European Journal of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
54(12)
Published: Sept. 9, 2024
In
vitro
cultures
remain
crucial
for
studying
the
fundamental
mechanisms
of
human
T-cell
development.
Here,
we
introduce
a
novel
in
cultivation
system
based
on
ThymoSpheres
(TS):
dense
spheroids
consisting
DLL4-expressing
stromal
cells
and
hematopoietic
precursor
cells,
absence
thymic
epithelial
cells.
These
are
subsequently
cultured
at
air-liquid
interphase.
TS
generate
large
numbers
mature
T
easy
to
manipulate,
scalable,
can
be
repeatably
sampled
monitor
differentiation.
The
generated
from
primary
were
extensively
characterized
using
single-cell
RNA
combined
receptor
(TCR)
sequencing.
predominantly
CD8α
exhibit
transcriptional
TCR
CDR3
characteristics
similar
recently
described
polyclonal
αβ
unconventional
cell
(UTC)
lineage.
This
includes
expression
hallmark
genes
associated
with
agonist
selection,
such
as
IKZF2
(Helios),
various
natural
killer
receptors.
repertoire
these
UTCs
is
enriched
CDR3-associated
autoreactive
features
early
rearrangements
TCR-α
chain.
conclusion,
offer
an
intriguing
platform
study
development
this
UTC
lineage
its
inducing
selection
mechanisms.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Feb. 23, 2023
Mucosal
associated
invariant
T
(MAIT)
cells
are
innate-like
lymphocytes,
strikingly
enriched
at
mucosal
surfaces
and
characterized
by
a
semi-invariant
αβ
cell
receptor
(TCR)
recognizing
microbial
derived
intermediates
of
riboflavin
synthesis
presented
the
MHC-Ib
molecule
MR1.
At
barrier
sites
MAIT
occupy
prime
position
for
interaction
with
commensal
microorganisms,
comprising
microbiota.
The
microbiota
is
rich
source
antigens
required
in
early
life
to
promote
intra-thymic
development
sustain
life-long
population
tissue
resident
cells.
A
symbiotic
relationship
thought
be
maintained
health
whereby
microbes
maturation
homeostasis,
turn
can
engage
TCR-dependent
"tissue
repair"
program
presence
organisms
conducive
sustaining
function
integrity
community.
activation
induced
MR1-TCR
dependent
manner
or
through
independent
mechanisms
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: May 23, 2025
Introduction
Sepsis
associated
acute
respiratory
distress
syndrome
(ARDS),
is
a
life-threatening
condition
characterized
by
severe
pulmonary
inflammation.
Previous
research
has
suggested
that
allergic
immune
diseases
are
with
lower
risk
of
sepsis.
Therefore,
we
hypothesized
certain
molecules
involved
in
type
2
inflammation
beneficial
for
the
outcome
sepsis
ARDS.
Thymic
stromal
lymphopoietin
(TSLP)
known
to
promote
Th2
responses
disease,
however,
its
role
ARDS
remains
limited.
Methods
To
investigate
TSLP
lung
injury,
administered
exogenous
recombinant
wild-type
mice,
followed
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
challenge.
At
24
hours
post-treatment,
bronchoalveolar
lavage
fluid
(BALF)
and
tissues
were
collected
analysis.
The
ratio,
number,
phenotype,
function
cells
cytokine
levels
measured.
Additionally,
murine
bone
marrow-derived
macrophages
(BMDMs)
prepared
stimulated
LPS
further
verify
our
findings
experimentally.
explore
molecular
mechanisms
TSLP’s
effect,
analysis
transcriptome
sequencing
single-cell
subsequent
experiments
performed.
Results
In
LPS-induced
injury
models,
pretreatment
significantly
alleviated
suppressed
inflammatory
cytokines
secretion,
reduced
neutrophils
infiltration.
addition,
treatment
inhibited
M1
macrophage
polarization
promoted
M2
differentiation.
Transcriptome
IFN-γ
as
potential
target
TSLP,
showed
innate
like
T
important
source
IFN-γ.
Consistently,
flow
cytometry
proportion
IFN-γ-producing
iNKT
was
decreased
administration
model.
Intriguingly,
Jα18
−/−
which
completely
deficient
invariant
natural
killer
(iNKT)
cells,
exhibited
not
only
less
but
also
notably
higher
degree
anti-inflammatory
Arg1
+
infiltration
when
compared
their
LPS-sensitized
counterparts.
Conclusions
These
underscore
crucial
regulation
sepsis-associated
demonstrate
clinical
value
both
predictive
biomarker
early
detection
therapeutic
intervention.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
55(6), P. 1090 - 1098
Published: June 1, 2023
Abstract
Invariant
natural
killer
T
(
i
NKT)
cells
are
thymus-generated
innate-like
αβ
that
undergo
terminal
differentiation
in
the
thymus.
Such
a
developmental
pathway
differs
from
of
conventional
cells,
which
generated
thymus
but
complete
their
functional
maturation
peripheral
tissues.
Multiple
subsets
NKT
have
been
described,
among
IL-17-producing
commonly
referred
to
as
NKT17
cells.
IL-17
is
considered
proinflammatory
cytokine
can
play
both
protective
and
pathogenic
roles
has
implicated
key
regulatory
factor
many
disease
settings.
Akin
other
subsets,
acquire
effector
function
during
thymic
development.
However,
cellular
mechanisms
drive
subset
specification,
how
general
prior
antigen
encounter,
remain
largely
unknown.
