Virus-like particles in poultry disease: an approach to effective and safe vaccination

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

The poultry industry, a cornerstone of global food security, faces dynamic challenges exacerbated by viral diseases. This review traces the trajectory vaccination, evolving from traditional methods to forefront innovation Virus-Like Particle (VLP) vaccines. Vaccination has been pivotal in disease control, but vaccines exhibit some limitations. examines emergence VLPs as game-changer vaccination. VLPs, mimicking viruses without replication, offer safer, targeted alternative with enhanced immunogenicity. narrative encompasses VLP design principles, production methods, immunogenicity, and efficacy against major viruses. Challenges prospects are explored, presenting transformative technique control. Understanding their potential empowers industry stakeholders navigate health management precision, promising improved welfare, reduced economic losses, heightened safety.

Language: Английский

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Colibacillosis in Modern Poultry Production

Journal of Agronomy Technology and Engineering Management (JATEM), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 975 - 987

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Colibacillosis, a bacterial infection caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, poses significant challenges to contemporary poultry farming. This paper provides succinct overview of key aspects related the disease. Colibacillosis manifests with respiratory, enteric, and systemic clinical signs, impacting broilers, layers, breeders. The etiology involves virulent E. strains specific adhesion invasion mechanisms. avian immune response plays crucial role, influenced factors such as age, stress, vaccination. epidemiology exhibits global prevalence, geographical, seasonal, farm-specific factors. Control strategies encompass biosecurity measures, vaccination, responsible antimicrobial use, genetic selection, environmental management. Comprehensive understanding proactive management colibacillosis are essential mitigate economic losses sustain health productivity in modern production systems. In conclusion remains challenge production, implications for industry. Efforts control manage should take into consideration these multifaceted focus on prevention, early detection, use.

Language: Английский

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The influence of Spirulina extract on pathogenicity, immune response, and vaccine efficacy against H9N2 avian influenza virus in specific pathogen free chickens

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(1), P. 103194 - 103194

Published: Oct. 14, 2023

Avian influenza (AI) viruses pose a risk to the worldwide poultry industry. Ultimately, improving efficiency of H9N2 vaccine is necessary better control low-pathogenic avian influenza-H9N2 by using natural immunostimulant. Therefore, goal present study was examine varying doses cyanobacterium Spirulina extract on effectiveness vaccine. Thus, total 150 specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were allocated into 6 groups, 25 birds each, as follow: G1, G2, and G6 supplemented with 200, 400, 400 mg extract/kg feed, respectively, whilst feed in G3, G4, G5 not extract. At 21-days-old, only G3 vaccinated AI After 4 wk postvaccination, challenged Egyptian strain. The virus selected from recent circulating strain during 2022, it related A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97-like lineage clustered G1-B sub-lineage EGY-2 group. It had high amino acids identity percentage 92.6% A/chicken/Iran/av1221/1998 (Boehringer Ingelheim) results real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (rRT-PCR) revealed that no shedding reported G5. supplementation low (200 mg/kg feed) (400 concentration (G1 G2) induced prominent immuno-stimulatory effect dose dependent manner where strongly enhanced phagocytic activities broilers' peripheral blood monocytes, lysozyme at all days postvaccination (dpv) postchallenge (dpc) compared other groups significant differences day experiment 21st dpv, 28th 7th dpc, 14th respectively. G1 G2 highest hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer dose-dependent all-time intervals. significantly increased 14th, comparison G3. Furthermore, showed higher titers groups. anti-inflammatory dependant downregulating nitric oxide levels times difference 3 7 dpc G6, improved histopathological alterations trachea, lung, kidney, spleen, bursa Fabricius. supplied without vaccination similar innate immunity. However, delayed production antibodies did prevent viral In conclusion, conjunction either (G1, prevents shedding, increases immune response, reduces inflammation change caused infection manner. We recommend use immunostimulant achieve possible level protection against infection.

Language: Английский

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Co-infection of Fowl Cholera with bacterial and viral infection in poultry flocks

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract This study explores the co-infection dynamics of Pasteurella multocida ( P.multocida ) in poultry, focusing on Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Chicken Anemia (CAV). Co-infections pose significant challenges to poultry health, leading increased morbidity mortality rates. The combined impact exacerbates respiratory issues, weakens immune system, leads intricate clinical manifestations. Samples from flocks Telangana Haryana states India, suspected for fowl cholera, were collected during 2019–2021. confirms co-infections using conventional PCR techniques targeting specific gene regions. Clinical symptoms exhibited by infected birds are described each pathogen. epidemiology is discussed, importance understanding these effective control prevention strategies emphasized. Results reveal consistent over period, highlighting need further investigations into associations with parasites, bacteria, fungi, or viruses. underscores comprehensive biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, early detection managing ensuring sustainable production.

Language: Английский

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Effect of enrofloxacin on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2 avian influenza/infectious bronchitis viruses

Veterinary Medicine and Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Background Effect of antibacterials on mucociliary system and clinical outcome chickens with mixed viral respiratory conditions is not properly addressed. Objective We evaluated enrofloxacin effects parameters broilers challenged H9N2/IB viruses. Methods Broilers (105), at the age 25 days, were randomly allocated into three groups: Group 1 (negative control), no treatment; 2 (positive control [PC]) by intranasal intraocular route. 3 (antibiotic [AB]‐treated) also received started after manifestation signs (day post‐challenge [pc]) continued for 5 days. Results Administration AB was associated appreciable changes in body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or severity although it slightly reduced mortality rate as compared to PC group ( p > 0.05). Virus shedding period number virus positive tracheal caecal tonsil samples statistically similar between groups. In necropsy, most profound effect decreased pleuropneumonia score day 12 pc. Histopathological lesion scores same However, administration increased goblet cells, ciliostasis. Conclusions found a weak H9N2/IB‐infected chickens. Considering risks treatment broiler chickens, results this small‐scale study do encourage benefit use these diseases.

Language: Английский

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