Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 293 - 342

Published: June 1, 2009

Abstract There is growing interest in the possible health threat posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are substances our environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting a deviation from normal homeostatic control reproduction. In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society, we present evidence endocrine disruptors have effects on male female reproduction, breast development cancer, prostate neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism obesity, cardiovascular endocrinology. Results animal models, human clinical observations, epidemiological studies converge to implicate EDCs as significant concern public health. mechanisms involve divergent pathways including (but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, retinoid, actions through other nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitter receptors systems; many highly conserved wildlife humans, can be modeled laboratory vitro vivo models. Furthermore, represent broad class molecules such organochlorinated pesticides industrial chemicals, plastics plasticizers, fuels, environment widespread use. We make number recommendations increase understanding EDCs, enhancing increased basic research, invoking precautionary principle, advocating involvement individual scientific society stakeholders communicating implementing changes policy awareness.

Language: Английский

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Hormones and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 378 - 455

Published: March 14, 2012

For decades, studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology, particular the dogma “the dose makes poison,” because EDCs can effects at low doses that are not predicted by higher doses. Here, we review two major EDC studies: and nonmonotonicity. Low-dose were defined National Toxicology Program as those occur range human exposures or observed below used for toxicological studies. We mechanistic data low-dose use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five examples from literature. Additionally, explore nonmonotonic dose-response curves, nonlinear relationship between effect where slope curve changes sign somewhere within examined. provide detailed discussion mechanisms responsible generating these phenomena, plus hundreds cell culture, animal, epidemiology illustrate responses remarkably common natural hormones EDCs. Whether influence certain disorders is no longer conjecture, epidemiological show environmental associated with diseases disabilities. conclude when curves occur, cannot be high Thus, fundamental chemical testing safety determination needed protect health.

Language: Английский

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Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA)

Reproductive Toxicology, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 139 - 177

Published: Aug. 1, 2007

Language: Английский

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EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. E1 - E150

Published: Nov. 6, 2015

The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions exposures animals humans—especially during development—may lay foundations for disease later life. At this point history, we have much stronger knowledge EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects exposed individuals as well their descendants. Causal links between exposure manifestation are substantiated by experimental animal models consistent with correlative epidemiological data humans. There several caveats because differences work is conducted can lead difficulties drawing broad conclusions, must continue be cautious inferring causality In second Statement, reviewed on subset topics which translational evidence strongest: 1) obesity diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male 4) hormone-sensitive cancers females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; 7) neurodevelopment neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria studies were those predominantly past 5 deemed high quality based appropriate negative positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size design, mammalian levels range that was relevant We also focused using developmental origins model. No report excluded effect exposure. bulk results across board strengthen endocrine health-related EDCs. Based more complete principles act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, vulnerability, these findings better translated human health. Armed information, researchers, physicians, other healthcare providers guide regulators policymakers they make responsible decisions.

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol A and human health: A review of the literature

Reproductive Toxicology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 132 - 155

Published: Aug. 30, 2013

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol-A and the Great Divide: A Review of Controversies in the Field of Endocrine Disruption

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 75 - 95

Published: Feb. 1, 2009

In 1991, a group of 21 scientists gathered at the Wingspread Conference Center to discuss evidence developmental alterations observed in wildlife populations after chemical exposures. There, term "endocrine disruptor" was agreed upon describe class chemicals including those that act as agonists and antagonists estrogen receptors (ERs), androgen receptor, thyroid hormone others. This definition has since evolved, field grown encompass hundreds chemicals. Despite significant advances study endocrine disruptors, several controversies have sprung up continue, debate over existence nonmonotonic dose response curves, mechanisms low-dose effects, importance considering critical periods exposure experimental design. One found ubiquitously our environment, bisphenol-A (BPA), received tremendous amount attention from research scientists, government panels, popular press. this review, we covered above-mentioned plus six additional issues divided BPA research, namely: 1) action; 2) levels human exposure; 3) routes 4) pharmacokinetic models metabolism; 5) effects on exposed animals; 6) links between cancer. Understanding these topics is essential for educating public medical professionals about potential risks associated with other design rigorously researched programs using both epidemiological animal studies, ultimately development sound health policy.

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 123(7), P. 643 - 650

Published: March 16, 2015

Increasing concern over bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and its possible effects on human health have prompted the removal of BPA from consumer products, often labeled "BPA-free." Some replacements, however, are also bisphenols may similar physiological in organisms. Bisphenol S (BPS) F (BPF) two such substitutes.This review was carried out to evaluate endocrine activities substitutes BPS BPF. Further, we compared hormonal potency BPF that BPA.We conducted a systematic based Office Health Assessment Translation (OHAT) protocol.We identified body literature date, consisting 32 studies (25 vitro only, 7 vivo). The majority these examined found their be same order magnitude action (estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic, antiandrogenic) vivo. has potencies estradiol membrane-mediated pathways, which important for cellular actions proliferation, differentiation, death. showed other vivo, altered organ weights, reproductive end points, enzyme expression.Based current literature, hormonally active BPA, they effects.Rochester JR, Bolden AL. 2015. F: comparison activity substitutes.

Language: Английский

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State-of-the-science of endocrine disrupting chemicals, 2012

Toxicology Letters, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 211, P. S3 - S3

Published: May 11, 2012

Language: Английский

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Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 118(8), P. 1055 - 1070

Published: March 25, 2010

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA thought be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that amount which humans exposed may cause adverse health effects. Importantly, results from a large number biomonitoring studies at odds with two toxicokinetic studies.We examined several possibilities for why could come seemingly conflicting conclusions.We > 80 published measured concentrations in tissues, urine, blood, other fluids, along metabolism.The included measurements thousands individuals different countries, these overwhelmingly detected individual adults, adolescents, children. Unconjugated was routinely blood (in nanograms per milliliter range), conjugated vast majority urine samples (also range). In stark contrast, proposed not internally BPA. Some regulatory agencies have relied solely on models their risk assessments.Available data clearly indicate general population internal unconjugated The suggested negligible significant deficiencies, directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, therefore reliable assessment purposes.

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol A – Sources, toxicity and biotransformation

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 738 - 758

Published: Feb. 8, 2014

Language: Английский

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