Probiotics as Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Prevention and Control of Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 692 - 692

Published: June 16, 2022

Necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry is an economically important disease caused by Clostridium perfringens type A bacteria. global trend on restricting the use of antibiotics as feed supplements food animal production has a spike NE incidences chickens, particularly broiler populations. Amongst several non-antibiotic strategies for control tried so far, probiotics seem to offer promising avenues. The current review focuses studies that have evaluated probiotic effects C. growth and development. Several species, including Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Bacteroides bacteria well some yeast species been tested chickens against These findings shown improve bird performance, reduce colonization NE-associated pathology. underlying mechanisms suggest can help maintain healthy gut microbial balance modifying its composition, mucosal integrity upregulating expression tight-junction proteins, modulate immune responses downregulating inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these indicate platform more investigations are needed study whether experimental effectively prevent commercial operational settings.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Tannic Acid on Antioxidant Function, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier of Broilers Co-Infected with Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 955 - 955

Published: March 19, 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy tannic acid on antioxidative function, immunity, and intestinal barrier broilers co-infected with coccidia Clostridium perfringens (CCP). A total 294 1-day-old arbor acres(AA) were divided into three groups: control group (CON), CCP (CCP), 1000 mg/kg TA + (CTA). This trial lasted for 28 days. results showed that decreased activity glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels increased contents hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) malondialdehyde (MDA) in jejunum (p < 0.05). mRNA GSH-Px3 CAT liver jejunum, GSH-Px3, SOD, HO-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase I (NQO1) down-regulated by challenge In addition, Keap1 Nrf2 jejunal S-transferase (GST), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulated compared CON interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interferon γ (IFN-γ) elevated, IL-10, zonula occludens protein1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, claudin-2, occludin treatment Dietary supplementation GSH-Px, T-SOD, CAT, T-AOC H2O2 MDA Compared group, level liver, alleviated rise IL-8, iNOS, IFN-γ decrease gene expression conclusion, addition diet improved barrier, mitigated inflammation, through activation transcription factor downstream Nrf2-Keap1 pathway NE condition.

Language: Английский

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Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, cecal mucosal cytokines and serum antioxidant responses of broiler chickens to dietary enzymatically treated yeast and coccidia challenge

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 10, 2023

There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production. This study aimed investigate effect enzymatically treated yeast (ETY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, antioxidative status, and cecal mucosa cytokines coccidia-challenged broiler chickens.From d 1 14 post hatching, 480 chickens were allocated 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations ETY (0, 1, or 2 g/kg). The experiment was designed as randomized complete block design body weight (BW) used blocking factor. On birds re-randomized within each diets. Each diet groups split into challenge no-challenge group. resulted × factorial arrangement treatments. administered 15 by an oral gavage.Dietary improved (P < 0.05) G:F 21 regardless state linearly increased 0.01) apparent ileal digestibility dry matter (DM), nitrogen, gross energy (GE). decreased BW gain intake reduced total tract retention DM, GE, nitrogen. mRNA gene expression TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6 mucosa. tendency = 0.08) reduce IL-1β expression. Additionally, supplementation OCLN. Serum catalase dietary 21. Dietary villus height crypt depth ratio, goblet cell density chickens. excreta oocyst counts 21.Dietary enhanced utilization augmented development However, did not completely attenuate adverse

Language: Английский

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Effects of dietary Nisin on growth performance, immune function, and gut health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens

