Current state and future prospects of pure mycelium materials

Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

In the context of ongoing transition from a linear to circular economy, ecologically friendly renewable solutions are put in place. Filamentous fungi can be grown on various organic feedstocks and functionalized into range diverse material types which biobased thus more sustainable terms their production, use recycling. Pure mycelium materials, consisting only mycelial biomass, adopt versatile properties appear promising as substitute for current petrochemically produced polymeric materials or, case myco-leather, animal-based leather. recent years, handful private companies have been innovating bring products based pure market while scientific interest these biomaterials is now starting gain momentum. this primer, we introduce frame different production methods, review existing potential future applications, thereby offering vision advances emerging fungi-based technology.

Language: Английский

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Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations

Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(18), P. 6283 - 6283

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

Mycelium-Based Composites (MBCs) are innovative engineering materials made from lignocellulosic by-products bonded with fungal mycelium. While some performance characteristics of MBCs inferior to those currently used materials, these composites nevertheless prove be superior in ecological aspects. Improving the properties may achieved using an adequate substrate type, fungus species, and manufacturing technology. This article presents scientifically verified guiding principles for choosing a species obtain desired effect. aim was realized based on analyses scientific articles concerning MBCs, mycological literature, patent documents. Based analyses, over 70 fungi manufacture MBC have been identified most commonly combinations species-substrate-manufacturing technology presented. The main result this review demonstrate considered optimal terms resulting material properties. Thus, list 11 that increase effectiveness formation include: rapid hyphae growth, high virulence, dimitic or trimitic hyphal system, white rot decay versatility nutrition, tolerance substrate, environmental parameters, susceptibility readily controlled factors, easy deactivate, saprophytic, non-mycotoxic, capability biosynthesize natural active substances. An additional analysis is names types substrates used, applications produced, findings reported literature.

Language: Английский

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Pushing the Frontiers of Biodiversity Research: Unveiling the Global Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation of Fungi

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 149 - 176

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Fungi comprise approximately 20% of all eukaryotic species and are connected to virtually life forms on Earth. Yet, their diversity remains contentious, distribution elusive, conservation neglected. We aim flip this situation by synthesizing current knowledge. present a revised estimate 2–3 million fungal with “best estimate” at 2.5 million. To name the unknown >90% these end century, we propose recognition known only from DNA data call for large-scale sampling campaigns. an updated global map richness, highlighting tropical temperate ecoregions high diversity. further Red List assessments enhanced management guidelines aid conservation. Given that fungi play inseparable role in our lives ecosystems, considering fascinating questions remaining be answered, argue constitute next frontier biodiversity research.

Language: Английский

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Fungal mycelium as leather alternative: A sustainable biogenic material for the fashion industry

Sustainable materials and technologies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38, P. e00724 - e00724

Published: Sept. 23, 2023

The global leather industry has been at the receiving end of various environmental and ethical backlash as it mainly relies on animal agriculture which contributes to deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, welfare concerns. In addition, processing hides into generates a huge amount toxic chemicals, ultimately get released environment. Thus, growing concern for sustainability led exploration alternative materials conventional animal- based leather. this regard, application fungal alternatives in material technology is gaining traction because its high biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, well affordable carbon-neutral growth processes. Fungal have found possess significant mechanical physical properties, thanks interwoven hyphal network mycelium, antimicrobial activities ascribed their bioactive metabolites. Various species, including those from Agaricus, Fomes, Ganoderma, Phellinus, Pleutorus genera, are currently being investigated potential area. This review, therefore, attempts gain insights recent advances scientific research real-world applications fungal-derived like materials. It makes compelling case sustainable discusses morphology-property relationship mycelium driving innovation. Additionally, current methods major players substitute presented. paper also brings attention challenges facing full deployment substitutes proposes solutions with aim encouraging further resource mobilization acceptance renewable substitute.

Language: Английский

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Current trends, limitations and future research in the fungi?

