Chinese Journal of Chromatography,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
41(11), P. 1021 - 1029
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Organophosphorus
flame
retardants
(OPFRs)
have
emerged
as
good
alternatives
to
brominated
retardants,
the
use
of
which
is
globally
restricted.
In
this
study,
a
screening
method
based
on
QuEChERS-gas
chromatography-quadrupole
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometry
(GC-Q-TOF/MS)
was
established
for
determination
21
OPFRs
in
rice.
First,
full
scan
(scanning
range,
m/z
50-450)
performed
with
mixed
standard
solution
(0.1
μg/g)
by
GC-Q-TOF/MS.
The
fragmentation
pathways
these
were
then
investigated
explore
their
cleavage
fragments,
interrelationships
among
and
possible
modes
alkylated,
chlorinated,
aromatic
OPFRs.
retention
times,
isotopic
abundance
ratios,
molecular
formulas
characteristic
fragments
well
exact
compounds
obtained
establish
spectral
library
Rice
samples
extracted
purified
QuEChERS
method,
0.5%
formate
acetonitrile
used
extraction
solvent;
4
g
magnesium
sulfate,
1
sodium
chloride,
0.5
disodium
hydrogen
citrate,
citrate
extraction-salt
combination;
50
mg
primary
secondary
amine
(PSA),
octadecylsilane
(C18),
150
sulfate
purification
materials.
chromatographic
separation
completed
within
16
min
under
optimized
temperature
program
conditions
DB-5MS
UI
column.
parameters
optimized,
following
conditions:
number
fragment
ions
≥2;
accurate
window=±2×10-5
(±20
ppm);
time
deviation=±0.2
min,
ion
deviation<20%.
developed
applied
samples.
results
indicated
that
matrix
interference
greatly
reduced
decreasing
window,
thereby
improving
signal-to-noise
ratio
analytes.
targets
from
background
noise
using
deconvolution
software,
improved
match
between
target
library.
detection
rates
alkyl
increased
22%
25%,
respectively,
when
spiking
level
2
10
ng/g.
Among
chlorinated
OPFRs,
only
tris(2-chloroisopropyl)
phosphate
(TCIPP)
not
detected
at
ng/g,
indicating
could
be
identified
even
low
concentrations.
matched
those
home-made
well,
practical
application
rice
different
regions
China.
A
total
11
detected,
trimethyl
(TMP),
tri-iso-butyl
(TiBP),
tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl)
(T35DMPP)
had
highest
rates.
These
indicate
three
are
widely
can
easily
come
into
contact
through
various
routes.
Differences
types
actual
may
related
produced
local
factories.
GC-Q-TOF/MS
helpful
identification
complex
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
186, P. 108613 - 108613
Published: March 28, 2024
Synthetic
antioxidants
(AOs)
are
commonly
used
in
everyday
items
and
industrial
products
to
inhibit
oxidative
deterioration.
However,
the
presence
of
AOs
food
packaging
packaged
foods
has
not
been
thoroughly
documented.
Moreover,
studies
on
human
exposure
through
skin
contact
with
or
ingesting
limited.
In
this
study,
we
analyzed
twenty-three
AOs—including
synthetic
phenolic
(SPAs)
organophosphite
(OPAs)—along
six
transformation
various
samples
their
materials.
We
found
at
concentrations
ranging
from
1.30
×
103
1.77
105
ng/g,
which
exceeded
levels
both
outer
(6.05
102–3.07
104
ng/g)
inner
(2.27
102–1.09
ng/g).
The
most
common
detected
foodstuffs
were
tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)
phosphate
(AO168O),
butylated
hydroxytoluene
(BHT),
octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
(AO1076),
together
constituting
95.7
%
total
found.
Our
preliminary
assessment
revealed
that
dietary
exposure—estimated
a
median
2.55
ng/kg
body
weight/day
for
children
1.24
adults—is
more
significant
route
than
dermal
packaging.
Notably,
four
identified
first
time,
BHT
making
up
76.8
67.6
intake
adults,
respectively.
These
findings
suggest
consumption
is
source
exposure.
estimated
daily
intakes
via
compared
recommended
acceptable
assess
risks.
This
systematic
investigation
into
contributes
understanding
potential
health
risks
associated
foods.
It
emphasizes
need
further
evaluation
these
substances.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(18), P. 7109 - 7128
Published: April 20, 2023
Organophosphate
flame
retardants
(OPFRs)
are
found
in
various
environmental
matrixes
and
human
samples.
Exposure
to
OPFRs
during
gestation
may
interfere
with
pregnancy,
for
example,
inducing
maternal
oxidative
stress
hypertension
interfering
fetal
thyroid
hormone
secretion
neurodevelopment,
causing
metabolic
abnormalities.
