Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 293 - 342

Published: June 1, 2009

Abstract There is growing interest in the possible health threat posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are substances our environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting a deviation from normal homeostatic control reproduction. In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society, we present evidence endocrine disruptors have effects on male female reproduction, breast development cancer, prostate neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism obesity, cardiovascular endocrinology. Results animal models, human clinical observations, epidemiological studies converge to implicate EDCs as significant concern public health. mechanisms involve divergent pathways including (but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, retinoid, actions through other nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitter receptors systems; many highly conserved wildlife humans, can be modeled laboratory vitro vivo models. Furthermore, represent broad class molecules such organochlorinated pesticides industrial chemicals, plastics plasticizers, fuels, environment widespread use. We make number recommendations increase understanding EDCs, enhancing increased basic research, invoking precautionary principle, advocating involvement individual scientific society stakeholders communicating implementing changes policy awareness.

Language: Английский

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Hormones and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 378 - 455

Published: March 14, 2012

For decades, studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology, particular the dogma “the dose makes poison,” because EDCs can effects at low doses that are not predicted by higher doses. Here, we review two major EDC studies: and nonmonotonicity. Low-dose were defined National Toxicology Program as those occur range human exposures or observed below used for toxicological studies. We mechanistic data low-dose use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five examples from literature. Additionally, explore nonmonotonic dose-response curves, nonlinear relationship between effect where slope curve changes sign somewhere within examined. provide detailed discussion mechanisms responsible generating these phenomena, plus hundreds cell culture, animal, epidemiology illustrate responses remarkably common natural hormones EDCs. Whether influence certain disorders is no longer conjecture, epidemiological show environmental associated with diseases disabilities. conclude when curves occur, cannot be high Thus, fundamental chemical testing safety determination needed protect health.

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol A and human health: A review of the literature

Reproductive Toxicology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 132 - 155

Published: Aug. 30, 2013

Language: Английский

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Association of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration With Medical Disorders and Laboratory Abnormalities in Adults

JAMA, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 300(11), P. 1303 - 1303

Published: Sept. 16, 2008

Context

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in epoxy resins lining food and beverage containers. Evidence of effects animals has generated concern over low-level chronic exposures humans.

Objective

To examine associations between urinary BPA concentrations adult health status.

Design, Setting, Participants

Cross-sectional analysis status the general population United States, using data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Participants were 1455 adults aged 18 through 74 years with measured urine creatinine concentrations. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, concentration. The sample provided 80% power to detect unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) 1.4 diagnoses 5% prevalence per 1-SD change concentration, or standardized regression coefficients 0.075 liver enzyme concentrations, at a significance level P < .05.

Main Outcome Measures

Chronic disease plus blood markers function, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, lipid changes.

Results

Higher associated cardiovascular age-, sex-, fully (OR increase 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.63; = .001 full adjustment). Higher also diabetes 1.21-1.60; .001) but not other studied common diseases. In addition, higher clinically abnormal enzymes γ-glutamyltransferase 1.29; CI, 1.14-1.46; alkaline phosphatase 1.48; 1.18-1.85; .002).

Conclusion

Higher exposure, reflected BPA, may be avoidable morbidity community-dwelling population.Published online September 16, 2008 (doi:10.1001/jama.300.11.1303).

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol Analogues Other Than BPA: Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Toxicity—A Review

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 50(11), P. 5438 - 5453

Published: May 4, 2016

Numerous studies have investigated the environmental occurrence, human exposure, and toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA). Following stringent regulations on production usage BPA, several analogues been produced as a replacement for BPA in various applications. The present review outlines current state knowledge occurrence (other than BPA) environment, consumer products foodstuffs, exposure biomonitoring, toxicity. Whereas was still major analogue found most monitoring studies, BPF BPS were also frequently detected. Elevated concentrations BPAF, BPF, (i.e., similar to or greater that reported abiotic environment urine from some regions. Many exhibit endocrine disrupting effects, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, dioxin-like neurotoxicity laboratory studies. BPB, shown estrogenic and/or antiandrogenic activities even BPA. Knowledge gaps research needs identified, which include elucidation occurrences, persistence, fate BPA), sources pathways effects systems mammary gland, mechanisms coexposure multiple analogues, metabolic products, impact modification

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol-A and the Great Divide: A Review of Controversies in the Field of Endocrine Disruption