Journal of Animal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Nisin (Ni) is a polypeptide bacteriocin produced by lactic streptococci (probiotics) that can inhibit the majority of gram-positive bacteria, and improve growth performance broilers, exert antioxidative anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated potential preventive effect on necrotic enteritis induced Clostridium perfringens (Cp) challenge. A total 288 Arbor Acres broiler chickens 1-d-olds were allocated using 2 × factorial arrangement into four groups with six replicates (12 per replicate), including: (1) control group (Con, basal diet), (2) Cp challenge (Cp, diet + 1.0 108 CFU/mL Cp), (3) Ni (Ni, 100 mg/kg Ni), (4) (Ni Cp, Cp). results showed decreased average daily gain (ADG) days 15 to 21 (P&lt;0.05) increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) content in serum (P &lt; 0.05), as well significant reduction villus height (VH) ratio VH crypt depth (VCR) increase (CD) jejunum (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, mRNA expressions Occludin Claudin-1 downregulated (P&lt;0.05), while Caspase3, Caspase9, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 upregulated jejunum. However, inclusion dietary supplementation significantly improved body weight (BW) 28, ADG CD jejunum, reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) addition levels expression Caspase9 Moreover, altered cecal microbiota composition, which manifested relative abundance phylum Fusobacteriota Shannon index trend Proteobacteria (0.05&lt;P&lt;0.10), Cyanobacteria In conclusion, demonstrated effectively mitigated negative impact challenge-induced damage intestine broilers via reducing inflammatory responses intestinal apoptosis modulating microbial composition.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of necrotic enteritis effects on growth performance and intestinal health in two different meat-type chicken strains Athens Canadian Random Bred and Cobb 500

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(5), P. 103599 - 103599

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Chickens have undergone genetic improvements in the past few decades to maximize growth efficiency. However, necrotic enteritis (NE), an enteric disease primarily caused by C. perfringens, remains a significant problem poultry production. A study investigated differences intestinal health between non-selected meat-type Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) and modern Cobb 500 (Cobb) broilers when challenged with experimental NE. The utilized 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two main effects chicken strain NE challenge model (non-challenged control, NC; 2,500/12,500 Eimeria maxima oocysts + 1 109 NE2.5/NE12.5). total 432 fourteen-d-old male ACRB were used until 22 days (8 post inoculation E. on d 14, dpi), chickens euthanized 6 8 dpi for analysis. All data statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA, Student's t-test or Tukey's HSD test was applied P < 0.05. NE12.5 group showed decreases performance relative from 14 20, regardless (P 0.01). exhibited body weight gain compared On dpi, both groups villus height crypt depth ratio, jejunal goblet cell count, MUC2 LEAP2 expression Additionally, had significantly higher lesion score, permeability, fecal oocyst perfringens IFNγ CCL4 NC 0.05). In conclusion, negatively impacts broilers, parameters strain.

Language: Английский

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Effect of arginine supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal health, and immune responses of broilers during necrotic enteritis challenge

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(7), P. 103815 - 103815

Published: April 27, 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect 25% arginine supplementation as a functional amino acid in partially alleviating detrimental effects necrotic enteritis (NE) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, gut integrity, and relative gene expression tight junction proteins inflammatory cytokines broilers during NE. Three hundred sixty 1-day-old chicks were randomly allocated 4 treatments 2 × factorial arrangement -basal diet 125% diet, with or without NE challenge. induced by inoculating 1 104Eimeria maxima sporulated oocysts d 14 108 CFU/bird C. perfringens 19, 20, 21. challenge had significant BWG (p < 0.05), FCR AST GLU K+ 0.05) levels, intestinal permeability jejunal lesion score 0.05). A interaction observed cecal tonsil CD8+: CD4+ T-cell ratio 21 28 spleen 35 Arginine significantly increased uninfected birds but decreased infected birds. On 21, iNOS downregulated ZO-1 jejunum. In conclusion, did not alleviate depression performance disease severity However, enzymes, preventing injury tissues Hence, might be supplemented other alternatives downregulate response poultry.

Language: Английский

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Clostridium perfringens-Induced Necrotic Diseases: An Overview

Immuno, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 387 - 407

Published: May 7, 2022

Clostridium perfringens, a prevalent Gram-positive bacterium, causes necrotic diseases associated with abundant life loss and economic burdens of billions USD. The mechanism C. perfringens-induced remains largely unknown, in part, because the lack effective animal models presence large array exotoxins diverse disease manifestations from skin deep tissues to gastrointestinal tract. In light advancement medical veterinary research, body knowledge is accumulating on factors influencing onset, development, outcomes. Here, we present an overview key virulence perfringens exotoxins. Subsequently, focus comprehensively reviewing such as myonecrosis, acute watery diarrhea, enteritis necroticans, preterm infant necrotizing enterocolitis, chicken enteritis. We then review current understanding mechanisms myonecrosis relation immune system intestinal microbiome. Based these discussions, preventions treatments propose potential new intervention options. purpose this provide updated comprehensive role host–microbe interaction develop interventions against diseases.