However,
the
consequences
of
OPFR
exposure
on
pregnant
women,
impact
mother-to-child
transmission
OPFRs,
harmful
effects
pregnancy
outcomes
have
not
been
evaluated.
This
review
describes
women
worldwide,
based
metabolites
(mOPs)
urine
prenatal
breast
milk
postnatal
exposure.
Predictors
variability
mOPs
discussed.
Mother-to-child
pathways
scrutinized,
considering
levels
their
amniotic
fluid,
placenta,
deciduae,
chorionic
villi,
cord
blood.
The
results
showed
that
bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)
phosphate
(BDCIPP)
diphenyl
(DPHP)
were
two
predominant
urine,
detection
frequencies
>90%.
estimated
daily
intake
(EDIM)
indicates
low
risk
when
infants
exposed
from
milk.
Furthermore,
higher
increase
adverse
influence
developmental
behavior
infants.
summarizes
knowledge
gaps
highlights
crucial
steps
assessing
health
risks
susceptible
populations,
such
as
fetuses.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
897, P. 165272 - 165272
Published: July 3, 2023
Flame
retardants
(FRs)
are
chemical
substances
used
to
inhibit
the
spread
of
fire
in
numerous
industrial
applications,
and
their
abundance
modern
manufactured
products
indoor
outdoor
environment
leads
extensive
direct
food
chain
exposure
humans.
Although
once
considered
relatively
non-toxic,
FRs
demonstrated
by
recent
literature
have
disruptive
effects
on
many
biological
processes,
including
signaling
pathways,
genome
stability,
reproduction,
immune
system
function.
This
review
provides
a
summary
research
investigating
impact
major
groups
FRs,
halogenated
organophosphorus
animals
humans
vitro
and/or
vivo.
We
put
focus
those
studies
that
explained
or
referenced
modes
FR
action
at
level
cells,
tissues
organs.
Since
highly
hydrophobic
chemicals,
biophysical
biochemical
usually
involve
lipophilic
interactions,
e.g.
with
membranes
elements
pathways.
present
selected
toxicological
information
about
these
molecular
actions
show
how
they
can
lead
damaging
membrane
integrity,
DNA
compromising
its
repair,
changing
gene
expression,
cell
cycle
as
well
accelerating
death.
Moreover,
we
indicate
this
translates
deleterious
bioactivity
physiological
level,
disruption
hormonal
action,
dysregulation
metabolism,
adverse
male
female
reproduction
alteration
normal
pattern
immunity.
Concentrating
subjects,
make
clear
both
advances
knowledge
years
remaining
gaps
our
understanding,
especially
mechanistic
level.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 109437 - 109437
Published: April 1, 2025
Studies
on
dietary
exposure
to
organophosphate
esters
(OPEs)
and
diesters
(di-OPEs)
are
limited,
especially
regarding
di-OPEs
their
presence
in
raw
grains,
which
fundamental
staples
of
the
human
diet.
In
this
study,
18
OPEs
8
were
measured
289
grain
samples
from
13
major
grain-producing
regions
China
belonging
four
types:
wheat,
rice,
maize,
soybean.
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)
phosphate
(TCIPP)
tris(2-ethylhexyl)
(TEHP)
dominant
OPEs,
while
bis(2-ethylhexyl)
(BEHP)
was
main
di-OPE.
The
highest
concentrations
both
∑OPEs
∑di-OPEs
observed
soybean
(median:
14.9
1.87
ng/g,
respectively),
followed
by
wheat
(4.79
1.69
ng/g),
maize
(2.63
1.10
rice
(2.37
0.726
ng/g).
regional
distribution
relatively
homogeneous.
significantly
higher
Sichuan
Shandong
provinces,
whereas
spatial
patterns
differed,
suggesting
separate
sources
for
di-OPEs.
Soil
type,
straw
turnover,
pesticide
use
could
affect
TEHP,
tri(2-chloroethyl)
(TCEP),
triethyl
(TEP)
respectively.
Except
TEHP
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)
(TDCPP),
whose
similar
polished
other
accounted
only
1.9-36
%
those
reported
previously,
indicating
industrial
processing
as
source
these
marketed
grains.
estimated
daily
intake
through
consumption
25.0-40.4
ng/kg
bw/d
7.55-11.7
bw/d,
respectively,
primarily
contributed
than
dust
ingestion
drinking
water,
that
is
exposure.
Di-OPEs
directly
ingested
grains
derived
metabolism
parent
implying
estimating
OPE
based
internal
di-OPE
levels
inaccurate
warrants
further
research.