Considering
all
express
canonical
Vα14-Jα18
TCRα
chain
display
same
ligand
specificity,
i.e.,
glycolipid
antigens
context
nonclassical
MHC-I
molecule
CD1d,
conundrum
explaining
cell
specification
determined.
Mapping
molecular
circuitry
differentiation,
combined
with
discovery
markers
identify
provided
new
insights
into
The
current
review
aims
highlight
recent
advances
our
understanding
development
place
these
findings
larger
differentiation.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(14)
Published: March 26, 2024
How
T-cell
receptor
(TCR)
characteristics
determine
subset
commitment
during
development
is
still
unclear.
Here,
we
addressed
this
question
for
innate-like
T
cells,
mucosal-associated
invariant
(MAIT)
and
natural
killer
(iNKT)
cells.
MAIT
iNKT
cells
have
similar
developmental
paths,
leading
in
mice
to
two
effector
subsets,
cytotoxic
(MAIT1/iNKT1)
IL17-secreting
(MAIT17/iNKT17).
For
iNKT1
vs
iNKT17
fate
choice,
an
instructive
role
TCR
affinity
was
proposed
but
recent
data
argue
against
model.
Herein,
examined
through
scRNAseq
repertoire
analysis.
In
our
dataset
of
thymic
found
pairs
clones
with
identical
amino
acid
sequences
originating
from
distinct
precursors,
one
which
committed
MAIT1
the
other
MAIT17
fates.
Quantitative
silico
simulations
indicated
that
number
such
cases
best
explained
by
lineage
choice
being
independent
characteristics.
Comparison
features
clonotypes
demonstrated
subsets
cannot
be
distinguished
based
on
sequence.
To
pinpoint
stage
associated
sublineage
proliferation
takes
place
both
before
after
commitment.
Altogether,
propose
a
model
cell
noncommitted,
intermediate-stage
undergo
first
round
proliferation,
followed
characteristics-independent
or
lineage,
additional
proliferation.
Reanalyzing
published
dataset,
showed
also
relevant
development.
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Abstract
Type
1
diabetes
(T1D)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
disease
characterized
by
T
cell‐mediated
pancreatic
β
cell
loss,
resulting
in
lifelong
absolute
insulin
deficiency
and
hyperglycaemia.
Environmental
factors
are
recognized
as
key
contributor
to
the
development
of
T1D,
with
gut
serving
primary
interface
for
environmental
stimuli.
Recent
studies
have
revealed
that
alterations
intestinal
microenvironment
profoundly
affect
host
immune
responses,
contributing
aetiology
pathogenesis
T1D.
However,
dominant
cells
underlying
mechanisms
remain
incompletely
elucidated.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
possible
mucosal
system
underpin
shedding
light
on
roles
both
non‐classical
classical
Our
goal
gain
insights
into
how
modulating
these
components
may
hold
potential
implications
T1D
prevention
novel
perspectives
immune‐mediated
therapy.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(3), P. 539 - 539
Published: Feb. 24, 2023
Messenger
ribonucleic
acid
(RNA)
vaccines
are
mainly
used
as
SARS-CoV-2
vaccines.
Despite
several
issues
concerning
storage,
stability,
effective
period,
and
side
effects,
viral
vector
widely
for
the
prevention
treatment
of
various
diseases.
Recently,
vector-encapsulated
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
been
suggested
useful
tools,
owing
to
their
safety
ability
escape
from
neutral
antibodies.
Herein,
we
summarize
possible
cellular
mechanisms
underlying
EV-based
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
Abstract
Background
&
aims
Lymphocytes
that
produce
IL-17
can
confer
protective
immunity
during
infections
by
pathogens,
yet
their
involvement
in
inflammatory
diseases
is
a
subject
of
debate.
Although
these
cells
may
perpetuate
inflammation,
resulting
tissue
damage,
they
are
also
capable
contributing
directly
or
indirectly
to
repair,
thus
necessitating
more
detailed
investigation.
Mucosal-Associated-Invariant-T
(MAIT)
innate-like
T
cells,
acquiring
type
III
phenotype
the
thymus.
Here,
we
dissected
role
MAIT
vivo
using
spontaneous
colitis
model
genetically
diverse
mouse
strain.
Methods
Multiparameter
spectral
flow
cytometry
and
scRNAseq
were
used
characterize
immune
cell
dynamics
transcriptomic
signatures
respectively,
collaborative-cross
strain,
CC011/Unc
CC011/Unc-
Traj33
-/-
.
Results
In
contrast
many
conventional
laboratory
strains,
CC011
strain
harbors
high
baseline
population
cells.
We
observed
an
age-related
increase
colonic
Th17
regulatory
neutrophils,
which
paralleled
development
colitis.
This
progression
manifested
histological
traits
reminiscent
human
IBD.
The
analysis
from
revealed
activation
profile
consistent
with
milieu,
marked
enhanced
type-III
response.
Notably,
IL-17A
was
abundantly
secreted
colons
afflicted
mice.
Conversely,
cell-deficient
CC011-Traj33−/−
mice,
there
notable
absence
significant
histopathology.
Furthermore,
myeloperoxidase
staining
indicated
substantial
decrease
neutrophils.
Conclusions
Our
findings
suggest
play
pivotal
modulating
severity
intestinal
pathology,
potentially
orchestrating
process
driving
accumulation
neutrophils
within
environment.