Defining roles of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell biology and physiology

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 499 - 515

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Regulatory Phenomena in the Glutathione Peroxidase Superfamily

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 498 - 516

Published: Dec. 11, 2019

Significance: The selenium-containing Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs)1-4 protect against oxidative challenge, inhibit inflammation and oxidant-induced regulated cell death. Recent Advances: GPx1 GPx4 dampen phosphorylation cascades predominantly via prevention of inactivation phosphatases by H2O2 or lipid hydroperoxides. GPx2 regulates the balance between regeneration apoptotic shedding in intestine. It inhibits inflammation-induced carcinogenesis gut but promotes growth established cancers. GPx3 deficiency facilitates platelet aggregation likely disinhibition thromboxane biosynthesis. is also considered a tumor suppressor. expressed three different forms. cytosolic form proved to interleukin-1-driven nuclear factor κB activation leukotriene Moreover, it key regulator ferroptosis, because reduces hydroperoxy groups complex lipids silences lipoxygenases. By alternate substrate use, contributes chromatin compaction. Mitochondrial forms mitochondrial sheath spermatozoa and, thus, guarantees male fertility. Out less characterized GPxs, cysteine-containing GPx7 GPx8 are unique contributing protein folding endoplasmic reticulum reacting with isomerase as an substrate. A yeast 2-Cysteine glutathione peroxidase equipped CP CR was reported sense for inducing adaptive response. Critical Issues: Most findings compiled derived from tissue culture and/or animal studies only. Their impact on human physiology sometimes questionable. Future Directions: expression individual GPxs GPx-dependent regulatory phenomena be further investigated, particular respect health.

Language: Английский

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Cellular Red-Ox system in health and disease: The latest update

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 114606 - 114606

Published: March 28, 2023

Cells are continually exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cellular metabolism. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy biological processes involving a feedback cycle that causes ROS molecules induce oxidative stress. To adapt exposure, living cells develop various defense mechanisms neutralize use as signaling molecule. The redox networks combine pathways regulate cell metabolism, energy, survival, death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) essential antioxidant enzymes required for scavenging in compartments response stressful situations. Among the non-enzymatic defenses, vitamin C, (GSH), polyphenols, carotenoids, E, etc., also essential. This review article describes how produced byproducts of oxidation/reduction (redox) antioxidants system is directly or indirectly engaged ROS. In addition, we used computational methods determine comparative profile binding energies several with enzymes. analysis demonstrates high affinity their structures.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative eustress: On constant alert for redox homeostasis

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 101867 - 101867

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

In the open metabolic system, redox-related signaling requires continuous monitoring and fine-tuning of steady-state redox set point. The ongoing oxidative metabolism is a persistent challenge, denoted as eustress, which operates within physiological range that has been called 'Homeodynamic Space', 'Goldilocks Zone' or 'Golden Mean'. Spatiotemporal control achieved by compartmentalized generation removal oxidants. cellular landscape H2O2, major molecule, characterized orders-of-magnitude concentration differences between organelles. This pattern mirrored oxidatively modified proteins, exemplified S-glutathionylated proteins. review presents conceptual background for short-term (non-transcriptional) longer-term (transcriptional/translational) homeostatic mechanisms stress responses. point variable moving target value, modulated circadian rhythm external influence, summarily exposome, includes nutrition lifestyle factors. Emerging fields cell-specific tissue-specific regulation in settings are briefly presented, including new insight into role eustress embryonal development lifespan, skeletal muscle exercise, sleep-wake rhythm, function nervous system with aspects leading to psychobiology.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(22), P. 8452 - 8452

Published: Nov. 15, 2020

Antioxidant supplementation, including vitamin E and C has recently received recognition among athletes as a possible method for enhancing athletic performance. Increased oxidative stress during exercise results in the production of free radicals, which leads to muscle damage, fatigue, impaired Despite their negative effects on performance, radicals may act signaling molecules protection against greater physical stress. Current evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation impair these adaptations. Apart from training at altitude those looking an immediate, short-term performance enhancement, with does not appear be beneficial. Moreover, effectiveness alone and/or combined mass strength have been inconsistent. Given supplements (e.g., C) tend block anabolic pathways, thus, adaptations resistance training, special caution should taken supplements. It is recommended consume diet rich fruits vegetables, provides vitamins, minerals phytochemicals, other bioactive compounds meet intakes C.

Language: Английский

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Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(3), P. 2057 - 2170

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs. Specifically, muscle, remarkable plasticity is demonstrated by the remodeling structure and function terms muscular size, force, endurance, contractile velocity result functional demands induced various types training. This plasticity, mechanistic basis adaptations to response training, underpinned activation and/or repression molecular pathways processes each individual acute session. These include transduction signals arising from neuronal, mechanical, metabolic, hormonal stimuli through complex signal networks, which linked myriad effector proteins involved regulation pre- posttranscriptional processes, protein translation degradation processes. review therefore describes exercise-induced responses including emerging concepts such epigenetic degradation. A critical appraisal methodological approaches current state knowledge informs series recommendations offered future directions field.

Language: Английский

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Fundamentals of redox regulation in biology

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 701 - 719

Published: April 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exercise-Stimulated ROS Sensitive Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 537 - 537

Published: March 30, 2021

Physical exercise represents a major challenge to whole-body homeostasis, provoking acute and adaptative responses at the cellular systemic levels. Different sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described in skeletal muscle (e.g., NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, mitochondria) are closely related physiological changes induced by physical through modulation several signaling pathways. Many pathways that regulated exercise-induced ROS generation, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen activated (MAPK), nuclear respiratory factor2 (NRF2), PGC-1α involved exercise, increased glucose uptake, mitochondriogenesis, hypertrophy, among others. Most these adaptations blunted antioxidants, revealing crucial role played during after exercise. When generation is either insufficient or exacerbated, ROS-mediated disrupted, well adaptations. Thus, an understanding limit between "ROS can promote beneficial effects" harmful challenging question biology. The identification new mediators cause reductive stress thereby disrupt exercise-stimulated trending on this topic covered current review.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidants and Sports Performance

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2371 - 2371

Published: May 18, 2023

The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in training adaptations sports performance has been a large issue investigated the last few years. present review aims to analyze performance. For this aim, production physical activities, effect on performance, relationship between adaptations, inflammation, microbiota, antioxidants recovery strategies use supplementations will be discussed. Finally, practical applications derived from information are (ROS) during activity greatly influences This concludes that ROS play critical processes adaptation induced by resistance through reduction inflammatory mediators oxidative stress, as well appropriate molecular signaling. Additionally, it established micronutrients an important counteracting free radicals, such species, which cause effects recovery, for using supplements, vitamin C, E, resveratrol, coenzyme Q10, selenium, curcumin enhance mental well-being.

Language: Английский

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Erythrocyte metabolism

Acta Physiologica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 240(3)

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Abstract Our aim is to present an updated overview of the erythrocyte metabolism highlighting its richness and complexity. We have manually collected connected available biochemical pathways integrated them into a functional metabolic map. The focus this map on main consisting glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, redox metabolism, oxygen purine/nucleoside membrane transport. Other recently emerging are also curated, like methionine salvage glyoxalase system, carnitine lands cycle, as well remnants carboxylic acid metabolism. An additional goal review dynamics providing key numbers used perform basic quantitative analyses. By synthesizing experimental computational data, we conclude that foundations Additionally, can sense levels oxidative stress adjusting mechanics, function. In conclusion, fine‐tuning controls one most important biological processes, is, loading, transport, delivery.

Language: Английский

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