Experience replay is associated with efficient nonlocal learning

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6544)

Published: May 21, 2021

Replay supports planning Learning from direct experience is easy—we can always use trial and error—but how do we learn nondirect (nonlocal) experiences? For this, need additional mechanisms that bridge time space. In rodents, hippocampal replay hypothesized to promote this function. Liu et al. measured high-temporal-resolution brain signals using human magnetoencephalography combined with a new model-based, visually oriented, multipath reinforcement memory task. This task was designed differentiate local versus nonlocal learning episodes within the subject. They found reverse sequential in medial temporal lobe underlying mechanism for solving complex credit assignment problems such as value learning. Science , abf1357, issue p. eabf1357

Language: Английский

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Long-lasting, dissociable improvements in working memory and long-term memory in older adults with repetitive neuromodulation

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 1237 - 1246

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 1994 - 2004

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) via implanted electrodes is used worldwide to treat patients with severe neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, its invasiveness precludes widespread clinical use deployment in research. Temporal interference (TI) a strategy for non-invasive steerable DBS using multiple kHz-range electric fields difference frequency within the range of neural activity. Here we report validation concept humans. We field modeling measurements human cadaver verify that locus transcranial TI can be steerably focused hippocampus minimal exposure overlying cortex. then functional magnetic resonance imaging behavioral experiments show focally modulate hippocampal activity enhance accuracy episodic memories healthy Our results demonstrate targeted, electrical deep structures brain.

Language: Английский

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Alzheimer’s disease as a synaptopathy: Evidence for dysfunction of synapses during disease progression

Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 9, 2023

The synapse has consistently been considered a vulnerable and critical target within Alzheimer’s disease, loss is, to date, one of the main biological correlates cognitive decline disease. This occurs prior neuronal with ample evidence that synaptic dysfunction precedes this, in support idea failure is crucial stage disease pathogenesis. two pathological hallmarks abnormal aggregates amyloid or tau proteins, have had demonstrable effects on physiology animal cellular models There also growing these proteins may synergistic effect neurophysiological dysfunction. Here, we review some findings alterations what know from models. First, briefly summarize human suggest synapses are altered, including how this relates network activity. Subsequently, considered, highlighting mouse pathology role play dysfunction, either isolation examining pathologies interact specifically focuses function observed models, typically measured using electrophysiology calcium imaging. Following loss, it would be impossible imagine not alter oscillatory activity brain. Therefore, discusses underpin aberrant patterns seen patients. Finally, an overview key directions considerations field covered. includes current therapeutics targeted at but methods modulate rescue patterns. Other important future avenues note include non-neuronal cell types such as astrocytes microglia, mechanisms independent will certainly continue for foreseeable future.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking retrosplenial cortex: Perspectives and predictions

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 111(2), P. 150 - 175

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Theta activity and cognitive functioning: Integrating evidence from resting-state and task-related developmental electroencephalography (EEG) research

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 101404 - 101404

Published: June 1, 2024

The theta band is one of the most prominent frequency bands in electroencephalography (EEG) power spectrum and presents an interesting paradox: while elevated during resting state linked to lower cognitive abilities children adolescents, increased tasks associated with higher performance. Why does power, measured versus tasks, show differential correlations functioning? This review provides integrated account functional correlates across different contexts. We first present evidence that correlated executive functioning, attentional abilities, language skills, IQ. Next, we research showing increases memory, attention, control, these processes better Finally, discuss potential explanations for between resting/task-related offer suggestions future this area.

Language: Английский

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Evidence for Immediate Enhancement of Hippocampal Memory Encoding by Network-Targeted Theta-Burst Stimulation during Concurrent fMRI

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 40(37), P. 7155 - 7168

Published: Aug. 17, 2020

The hippocampus supports episodic memory via interaction with a distributed brain network. Previous experiments using network-targeted noninvasive stimulation have identified enhancements and modulation of activity within the hippocampal However, mechanistic insights were limited because these effects measured long after therefore could reflected various neuroplastic aftereffects extended time courses. In this experiment human subjects both sexes, we tested for immediate impact on encoding-related immediately adjacent medial-temporal cortex by delivering theta-burst transcranial magnetic (TBS) concurrent fMRI, as an would suggest influence neural activity. We reasoned that TBS be particularly effective influencing rhythmic in theta band is associated processing. First, demonstrated it possible to obtain robust fMRI correlates task-related during TBS. then encoding visual scenes. Brief volleys targeting network increased targeted (left) scene subsequent recollection. Stimulation did not intermixed numerical task no demand. Control conditions beta out-of-network also or impacted This suggests direct, beneficial related role theta-band memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Can directly function indirect, deep-brain targets, such hippocampus? accessible region fMRI. impacting function, rhythm should resonate endogenous theta-nested-gamma prominent hippocampus. Indeed, encoding, improving formation indicated enhanced later Rhythm- location-control had effects. These findings direct highlight relatively privileged its ability function.

Language: Английский

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The Modulation of Cognitive Performance with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Systematic Review of Frequency-Specific Effects

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 932 - 932

Published: Dec. 2, 2020

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain technique that allows the manipulation of intrinsic oscillations. Numerous studies have applied tACS in laboratory to enhance cognitive performance. With this systematic review, we aim provide an overview frequency-specific effects on range functions healthy adults. This may help transfer protocols real-world applications. We conducted literature search PubMed and Cochrane databases considered adults (age > 18 years) focused The yielded n = 109 studies, which 57 met inclusion criteria. results indicate theta-tACS was beneficial for several functions, including working memory, executive declarative memory. Gamma-tACS enhanced performance both auditory visual perception but it did not change tasks functions. For attention, were less consistent point improvement with alpha- or gamma-tACS. discuss these findings important considerations would precede

Language: Английский

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Theta oscillations synchronize human medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala during fear learning

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(34)

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Direct electrophysiological recordings reveal how theta oscillations synchronize human mPFC and amygdala during fear learning.

Language: Английский

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The natural frequencies of the resting human brain: An MEG-based atlas

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 258, P. 119373 - 119373

Published: June 11, 2022

Brain oscillations are considered to play a pivotal role in neural communication. However, detailed information regarding the typical oscillatory patterns of individual brain regions is surprisingly scarce. In this study we applied multivariate data-driven approach create an atlas natural frequencies resting human on voxel-by-voxel basis. We analysed resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from 128 healthy adult volunteers obtained Open MEG Archive (OMEGA). Spectral power was computed source space 500 ms steps for 82 frequency bins logarithmically spaced 1.7 99.5 Hz. then k-means clustering detect characteristic spectral profiles and eventually identify each voxel. Our results provided empirical confirmation canonical bands revealed region-specific organisation intrinsic activity, following both medial-to-lateral posterior-to-anterior gradient increasing frequency. particular, medial fronto-temporal were characterised by slow rhythms (delta/theta). Posterior presented alpha band, although with differentiated generators precuneus sensory-specific cortices (i.e., visual auditory). Somatomotor distinguished mu rhythm, while lateral prefrontal cortex high beta range (>20 Hz). Importantly, map highly replicable two independent subsamples individuals. To best our knowledge, most comprehensive ongoing activity performed date. Critically, identification fundamental step towards better understanding functional architecture brain.

Language: Английский

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