Circadian disruption and human health

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131(19)

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Circadian disruption is pervasive and can occur at multiple organizational levels, contributing to poor health outcomes individual population levels. Evidence points a bidirectional relationship, in that circadian increases disease severity many diseases disrupt rhythms. Importantly, increase the risk for expression development of neurologic, psychiatric, cardiometabolic, immune disorders. Thus, harnessing rich findings from preclinical translational research biology enhance via circadian-based approaches represents unique opportunity personalized/precision medicine overall societal well-being. In this Review, we discuss implications human using bench-to-bedside approach. science applied clinical population-based Given broad regulation health, Review focuses its discussion on selected examples metabolic, cardiovascular, allergic, immunologic disorders highlight interrelatedness between potential interventions, such as bright light therapy exogenous melatonin, well chronotherapy improve and/or modify outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 3 - 28

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

The various non-standard schedules required of shift workers force abrupt changes in the timing sleep and light-dark exposure. These result disturbances endogenous circadian system its misalignment with environment. Simulated night-shift experiments field-based studies both indicate that is resistant to adaptation from a day- night-oriented schedule, as determined by lack substantial phase shifts over multiple days centrally controlled rhythms, such those melatonin cortisol. There evidence disruption caused work results not only between external cycle, but also state internal desynchronization levels system. This case rhythms central pacemaker clock genes expression tissues peripheral blood mononuclear cells, hair follicle oral mucosa cells. disruptive effects atypical extend beyond profile canonical affects other transcripts human genome. In general, after several living at night, most rhythmic genome remain adjusted day-oriented dampened group amplitudes. contrast transcripts, metabolomics revealed metabolites hours when working nights, thus leading their Altogether, these sleep-wake emphasize all-encompassing impact work, can contribute increased risk medical conditions. Here, we review latest scientific regarding on system, alertness shift-working populations, discuss potential clinical impacts.

Language: Английский

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Shift work and the risk for metabolic syndrome among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(10)

Published: June 22, 2022

Summary Shift work, defined as work occurring outside typical daytime working hours, is associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) due to several biological and environmental changes. The MetS refers the clustering of known cardiovascular factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension. This systematic review aims evaluate literature on association between shift in employees health sector. A search was conducted PubMed, Web Science, Scopus databases using appropriate keywords studies published before September 1, 2021. Eligible were those that compared prevalence day healthcare workers; had a cross‐sectional, case–control, or cohort study design; provided sufficient data calculating odds ratios relative risks 95% confidence intervals; articles English. Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool used quality analysis. Risk related measures effect size retrieved from meta‐analysis. Twelve met criteria inclusion Sample sizes ranged 42 738, age range subjects 18 65 years. Ten demonstrated high methodological quality, while two average quality. out 12 higher workers developing than workers. pooled OR based 2.17 (95% CI = 1.31–3.60, P 0.003; I 2 82%, < 0.001). exhibited more twofold increase chance comparison

Language: Английский

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Associations between circadian disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk: A review

Obesity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 615 - 624

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract The human circadian system plays a vital role in many physiological processes, and rhythms are found virtually all tissues organs. disruption of may lead to adverse health outcomes. Evidence from recent population‐based studies was reviewed because they represent real‐world behavior can be useful developing future reduce the risk conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, which occur disruption. An electronic search PubMed Web Science (2012–2022) performed. Selected articles were based on specific inclusion exclusion criteria. Five factors that disrupt rhythm alignment discussed: shift work, late chronotype, sleep timing, irregularity, meal timing. observational these disruptors suggests potential detrimental effects cardiometabolic health, higher BMI/obesity, blood pressure, greater dyslipidemia, inflammation, diabetes. Future research should identify underlying pathways order mitigate consequences work. Furthermore, optimal mealtimes for metabolic explored intervention studies. Lastly, it is important timing external environmental cues (such as light) behaviors influence managed.

Language: Английский

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Circadian Clock and Hypoxia

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134(6), P. 618 - 634

Published: March 14, 2024

The timing of life on Earth is remarkable: between individuals the same species, a highly similar temporal pattern observed, with shared periods activity and inactivity each day. At individual level, this means that over course single day, person alternates two states. They are either upright, active, communicative or they lie down in state (un)consciousness called sleep where even characteristic neuronal signals brain shows distinctive properties. circadian clock governs both these time stamps-activity (apparent) inactivity-making them come go consistently at approximate This behavior thus represents meeting pervasive systems: metabolism. In article, we will describe what known about how anticipates daily changes oxygen usage, regulation may relate to normal physiology, hypoxia ischemia can result from pathologies such as myocardial infarction stroke.

