Diagnostics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 2854 - 2854
Published: Nov. 18, 2022
The
continued
circulation
of
SARS-CoV-2
virus
in
different
parts
the
world
opens
up
possibility
for
more
virulent
variants
to
evolve
even
as
coronavirus
disease
2019
transitions
from
pandemic
endemic.
Highly
transmissible
and
may
seed
new
disruptive
epidemic
waves
that
can
easily
put
healthcare
system
under
tremendous
pressure.
Despite
various
nucleic
acid-based
diagnostic
tests
are
now
commercially
available,
wide
applications
these
largely
hampered
by
specialized
equipment
requirements
not
be
readily
accessible
affordable
less
developed
countries
or
low
resource
settings.
Hence,
availability
lateral
flow
immunoassays
(LFIs),
which
serve
a
tool
detecting
antigen
serological
measuring
host
immune
response,
is
highly
appealing.
LFI
rapid,
cost,
equipment-free,
scalable
mass
production
ideal
point-of-care
In
this
review,
we
first
summarize
principle
assay
format
LFIs
with
emphasis
on
those
were
granted
emergency
use
authorization
US
Food
Drug
Administration
followed
discussion
specimen
type,
marker
selection
performance.
We
conclude
an
overview
challenges
future
perspective
applications.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(24), P. 8500 - 8530
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
review
explores
various
point-of-care
optical
diagnostic
systems
combined
with
microdevices
developed
during
the
recent
COVID-19
pandemic
for
clinical
diagnostics.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 408 - 408
Published: Feb. 10, 2023
The
coronavirus
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
was
caused
by
a
positive
sense
single-stranded
RNA
(ssRNA)
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2).
However,
other
human
coronaviruses
(hCoVs)
exist.
Historical
pandemics
include
smallpox
and
influenza,
with
efficacious
therapeutics
utilized
to
reduce
overall
disease
burden
through
effectively
targeting
competent
host
immune
system
response.
is
composed
of
primary/secondary
lymphoid
structures
initially
eight
types
cell
types,
many
subtypes,
traversing
membranes
utilizing
signaling
cascades
that
contribute
towards
clearance
pathogenic
proteins.
Other
proteins
discussed
cluster
differentiation
(CD)
markers,
major
histocompatibility
complexes
(MHC),
pleiotropic
interleukins
(IL),
chemokines
(CXC).
historical
concepts
immunity
are
the
innate
adaptive
systems.
represented
T
cells,
B
antibodies.
macrophages,
neutrophils,
dendritic
complement
system.
viruses
can
affect
regulate
cycle
progression
for
example,
in
cancers
papillomavirus
(HPV:
cervical
carcinoma),
Epstein-Barr
virus
(EBV:
lymphoma),
Hepatitis
C
(HB/HC:
hepatocellular
carcinoma)
Leukemia
Virus-1
(T
leukemia).
Bacterial
infections
also
increase
risk
developing
cancer
(e.g.,
Talanta,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
265, P. 124818 - 124818
Published: June 18, 2023
Surface
Enhanced
Raman
Spectroscopy
is
increasingly
used
as
a
sensitive
bioanalytical
tool
for
detection
of
variety
analytes
ranging
from
viruses
and
bacteria
to
cancer
biomarkers
toxins,
etc.
This
comprehensive
review
describes
principles
operation
compares
the
performance
immunoassays
aptamer
assays
with
scattering
(SERS)
each
other
some
bioassay
methods,
including
ELISA
fluorescence
assays.
Both
immuno-
aptamer-based
are
categorized
into
assay
on
solid
substrates,
magnetic
nanoparticles
in
laminar
flow
or/and
strip
The
best
performing
recent
examples
category
described
text
illustrated
figures.
average
performance,
particularly,
limit
(LOD)
those
methods
reflected
9
tables
manuscript
LODs
calculated
compared.
We
found
out
that,
average,
there
advantage
terms
LOD
SERS
(0.
pM
median
88
papers)
vs
(1.7
51
papers).
also
tabulated
analyzed
clinical
immune
assays,
where
selectivity,
specificity,
accuracy
reported,
we
summarized
examples.
reviewed
challenges
real-life
application,
non-specific
protein
binding,
nanoparticle
aggregation,
limited
nanotag
stability,
sometimes,
relatively
long
time
results,
proposed
solutions
discussed
review.