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 75 - 95

Published: Feb. 1, 2009

In 1991, a group of 21 scientists gathered at the Wingspread Conference Center to discuss evidence developmental alterations observed in wildlife populations after chemical exposures. There, term "endocrine disruptor" was agreed upon describe class chemicals including those that act as agonists and antagonists estrogen receptors (ERs), androgen receptor, thyroid hormone others. This definition has since evolved, field grown encompass hundreds chemicals. Despite significant advances study endocrine disruptors, several controversies have sprung up continue, debate over existence nonmonotonic dose response curves, mechanisms low-dose effects, importance considering critical periods exposure experimental design. One found ubiquitously our environment, bisphenol-A (BPA), received tremendous amount attention from research scientists, government panels, popular press. this review, we covered above-mentioned plus six additional issues divided BPA research, namely: 1) action; 2) levels human exposure; 3) routes 4) pharmacokinetic models metabolism; 5) effects on exposed animals; 6) links between cancer. Understanding these topics is essential for educating public medical professionals about potential risks associated with other design rigorously researched programs using both epidemiological animal studies, ultimately development sound health policy.

Language: Английский

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Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 118(8), P. 1055 - 1070

Published: March 25, 2010

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA thought be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that amount which humans exposed may cause adverse health effects. Importantly, results from a large number biomonitoring studies at odds with two toxicokinetic studies.We examined several possibilities for why could come seemingly conflicting conclusions.We > 80 published measured concentrations in tissues, urine, blood, other fluids, along metabolism.The included measurements thousands individuals different countries, these overwhelmingly detected individual adults, adolescents, children. Unconjugated was routinely blood (in nanograms per milliliter range), conjugated vast majority urine samples (also range). In stark contrast, proposed not internally BPA. Some regulatory agencies have relied solely on models their risk assessments.Available data clearly indicate general population internal unconjugated The suggested negligible significant deficiencies, directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, therefore reliable assessment purposes.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine Disruptors: From Endocrine to Metabolic Disruption

Annual Review of Physiology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 135 - 162

Published: Feb. 11, 2011

Synthetic chemicals currently used in a variety of industrial and agricultural applications are leading to widespread contamination the environment. Even though intended uses pesticides, plasticizers, antimicrobials, flame retardants beneficial, effects on human health global concern. These so-called endocrine-disrupting (EDCs) can disrupt hormonal balance result developmental reproductive abnormalities. New vitro, vivo, epidemiological studies link EDC exposure with obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes. Here we review main chemical compounds that may contribute disruption. We then present their demonstrated or suggested mechanisms action respect nuclear receptor signaling. Finally, discuss difficulties fairly assessing risks linked exposure, including problems high- low-dose complexity current environments.

Language: Английский

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The Complex Interaction between Marine Debris and Toxic Chemicals in the Ocean

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 46(22), P. 12302 - 12315

Published: Oct. 22, 2012

Marine debris, especially plastic is widely recognized as a global environmental problem. There has been substantial research on the impacts of marine such entanglement and ingestion. These are largely due to physical presence debris. In recent years there an increasing focus toxic chemicals they relate Some debris acts source chemicals: substances that were added during manufacturing leach from Plastic also sink for chemicals. sorbs persistent, bioaccumulative, (PBTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dioxins, water or sediment. PBTs may desorb when ingested by any variety species. This broad look at current suggests while significant uncertainty complexity in kinetics thermodynamics interaction, appears act vector transferring food web, risk throughout including humans. Because extremely long lifetime ocean, prevention strategies vital minimizing these risks.

Language: Английский

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Components of plastic: experimental studies in animals and relevance for human health

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 364(1526), P. 2079 - 2096

Published: June 15, 2009

Components used in plastics, such as phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol (TBBPA), are detected humans. In addition to their utility an inadvertent characteristic of these chemicals is the ability alter endocrine system. Phthalates function anti-androgens while main action attributed BPA oestrogen-like activity. PBDE TBBPA have been shown disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis PBDEs also exhibit anti-androgen action. Experimental investigations animals indicate a wide variety effects associated with exposure compounds, causing concern regarding potential risk human health. For example, spectrum following perinatal male rats phthalates has remarkable similarities testicular dysgenesis syndrome Concentrations foetal mouse within range unconjugated levels observed blood produced animal experiments. Finally, hormones essential for normal neurological development reproductive function. Human body burdens high prevalence, concentrations young children, group particularly sensitive exogenous insults, typically higher, indicating need decrease compounds.

Language: Английский

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