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 125(1), P. 1 - 71

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract The field of mycology has grown from an underappreciated subset botany, to a valuable, modern scientific discipline. As this study grown, there have been significant contributions science, technology, and industry, highlighting the value fungi in era. This paper looks at current research, along with existing limitations, suggests future areas where scientists can focus their efforts, mycology. We show how become important emerging diseases medical discuss trends potential drug novel compound discovery. explore phylogenomics, its potential, outcomes address question phylogenomics be applied fungal ecology. In addition, functional genomics studies are discussed importance unravelling intricate mechanisms underlying behaviour, interactions, adaptations, paving way for comprehensive understanding biology. look research building materials, they used as carbon sinks, biocircular economies. numbers always great interest often written about estimates varied greatly. Thus, we needs order obtain more reliable estimates. aspects machine learning (AI) it mycological research. Plant pathogens affecting food production systems on global scale, such, needed area, particularly disease detection. latest data High Throughput Sequencing if still gaining new knowledge same rate before. A review nanotechnology is provided addressed. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi addressed acknowledged. Fungal databases becoming important, therefore provide major databases. Edible medicinal huge medicines, especially Asia prospects discussed. Lifestyle changes (e.g., endophytes, pathogens, and/or saprobes) also extremely trend special issue Diversity.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomics, divergence times and notes of orders in Basidiomycota

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 126(1), P. 127 - 406

Published: July 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mycelium-Based Composites in Art, Architecture, and Interior Design: A Review

Polymers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 145 - 145

Published: Dec. 31, 2021

Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) have attracted growing attention due to their role in the development of eco-design methods. We concurrently analysed scientific publications, patent documents, and results our own feasibility studies identify current design issues technologies used. A literature inquiry databases (WoS, Scopus, The Lens, Google Patents) pointed 92 publications 212 documents. As a part technological experiments, we created several prototype products used architectural interior design. Following synthesis, these sources knowledge can be concluded: 1. MBCs are inexpensive production, ecological, offer high artistic value. Their weaknesses insufficient load capacity, unfavourable water affinity, unknown reliability. 2. shows that material parameters adjusted certain needs, but there almost infinite combinations: properties input biomaterials, characteristics fungi species, possible during growth subsequent processing MBCs. 3. documents show need for development: an effective method increase density search obtain more homogeneous internal structure composite material. 4. Our experiments with production various everyday objects indicate some disadvantages considered advantages. Such unexpected advantage is interesting surface texture resulting from natural inhomogeneity MBCs, which controlled extent.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and Opportunities in Scaling up Architectural Applications of Mycelium-Based Materials with Digital Fabrication

Biomimetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 44 - 44

Published: April 14, 2022

In an increasing effort to address the environmental challenges caused by currently linear economic paradigm of “produce, use, and discard”, construction industry has been shifting towards a more circular model. A economy requires closing loops, where end-of-life building is considered carefully, waste used as resource. comparison traditional materials such timber, steel concrete, mycelium-based are renewable alternatives that use organic agricultural industrial key ingredient for production, do not rely on mass extraction or exploitation valuable finite non-finite resources. Mycelium-based have shown their potential economically competitive alternative conventional synthetic in numerous industries ranging from packaging, electronic prototyping, furniture, fashion architecture. However, application limited small-scale prototypes architectural installations due low mechanical properties, lack standardisation production methods material characterisation. This paper aims review current state art research applications across disciplines, with particular focus digital fabrication, design. The information gathered this will be synthesised identify scaling up load-bearing structural elements architecture suggest opportunities directions future research.

Language: Английский

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Current trends in health-promoting potential and biomaterial applications of edible mushrooms for human wellness

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 102290 - 102290

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Strategies for Growing Large-Scale Mycelium Structures

Biomimetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 129 - 129

Published: Sept. 11, 2022

Fungi-based materials (myco-materials) have been celebrated and experimented with for their architectural structural potential over a decade. This paper describes research applied to assembly strategies growing large building units assembling them into efficiently formed wall prototypes. A major concern in the development of these two fabrication is design re-usable formwork systems. La Parete Fungina demonstrates undulating standing side-by-side, each composed seventeen myco-welded slabs. L’Orso Fungino revisits situ monolithic fabric forming that are repeated, stacked, post-tensioned. Although presented this focuses on overcoming challenges large-scale components, work also touches issues accessibility technology, economic logistical systems needed building-scale applications, material ethics energy waste associated emerging biomaterial production.

Language: Английский

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