Endocrine-disrupting metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates – A critical review of analytical methods, environmental occurrences, toxicity, and regulation

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 635, P. 1530 - 1546

Published: May 1, 2018

Despite the fact that metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) are classified as hazardous substances, they continue to be released into environment from a variety sources and not usually monitored. Their wide use has led an increase in possible exposure pathways for humans, which is cause alarm. Moreover, there lack knowledge about behaviour these with respect toxicity, their biological effects on human health. The aim this work give overview APEO analysis, occurrences toxicity various environmental samples. have adverse wildlife, through release environment. Currently, some reviews available alkylphenols soil, sediments, groundwater, surface water food. However, none articles consider humans especially effect nervous immune system. This summarises APEOs matrices, e.g. water, food systems, isomer-specific issues. With emphasis we able cover most common exposure, whether direct or indirect.

Language: Английский

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Oestrogenic Endocrine Disruptors in the Placenta and the Fetus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 1519 - 1519

Published: Feb. 23, 2020

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with the stability and regulation of endocrine system body or its offspring. These generally stable in chemical properties, not easy to be biodegraded, can enriched organisms. In past half century, EDCs have gradually entered food chain, these been frequently found maternal blood. Perinatal hormone levels unstable vulnerable EDCs. Some affect embryonic development through blood-fetal barrier cause damage neuroendocrine system, liver function, genital development. also effect cross-generational inheritance epigenetic mechanisms. This article mainly elaborates mechanism detection methods estrogenic disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), diethylstilbestrol (DES) phthalates (PAEs), their effects on placenta fetal health order raise concerns about proper use products containing during pregnancy provide a reference for human health.

Language: Английский

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Additives of plastics: Entry into the environment and potential risks to human and ecological health

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 119364 - 119364

Published: Oct. 21, 2023

A steep rise in global plastic production and significant discharge of waste are expected the near future. Plastics pose a threat to ecosystem human health through generation particulate plastics that act as carriers for other emerging contaminants, release toxic chemical additives. Since additives not covalently bound, they can freely leach into environment. Due their occurrence various environmental settings, exert ecotoxicity. However, only 25% have been characterized potential ecological concern. Despite market statistics highlighting substantial burden caused by unrestricted use additives, information on ecotoxicity remains incomplete. By focusing impacts present review aims provide detailed insights following aspects: (i) diversity environment, (ii) leaching from materials, (iii) trophic transfer, (iv) exposure, (v) risks health, (vi) legal guidelines mitigation strategies. These immense value restricting searching eco-friendly alternatives, establishing or revising agencies.

Language: Английский

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How Green is Your Plasticizer?

Polymers, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 834 - 834

Published: July 28, 2018

Plasticizers are additives that used to impart flexibility polymer blends and improve their processability. typically not covalently bound the polymers, allowing them leach out over time, which results in human exposure environmental contamination. Phthalates, particular, have been subject of increasing concern due established ubiquity environment suspected negative health effects, including endocrine disrupting anti-androgenic effects. As there is mounting pressure find safe replacement compounds, this review addresses design experimental elements should be considered order for a new or existing plasticizer green. Specifically, multi-disciplinary holistic approach taken includes toxicity testing (both vitro vivo), biodegradation (with attention metabolites), as well leaching studies. Special consideration also given stages producing molecule synthetic scale-up processes optimized. Only by taking multi-faceted can truly

Language: Английский

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Placenta Disrupted: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pregnancy

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(7), P. 508 - 524

Published: April 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Heightened susceptibility: A review of how pregnancy and chemical exposures influence maternal health

Reproductive Toxicology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 14 - 56

Published: May 3, 2019

Language: Английский

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Bisphenol A and bisphenol S disruptions of the mouse placenta and potential effects on the placenta–brain axis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(9), P. 4642 - 4652

Published: Feb. 18, 2020

Placental trophoblast cells are potentially at risk from circulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA). To understand how BPA and the reputedly more inert S (BPS) affect placenta, C57BL6J mouse dams were fed 200 μg/kg body weight or BPS daily for 2 wk then bred. They continued to receive these chemicals until embryonic day 12.5, whereupon placental samples collected compared with unexposed controls. altered expression of an identical set 13 genes. Both exposures led a decrease in area occupied by spongiotrophoblast relative giant (GCs) within junctional zone, markedly reduced serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, lowered 5-HT GC immunoreactivity. Concentrations dopamine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, main metabolite serotonin, increased. immunoreactivity was increased BPA- BPS-exposed placentas. strong positive correlation between + GCs reductions suggests that this neurotransmitter is essential maintaining zone. In contrast, negative existed ratio. These outcomes lead following conclusions. First, exposure causes almost effects BPA. Second, major target BPA/BPS either Third, imbalances neurotransmitter-positive observed docosahexaenoic acid estradiol, also occurring response exposure, likely placental–brain axis developing fetus.

Language: Английский

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The impact of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in placental development, function, and pathophysiology

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 106228 - 106228

Published: Nov. 4, 2020

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a chemical widely distributed in the environment as extensively used plastic industry. DEHP considered an endocrine disruptor (EDC) and humans are inevitably unintentionally exposed to this EDC through several sources including food, beverages, cosmetics, medical devices, among others. exposure has been associated may be involved development of various pathologies; importantly, pregnant women particular risk group considering that alterations during gestation impact fetal programming leading chronic diseases adulthood. Recent studies have indicated its metabolite Mono(2-ethylhexyl) (MEHP) impair placental function, which turn would negative on growth. Studies performed trophoblastic models shown MEHP key processes related such implantation, differentiation, invasion angiogenesis. In addition, many functions like hormone signaling, metabolism, transfer nutrients, immunomodulation oxidative stress response reported. Moreover, clinical-epidemiological evidence supports association between adverse pregnancy outcomes pathologies. review, we aim summarize for first time current knowledge about pathophysiology, well mechanisms involved. We also remark importance exploring effects different trophoblast cell populations discuss new perspectives regarding topic.

Language: Английский

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A mechanism for the effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals on placentation

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 231, P. 326 - 336

Published: May 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors are substances that either naturally occurring artificial and released into the natural environment. Humans exposed to EDCs through ingestion, inhalation, skin contact. Many everyday household items, such as plastic bottles containers, liners of metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food, gadgets, cosmetics, pesticides, contain disruptors. Each hormone has a unique chemical makeup structural attributes. The way hormones connect receptors is described “lock key” mechanism, with each serving key (lock). This mechanism enabled by complementary shape their hormone, which allows activate receptors. exogenous compounds have negative impact on organisms’ health interacting functioning system. associated cancer, cardiovascular risk, behavioural disorders, autoimmune abnormalities, reproductive disorders. exposure in humans highly harmful during critical life stages. Nonetheless, effect placenta often underestimated. especially sensitive due its abundance In this review, we evaluated most recent data effects placental development function, including heavy metals, plasticizers, UV filters preservatives. under evaluation evidence from human biomonitoring found nature. Additionally, study indicates important knowledge gaps will direct future research topic.

Language: Английский

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