Classification and antioxidant assays of polyphenols: a review

Journal of Future Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 193 - 204

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Polyphenols are widely recognized as the effective antioxidants, which divided into flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, tannins and so on. They could regulate internal functions protect body from diseases related to oxidative damage. Due fact that their antioxidant capacity is influenced by structure, stability bioavailability, detection of bioactivity should be considered comprehensively. Currently, methods for measuring compounds chemical, cell-based in vivo assays. The chemical assays include 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing /antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance (ORAC), peroxyl scavenging (PSC), rapid identification method, but reaction mechanism has a great gap with response. more consistent biological reaction, still do not take bioavailability consideration. assays, commonly utilized Caenorhabditis elegans or rats models, representative, these complex spend longer. This review summarizes evaluation discusses advantages limitations comparatively, help discriminate select appropriate assay actual operation, facilitate development comprehensive approaches well.

Language: Английский

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E-Stilbenes: General Chemical and Biological Aspects, Potential Pharmacological Activity Based on the Nrf2 Pathway

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 232 - 232

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Stilbenes are phytoalexins, and their biosynthesis can occur through a natural route (shikimate precursor) or an alternative (in microorganism cultures). The latter is metabolic engineering strategy to enhance production due stilbenes recognized pharmacological medicinal potential. It believed that in the human body, these potential activities be modulated by regulation of nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 (Nrf2), which increases expression antioxidant enzymes. Given this, our review aims critically analyze evidence regarding E-stilbenes metabolism Nrf2 activation pathway, with emphasis on inflammatory oxidative stress aspects related pathophysiology chronic diseases. In this comprehensive literature review, it observed despite broad number stilbenes, those most frequently explored clinical trials preclinical studies vitro vivo) were resveratrol, piceatannol, pterostilbene, polydatin, stilbestrol, pinosylvin. some cases, depending dose/concentration chemical nature stilbene, was possible identify pathway. Furthermore, use experimental models presented challenge comparing results. view above, suggested have relationship whether directly indirectly, different biological pathways, diseases conditions mainly inflammation stress.

Language: Английский

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Triazoles in Medicinal Chemistry: Physicochemical Properties, Bioisosterism, and Application

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67(10), P. 7788 - 7824

Published: May 3, 2024

Triazole demonstrates distinctive physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, various dipole moments, and significant dual hydrogen bond acceptor donor capabilities. These features are poised to play a pivotal role in drug–target interactions. The inherent polarity of triazole contributes its lower logP, suggesting the potential improvement water solubility. metabolic stability adds additional value drug discovery. Moreover, metal-binding capacity nitrogen atom lone pair electrons has broad applications development metal chelators antifungal agents. This Perspective aims underscore unique attributes application. A comparative analysis involving isomers other heterocycles provides guiding insights for subsequent design triazoles, with hope offering valuable considerations designing medicinal chemistry.

Language: Английский

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Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Management and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 275 - 275

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a serious metabolic disorder, is worldwide health problem due to the alarming rise in prevalence and elevated morbidity mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, ineffective effect secretion are hallmarks of T2DM, leading many secondary complications. These include, particular, cardiovascular disorders, diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy retinopathy, foot, osteoporosis, liver damage, susceptibility infections some cancers. Polyphenols such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins, lignans constitute an extensive heterogeneous group phytochemicals fresh fruits, vegetables their products. Various vitro studies, animal model studies available clinical trials revealed that flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, epicatechin, genistein, daidzein, anthocyanins), acids chlorogenic, caffeic, ellagic, gallic curcumin), stilbenes resveratrol), tannins procyanidin B2, seaweed phlorotannins), pinoresinol) have ability lower enhance sensitivity improve secretion, scavenge reactive oxygen species, reduce chronic inflammation, modulate gut microbiota, alleviate complications T2DM. The interaction between polyphenols conventional antidiabetic drugs offers promising strategy management treatment especially advanced disease stages. Synergistic effects with been documented, but also antagonistic interactions may impair drug efficacy. Therefore, additional research required clarify mutual order use knowledge applications. Nevertheless, dietary can be successfully applied part supportive for they both obvious symptoms

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 200 - 200

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Polyphenols (PPs) are recognized as bioactive compounds and antimicrobial agents, playing a critical role in enhancing food safety, preservation, extending shelf life. The effectiveness of PPs has different molecular biological reasons, predominantly linked to their hydroxyl groups electron delocalization, which interact with microbial cell membranes, proteins, organelles. These interactions may reduce the efficiency metabolic pathways, cause destructive damage membrane, or they harm proteins nucleic acids foodborne bacteria. Moreover, exhibit distinctive ability form complexes metal ions, further amplifying activity. This narrative review explores complex multifaceted between pathogens, underlying correlation chemical structures mechanisms action. Such insights shed light on potential innovative natural preservatives within systems, presenting an eco-friendly sustainable alternative synthetic additives.

Language: Английский

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Components, mechanisms and applications of stimuli-responsive polymer gels

European Polymer Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 111473 - 111473

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Involvement of Natural Polyphenols in Molecular Mechanisms Inducing Apoptosis in Tumor Cells: A Promising Adjuvant in Cancer Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1680 - 1680

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

Various literature data show how a diet rich in vegetables could reduce the incidence of several cancers due to contribution natural polyphenols contained them. Polyphenols are attributed multiple pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibiotic, antiseptic, anti-allergic, cardioprotective and even anti-tumor properties. The mechanisms involved their action include signaling pathways modulation associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, metastasis death. Since dysregulation death processes is cancer etiopathology, compounds able kill cells be used new anticancer agents. Apoptosis, programmed form death, most potent defense against main mechanism by both chemotherapy agents polyphenols. aim this review provide an update on apoptotic molecular induced some representative polyphenol family members cells. This aspect particularly important because it may useful design therapeutic strategies involving adjuvants.

Language: Английский

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Natural polyphenols-gut microbiota interactions and effects on glycolipid metabolism via polyphenols-gut-brain axis: A state-of-the-art review

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 104171 - 104171

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Resveratrol and Other Natural Oligomeric Stilbenoid Compounds and Their Therapeutic Applications

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(16), P. 2935 - 2935

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

The use of natural compounds as an alternative to synthetic molecules has become a significant subject interest in recent decades. Stilbenoids are group phenolic found many plant species and they have recently gained the focus multitude studies medicine chemistry, resveratrol being most representative molecule. In this review, we focused on research that illustrates therapeutic potential class considering various diseases with higher incidence rates. PubChem database was searched for bioactivities stilbenoids, while several keywords (i.e., “stilbenoids”, “stilbenoid anticancer”) were used query PubMed relevant studies. diversity simplicity stilbenes’ chemical structures together numerous biological sources key elements can simplify both isolation these drug design novel bioactive molecules. Resveratrol other related heterogeneously distributed plants mainly grapes wine. Natural stilbenes shown possess wide range activities, such antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antineoplastic properties. While is widely investigated its benefits disorders, further warranted properly harness less popular stilbenoid compounds.

Language: Английский

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Phenylpropanoid Derivatives and Their Role in Plants’ Health and as antimicrobials

Current Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(12)

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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