Overall,
this
may
be
interesting
not
only
chemist,
but
medical
life
science
researchers
who
interested
improvement
bioanalyte
diagnostics.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
381(2257)
Published: Aug. 23, 2023
We
conducted
a
systematic
literature
review
of
general
population
testing,
contact
tracing,
case
isolation
and
quarantine
interventions
to
assess
their
effectiveness
in
reducing
SARS-CoV-2
transmission,
as
implemented
real-world
settings.
designed
broad
search
strategy
aimed
identify
peer-reviewed
studies
any
design
provided
there
was
quantitative
measure
on
transmission
outcome.
Studies
that
assessed
the
effect
testing
or
diagnosis
disease
outcomes
via
treatment,
but
did
not
outcome,
were
included.
focused
among
rather
than
specific
settings;
these
from
anywhere
world
published
time
after
1
January
2020
until
end
2022.
From
26
720
titles
abstracts,
1181
reviewed
full
text,
25
met
our
inclusion
criteria.
These
included
one
randomized
control
trial
(RCT)
remaining
24
analysed
empirical
data
made
some
attempt
for
confounding.
categorized
by
type
intervention:
tracing
(seven
studies);
strategies
(12
isolating
cases/contacts
(four
'test,
trace,
isolate'
(TTI)
part
package
(two
studies).
None
rated
at
low
risk
bias
many
serious
bias,
particularly
due
likely
presence
uncontrolled
confounding
factors,
which
major
challenge
assessing
independent
effects
TTI
observational
studies.
factors
are
be
expected
during
an
on-going
pandemic,
when
emphasis
epidemic
burden
design.
Findings
suggested
important
public
health
role
followed
isolation,
especially
where
mass
serial
used
reduce
transmission.
Some
most
compelling
analyses
came
examining
fine-grained
within-country
tracing;
while
broader
compared
behaviour
between
countries
also
often
found
led
reduced
mortality,
this
universal.
There
limited
evidence
benefit
away
home
environment.
One
study,
RCT,
showed
daily
contacts
could
viable
replace
lengthy
contacts.
Based
scarcity
robust
evidence,
we
able
draw
firm
conclusions
about
impact
different
contexts.
While
majority
scale
is
only
available
scenarios
hence
necessarily
generalizable.
Our
therefore
emphasizes
need
conduct
experimental
help
inform
optimal
Work
needed
support
such
context
future
emerging
epidemics,
along
with
assessments
cost-effectiveness
interventions,
beyond
scope
will
critical
decision-making.
This
article
theme
issue
'The
non-pharmaceutical
COVID-19
pandemic:
evidence'.
Diagnostics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(5), P. 519 - 519
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
The
urgent
need
for
accurate
COVID-19
diagnostics
has
led
to
the
development
of
various
SARS-CoV-2
detection
technologies.
Real-time
reverse
transcriptase
polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-qPCR)
remains
a
reliable
viral
gene
technique,
while
other
molecular
methods,
including
nucleic
acid
amplification
techniques
(NAATs)
and
isothermal
techniques,
provide
diverse
effective
approaches.
Serological
assays,
detecting
antibodies
in
response
infection,
are
crucial
disease
surveillance.
Saliva-based
immunoassays
show
promise
surveillance
purposes.
efficiency
antibody
varies,
with
IgM
indicating
recent
exposure
IgG
offering
prolonged
detectability.
Various
rapid
tests,
lateral-flow
immunoassays,
present
opportunities
quick
diagnosis,
but
their
clinical
significance
requires
validation
through
further
studies.
Challenges
include
variations
specificity
sensitivity
among
testing
platforms
evolving
assay
sensitivities
over
time.
antigens,
particularly
N
S
proteins,
play
role
diagnostic
methods.
Innovative
approaches,
such
as
nanozyme-based
assays
specific
nucleotide
aptamers,
offer
enhanced
flexibility.
In
conclusion,
ongoing
advancements
methods
contribute
global
effort
combating
pandemic.
