
and
these
extend
beyond
epilepsy
treatment
(e.g.,
Lennox–Gastaut
Dravet
syndromes),
notably
influence
on
oxidative
status,
neurodegeneration,
cellular
protection,
cognitive
function,
physical
performance.
However,
products
containing
CBD
are
not
allowed
to
be
marketed
everywhere
in
world,
which
may
ultimately
have
a
negative
effect
health
as
result
uncontrolled
market.
After
isolation
follows
discovery
CB1
CB2
receptors
main
enzymatic
components
(diacylglycerol
lipase
(DAG
lipase),
monoacyl
glycerol
(MAGL),
fatty
acid
amino
hydrolase
(FAAH)).
At
same
time,
antioxidant
potential
is
due
only
molecular
structure
but
also
fact
that
this
compound
increases
expression
endogenous
systems,
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
glutathione
peroxidase
(GPx),
through
nuclear
complex
erythroid
2-related
factor
(Nrf2)/Keep1.
Regarding
role
control
inflammation,
function
exercised
by
inhibiting
(nuclear
kappa
B)
NF-κB,
genes
encode
molecules
with
pro-inflammatory
(cytokines
metalloproteinases).
other
performance
should
excluded.
In
conclusion,
market
needs
regulated
more
thoroughly,
given
previously
listed
properties,
mention
safety
profile
very
good
one.
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
134(5), P. 574 - 601
Published: March 13, 2024
Abstract
Studies
have
demonstrated
the
neuroprotective
effect
of
cannabidiol
(CBD)
and
other
Cannabis
sativa
L.
derivatives
on
diseases
central
nervous
system
caused
by
their
direct
or
indirect
interaction
with
endocannabinoid
system‐related
receptors
molecular
targets,
such
as
5‐HT
1A
receptor,
which
is
a
potential
pharmacological
target
CBD.
Interestingly,
CBD
binding
receptor
may
be
suitable
for
treatment
epilepsies,
parkinsonian
syndromes
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
in
serotonergic
plays
key
role.
The
aim
this
review
was
to
provide
an
overview
cannabinoid
effects
neurological
disorders,
epilepsy,
multiple
sclerosis
Parkinson's
diseases,
discuss
possible
mechanism
action,
highlighting
interactions
targets
phytocannabinoids.
has
been
shown
significant
therapeutic
epilepsy
disease,
while
nabiximols
contribute
reduction
spasticity
are
frequent
option
sclerosis.
Although
there
theories
cannabinoids
substantially
greater
progress
search
strong
scientific
evidence
effectiveness
needed.
Inflammopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
30(4), P. 1167 - 1178
Published: July 7, 2022
Combination
tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)/cannabidiol
(CBD)
medicines
or
CBD-only
are
prospective
treatments
for
chronic
pain,
stress,
anxiety,
depression,
and
insomnia.
THC
CBD
increase
signaling
from
cannabinoid
receptors,
which
reduces
synaptic
transmission
in
parts
of
the
central
peripheral
nervous
systems
secretion
inflammatory
factors
immune
glial
cells.
The
overall
effect
adding
to
is
enhance
analgesic
but
counteract
some
adverse
effects.
There
substantial
evidence
effectiveness
THC/CBD
combination
especially
neuropathic
nociplastic
pain
with
an
component.
For
medication,
there
moderate
anxiety
insomnia,
minimal
depression
pain.
have
a
good
tolerability
safety
profile
relative
opioid
analgesics
negligible
dependence
abuse
potential;
however,
should
be
avoided
patients
predisposed
psychosis
suicide
as
these
conditions
appear
exacerbated.
Non-serious
events
usually
dose-proportional,
subject
tachyphylaxis
rarely
dose
limiting
when
commenced
on
low
gradual
up-titration.
inhibit
several
Phase
I
II
metabolism
enzymes,
increases
exposure
wide
range
drugs
appropriate
care
needs
taken.
Low-dose
that
appears
effective
mental
health
has
safety,
few
effects
initial
treatment.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 3907 - 3907
Published: Feb. 15, 2023
Adolescent
exposure
to
cannabinoids
as
a
postnatal
environmental
insult
may
increase
the
risk
of
psychosis
in
subjects
exposed
perinatal
insult,
suggested
by
two-hit
hypothesis
schizophrenia.
Here,
we
hypothesized
that
peripubertal
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(aTHC)
affect
impact
prenatal
methylazoxymethanol
acetate
(MAM)
or
THC
(pTHC)
adult
rats.
We
found
MAM
and
pTHC-exposed
rats,
when
compared
control
group
(CNT),
were
characterized
phenotype
relevant
schizophrenia,
including
social
withdrawal
cognitive
impairment,
revealed
interaction
test
novel
object
recognition
test,
respectively.
At
molecular
level,
observed
an
cannabinoid
CB1
receptor
(Cnr1)
and/or
dopamine
D2/D3
(Drd2,
Drd3)
gene
expression
prefrontal
cortex
which
attributed
changes
DNA
methylation
at
key
regulatory
regions.
Interestingly,
aTHC
treatment
significantly
impaired
behavior,
but
not
performance
CNT
groups.
In
pTHC
did
exacerbate
altered
nor
dopaminergic
signaling,
while
it
reversed
deficit
rats
modulating
Drd2
Drd3
expression.
conclusion,
our
results
suggest
effects
depend
on
individual
differences
related
neurotransmission.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Aug. 21, 2023
Autism
Spectrum
Disorders
(ASD)
may
significantly
impact
the
well-being
of
patients
and
their
families.
The
therapeutic
use
cannabis
for
ASD
has
gained
interest
due
to
its
promising
results
low
side
effects,
but
a
consensus
on
treatment
guidelines
is
lacking.
In
this
study,
we
conducted
retrospective
analysis
20
with
autistic
symptoms
who
were
treated
full-spectrum
extracts
(FCEs)
in
response-based,
individually-tailored
dosage
regimen.
daily
relative
proportions
cannabidiol
(CBD)
tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
adjusted
based
following
periodic
clinical
evaluation.
Most
(80%)
minimum
6
months.
We
have
used
novel,
detailed
online
patient-
or
caregiver-reported
outcome
survey
that
inquired
about
core
comorbid
symptoms,
quality
life.
also
reviewed
patients’
files,
no
individual
condition
within
spectrum
was
excluded.
This
real-life
approach
enabled
us
gain
clearer
appraisal
ample
scope
benefits
FCEs
can
provide
Eighteen
started
CBD-rich
FCE
titrating
protocol,
three
them,
(CBD-dominant)
gradually
complemented
doses
THC-rich
(THC-dominant)
observed
effects.
Two
other
throughout
blend
two
FCEs,
one
THC-rich.
outcomes
mainly
positive
most
only
patient
from
each
above-mentioned
situations
displayed
important
effects
treatment,
another
CBD-Rich
FCEs.
Therefore,
after
18
out
showed
improvement
autism,
life
For
mild
infrequent.
Additionally,
show,
first
time,
allotriophagy
(Pica)
be
by
Other
medications
reduced
completely
discontinued
cases.
Based
our
findings,
propose
individually
tailored
regimens
adapted
locally
available
qualified
guide
further
trials.
