The impact of environmental factors and contaminants on thyroid function and disease from fetal to adult life: current evidence and future directions

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 19, 2024

The thyroid gland regulates most of the physiological processes. Environmental factors, including climate change, pollution, nutritional changes, and exposure to chemicals, have been recognized impact function health. Thyroid disorders cancer increased in last decade, latter increasing by 1.1% annually, suggesting that environmental contaminants must play a role. This narrative review explores current knowledge on relationships among factors anatomy function, reporting recent data, mechanisms, gaps through which act. Global warming changes living both iodine-poor areas volcanic regions can represent threat favor cancers because low iodine intake heavy metals radon. Areas with high nitrate nitrite concentrations water soil also negatively affect function. Air particularly particulate matter outdoor air, worsen be carcinogenic. endocrine-disrupting chemicals alter many ways, as some mimic and/or disrupt hormone synthesis, release, action target tissues, such bisphenols, phthalates, perchlorate, per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances. When discussing diet nutrition, there is evidence microbiome-associated an elevated consumption animal fat would associated production autoantibodies. There negative effects microplastics. Finally, infectious diseases significantly function; recently, lessons learned from SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Understanding how influence crucial for developing preventive strategies policies guarantee appropriate development healthy metabolism new generations preventing disease adults elderly. However, are understanding warrant further research.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Influences Genomic Imprinting, Growth, and Metabolism

Genes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1153 - 1153

Published: July 28, 2021

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that results in monoallelic, parent-of-origin-specific expression of a small number genes. Imprinted genes play crucial role mammalian development as their dysregulation result increased risk human diseases. DNA methylation, which undergoes dynamic changes early development, one the marks regulating imprinted gene patterns during development. Thus, environmental insults, including endocrine disrupting chemicals critical periods fetal can alter methylation patterns, leading to inappropriate developmental and disease risk. Here, we summarize current literature on impacts utero exposure genomic metabolism humans rodents. We evaluate how early-life exposures are potential factor for adult metabolic also introduce our mouse model phthalate exposure. Finally, describe serve sensor novel biomarker postnatal health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Praegnatio Perturbatio—Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 295 - 353

Published: Jan. 3, 2021

Abstract The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low weight is considerable across the world. Several risk factors for have been identified. One factor receiving attention in recent years gestational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are exposed a multitude environmental with known properties, evidence suggests these EDCs potential disrupt maternal-fetal environment culminating outcomes. This review addresses impact maternal fetal natural man-made disrupting milieu human leading outcomes—a adult-onset noncommunicable diseases, role lifestyle play mitigating or amplifying effects EDCs, underlying mechanisms mediators involved, research directions on which focus future investigations help alleviate EDC exposure.

Language: Английский

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Estrogen Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 459 - 459

Published: Feb. 21, 2021

Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent of these. PCOS a frequent endocrine disease that associated abnormal function sex hormone estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens mediate genomic effects through ERα ERβ in target tissues. The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPER) has recently been described as mediating non-genomic signaling estrogen. Changes pathways cellular activities, such ovulation; cell cycle phase; proliferation, migration, invasion. Over years, some selective modulators (SERMs) have made substantial strides clinical applications for subfertility PCOS, tamoxifen clomiphene, however role ER still needs to be understood. This article focuses on recent progress expression ERs ovaries uterus, application related targeted small-molecule drugs.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11899 - 11899

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Thousands of natural or manufactured chemicals were defined as endocrine-disrupting (EDCs) because they can interfere with hormone activity and the endocrine system. We summarize discuss what we know still need to learn about EDCs' pathogenic mechanisms action, well effects most common EDCs on system health in childhood. The MEDLINE database (PubMed) was searched 13 May 2022, filtering for EDCs, diseases, children. are a group compounds high heterogeneity, but usually disrupt by mimicking interfering hormones body's hormonal balance through other mechanisms. Individual studied detail, while humans' "cocktail effect" is unclear. In utero, early postnatal life, and/or pubertal development highly susceptible periods exposure. Human epidemiological studies suggest that affect prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism, obesity, puberty, fertility several Further needed clarify which mainly act epigenetic processes. A better understanding human crucial developing future regulatory strategies prevent exposure ensure children today, generations, environment.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Maternal Body on Infants