Language: Английский

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The circadian clock and diseases of the skin

FEBS Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 595(19), P. 2413 - 2436

Published: Sept. 18, 2021

Organisms have an evolutionarily conserved internal rhythm that helps them anticipate and adapt to daily changes in the environment. Synchronized light–dark cycle with a period of around 24 hours, timing circadian clock is set by light‐triggering signals sent from retina suprachiasmatic nucleus. Other inputs, including food intake, exercise, temperature, also affect clocks peripheral tissues, skin. Here, we review intricate interplay between core network fundamental physiological processes skin such as homeostasis, regeneration, immune‐ stress responses. We illustrate effect feeding time on functions, previously overlooked area research. then discuss works relate its disruption diseases, cancer, sunburn, hair loss, aging, infections, inflammatory wound healing. Finally, highlight promise medicine for disease prevention management.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 4178 - 4178

Published: Nov. 22, 2021

Energy metabolism is tightly linked with circadian rhythms, exposure to ambient light, sleep/wake, fasting/eating, and rest/activity cycles. External factors, such as shift work, lead a disruption of these often called misalignment. Circadian misalignment has an impact on some physiological markers. However, proxy measurements do not immediately translate into major clinical health outcomes, shown by later detrimental effects work cardio-metabolic disorders. This review focuses the rhythms its implications in disorders eating patterns. Shift appears be risk factor overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, metabolic syndrome. past studies showed discordant findings regarding changes lipid profile Most were either small short lab studies, or bigger longer cohort which could measure outcomes detailed manner. These two designs explain heterogeneity schedules, occupations, sample size, methods across studies. Given burden non-communicable diseases growing concerns about workers’ health, novel approaches study real contexts are needed would allow better understanding interlocked factors potential mechanisms involved onset

Language: Английский

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Reciprocal Interactions between Circadian Clocks, Food Intake, and Energy Metabolism

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 539 - 539

Published: March 31, 2023

Like other biological functions, food intake and energy metabolism display daily rhythms controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises a main clock numerous secondary clocks in brain peripheral tissues. Each delivers local temporal cues based on intracellular transcriptional translational feedback loops are tightly interconnected to nutrient-sensing pathways. Genetic impairment of molecular alteration rhythmic synchronizing cues, such as ambient light at night or mistimed meals, lead disruption that, turn, negatively impacts metabolic health. Not all sensitive same signals. The master suprachiasmatic nuclei hypothalamus is mostly synchronized and, lesser extent, behavioral coupled arousal exercise. Secondary generally phase-shifted timed associated with feeding, exercise, changes temperature. Furthermore, both modulated calorie restriction high-fat feeding. Taking into account regularity duration eating periods, chronotype, sex, chrononutritional strategies may be useful for improving robustness rhythmicity maintaining even restoring appropriate balance.

Language: Английский

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Impaired Melatonin Secretion, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Night Shift Work

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 959 - 959

Published: April 19, 2023

Metabolic syndrome has been associated in many studies with working shifts. Even if the mechanistic details are not fully understood, forced sleep deprivation and exposure to light, as happens during night shifts, or irregular schedules late very early onset of program, lead a sleep–wake rhythm misalignment, metabolic dysregulation oxidative stress. The cyclic melatonin secretion is regulated by hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei light exposure. At central level, promotes inhibits wake-signals. Beside this role, acts an antioxidant influences functionality cardiovascular system different processes. This review presents data about influence shifts on Assembling from epidemiological, experimental clinical contributes better understanding pathological links between chronodisruption related

Language: Английский

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The association between social jetlag and parameters of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Journal of Sleep Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(3)

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Summary This study aims to determine the association between social jetlag and parameters of metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a systematic review meta‐analysis. A literature search was conducted PubMed/Embase/Scopus until May 2022. Included studies described an and/or T2D, were available full text written English or Dutch. Data extraction quality assessment performed on pre‐piloted forms independently by two reviewers. Results meta‐analysed using random‐effects analysis. total 6,290 titles/abstracts screened, 176 papers read full‐text, 68 included. Three rated as low quality, 27 moderate, 38 high quality. High showed that having compared no significantly associated with higher body mass index 20 (0.49 kg/m , 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.77; I = 100%), waist circumference seven (1.11 cm, CI 0.42–1.80; 25%), systolic blood pressure 10 (0.37 mmHg, 0.00–0.74; 94%) glycated haemoglobin 12 (0.42%, 0.12– 0.72; 100%). No statistically significant associations found for obesity, abdominal high‐ low‐density lipoprotein levels, cholesterol, triglycerides, diastolic pressure, hypertension, fasting glucose, homeostatic model insulin resistance, T2D. Sensitivity analyses did not reduce heterogeneity. Despite substantial heterogeneity, is certain but prevalent These findings should be interpreted caution level evidence mostly based cross‐sectional data. Longitudinal are needed further assess direction causality.

Language: Английский

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