Language: Английский

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Osteoimmunology: A Link between Gastrointestinal Diseases and Skeletal Health in Chickens

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1816 - 1816

Published: May 30, 2023

Bone serves as a multifunctional organ in avian species, giving structural integrity to the body, aiding locomotion and flight, regulating mineral homeostasis, supplementing calcium for eggshell formation. Furthermore, immune cells originate reside bone marrow, sharing milieu with cells, indicating potential interaction functions. In prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases can alter growth response, which costs great fortune poultry industry. Previous studies have shown that coccidiosis necrotic enteritis dramatically reduce quality well. However, possible mechanisms on how is influenced by these disease conditions not yet been completely understood, other than reduced feed intake. On hand, several mediators such chemokines cytokines, play vital role differentiation activation osteoclasts responsible resorption osteoblasts case Eimeria spp./Clostridium perfringens coinfection, are upregulated. One mechanism accelerated loss after illnesses might be immune-mediated osteoclastogenesis via cytokines-RANKL-mediated pathways. This review article thus focuses osteoimmunological pathways between host responses biology like affecting skeletal health.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Tannic Acid Supplementation on the Intestinal Health, Immunity, and Antioxidant Function of Broilers Challenged with Necrotic Enteritis

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1476 - 1476

Published: July 24, 2023

Clostridium perfringens causes necrotic enteritis (NE) after proliferation in the intestine of poultry, resulting considerable losses to poultry industry. This study aimed investigate impact tannic acid on antioxidant, immunity, and gut health broilers with NE. In experiment, 630 one-day-old Cobb500 male chicks were randomly divided into six treatment groups, seven replicate cages fifteen birds each cage. The groups as follows: control group (NC), challenged (PC), NE chickens treated 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg/kg (PTA1, PTA2, PTA3, PTA4, respectively). To induce NE, coccidia vaccine administered day 19 days 22-28, respectively. Indexes related immune, intestinal measured 28 35. During infection period, we observed significant increases fecal water content, D-LA, TNF-α, malondialdehyde concentrations (p < 0.05). Conversely, decreases noted chyme pH T-AOC, IL-4, IL-10 addition exhibited a linear decrease content TNF-α concentration Furthermore, supplementation resulted quadratic curve D-LA Cecal microbiological analysis revealed that Ruminococcaceae Butyricimona dominant PTA3. conclusion, dietary may reduce negative effects by increasing antioxidant anti-inflammatory capacity, improving barrier, regulating flora.

Language: Английский

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Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Immune Injury and Intestinal Problems Caused by Clostridium Perfringens through Gut Microbiota

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(24), P. 3784 - 3784

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MS-SB) is an effective additive which can reduce the release of (SB) in fore gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we assess protective effects and mechanisms MS-SB Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens)-challenged broilers. Broiler chickens were pre-treated with SB or for 56 days then challenged C. three times. Our results indicate that addition before infection significantly decreased thymus index (p < 0.05). Serum IgA, IgY, IgM concentrations increased 0.05), while pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α 0.05) under supplementation. Compared SB, presented a stronger performance, higher IgA content, as well lower IL-1β level when normal perfringens-challenged. While challenge villus height administration height/crypt depth (V/C ratio) Varying degrees volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during challenge, where evidenced by content isovaleric acid valeric acid. Microbial analysis demonstrated both increase variation microbiota community. The also proportions Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Clostridia, Ruminococcaceae, Alistipes, Clostridia group while, at same time, abundance Bacteroides Alistipes. summary, dietary supplementation improves immune status morphology intestinal villi, increases production VFAs, modulates cecal perfringens. Moreover, was more than supplemental amount.

Language: Английский

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