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 9, 2022

There are many organochlorine pollutants in the environment, which can be directly or indirectly exposed to by mothers, and as estrogen endocrine disruptors cause damage lactation capacity of mammary gland. In addition, because breast milk contains a lot nutrients, it is most important food source for new-born babies. If mothers pesticides (OCPs), lipophilic contaminants accumulate fat passed infant through milk. Therefore, necessary investigate human estimate health risks these breastfed infants. toxic substances mother also fetus placenta, something we need pay attention to. This article introduces several types OCPs, such dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), methoxychlor (MXC), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), endosulfan, chlordane, heptachlorand hexachlorobenzene (HCB), mainly expounds their effects on women’s ability health, provides reference maternal health. some measures methods control described here.

Language: Английский

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The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors are substances that either naturally occurring artificial and released into the natural environment. Humans exposed to EDCs through ingestion, inhalation, skin contact. Many everyday household items, such as plastic bottles containers, liners of metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food, gadgets, cosmetics, pesticides, contain disruptors. Each hormone has a unique chemical makeup structural attributes. The way hormones connect receptors is described “lock key” mechanism, with each serving key (lock). This mechanism enabled by complementary shape their hormone, which allows activate receptors. exogenous compounds have negative impact on organisms’ health interacting functioning system. associated cancer, cardiovascular risk, behavioural disorders, autoimmune abnormalities, reproductive disorders. exposure in humans highly harmful during critical life stages. Nonetheless, effect placenta often underestimated. especially sensitive due its abundance In this review, we evaluated most recent data effects placental development function, including heavy metals, plasticizers, UV filters preservatives. under evaluation evidence from human biomonitoring found nature. Additionally, study indicates important knowledge gaps will direct future research topic.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Gestation and Pregnancy Outcomes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(21), P. 4657 - 4657

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances widely disseminated both in the environment and daily-life products which can interfere with regulation function of endocrine system. These have gradually entered food chain, being frequently found human blood urine samples. This becomes a particularly serious issue when they reach vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, whose hormones more unstable to EDCs. The proper formation activity placenta, therefore embryonic development, may get seriously affected by presence these chemicals, augmenting risk several pregnancy complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, among others. Additionally, some them also exert detrimental impact on fertility, thus hindering reproductive process from beginning. In cases, EDCs even induce cross-generational effects, inherited future generations through epigenetic mechanisms. reasons why understanding alterations derived is needed, along efforts establish regulations preventive measures order avoid exposition (especially during this particular stage life).

Language: Английский

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Effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on female fertility

Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 102347 - 102347

Published: May 6, 2023

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds or Chemicals (EDCs) constitute an extensive and varied group of mostly non-natural chemicals that have the ability to imitate any aspect hormone action, perturbing many physiological functions in humans animals. As for female fertility, several EDCs are associated with adverse effects regulation steroidogenesis, higher miscarriage rates as well lower fertilization embryo implantation some them considered decrease number high-quality embryos assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancy. The most common pesticides, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) especially phthalates bisphenols which used thousands products plasticizers. Among all, Bisphenol A (BPA) is one permeating well-studied EDCs. BPA's action resembles estradiol affecting negatively system various ways. This review summarizes recent literature on impact fertility.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in the Dietary Approach of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 399 - 399

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder that often develops during pregnancy, characterized by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). To ensure the well-being of both mother fetus, body undergoes multiple immunological changes result in peripheral IR and, under certain hereditary or acquired abnormalities, GDM predisposed women. The adverse short- long-term effects impact fetus. Nutrition seems to play an important role prevent improve its evolution. An emphasis has been given proportion carbohydrates (CHO) relative protein lipids, as well dietary patterns, GDM. CHO on postprandial concentrations are reflected glycemic index (GI) load (GL). Diets rich GI GL may induce exacerbate IR, whereas diets low appear enhance sensitivity control. These positive outcomes be attributed direct interactions with homeostasis indirect through improved composition weight management. This comprehensive narrative review aims explore significance nutrition, focus critical evaluation management women

Language: Английский

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