Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

SUMMARY Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has undergone dramatic advancement in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The power and potential this platform technology were rapidly realized when it became evident that not only did WBS-measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlate strongly with COVID-19 clinical within monitored populations but also, fact, functioned as a leading indicator. Teams from across globe innovated novel approaches by which wastewater could be collected diverse sewersheds ranging treatment plants (enabling community-level surveillance) to more granular locations including individual neighborhoods high-risk buildings such long-term care facilities (LTCF). Efficient processes enabled extraction concentration highly dilute matrix. Molecular genomic tools identify, quantify, characterize its various variants adapted programs applied these mixed environmental systems. Novel data-sharing allowed information mobilized made immediately available public health government decision-makers even public, enabling evidence-informed decision-making based on local dynamics. WBS since been recognized tool transformative potential, providing near-real-time cost-effective, objective, comprehensive, inclusive data changing prevalence measured analytes space time populations. However, consequence rapid innovation hundreds teams simultaneously, tremendous heterogeneity currently exists literature. This manuscript provides state-of-the-art review established details current work underway expanding scope other infectious targets.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in preK-12 schools shows school, community, and citywide infections

Water Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 231, P. 119648 - 119648

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Sewage, Salt, Silica, and SARS-CoV-2 (4S): An Economical Kit-Free Method for Direct Capture of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from Wastewater

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(8), P. 4880 - 4888

Published: March 24, 2021

Wastewater-based epidemiology is an emerging tool to monitor COVID-19 infection levels by measuring the concentration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater. There remains a need improve wastewater extraction methods' sensitivity, speed, and reduce reliance on often expensive commercial reagents make wastewater-based more accessible. We present kit-free method, titled "Sewage, Salt, Silica SARS-CoV-2" (4S), that employs abundant affordable sodium chloride (NaCl), ethanol, silica capture matrices recover sixfold SARS-CoV-2 from than existing ultrafiltration-based method. The 4S method concurrently recovered pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) human 18S ribosomal subunit rRNA, which have been proposed as fecal controls. concentrations measured three sewersheds corresponded relative prevalence determined via clinical testing. Lastly, controlled experiments indicate prevented degradation during storage samples, was compatible with heat pasteurization, our experience, 20 samples can be processed one lab technician approximately h. Overall, promising for effective, economical, accessible SARS-CoV-2, providing another fight global pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of five polyethylene glycol precipitation procedures for the RT-qPCR based recovery of murine hepatitis virus, bacteriophage phi6, and pepper mild mottle virus as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 807, P. 150722 - 150722

Published: Oct. 4, 2021

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation is one of the conventional methods for virus concentration. This technique has been used to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater. The procedures and seeded surrogate viruses were different among implementers; thus, reported whole process recovery efficiencies considerably varied studies. present study compared five PEG procedures, with operational parameters, RT-qPCR-based efficiency murine hepatitis (MHV), bacteriophage phi6, pepper mild mottle (PMMoV), molecular norovirus using 34 raw wastewater samples collected Japan. yielded significantly MHV (0.070%-2.6%) phi6 (0.071%-0.51%). observed concentration indigenous PMMoV ranged from 8.9 9.7 log (8.2 × 10

Language: Английский

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Methods Evaluation for Rapid Concentration and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in Raw Wastewater Using Droplet Digital and Quantitative RT-PCR

Food and Environmental Virology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 303 - 315

Published: July 22, 2021

Wastewater surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging public health tool to understand the spread Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in communities. The performance different virus concentration methods and PCR needs be evaluated ascertain their suitability for use detection SARS-CoV-2 wastewater. We ultrafiltration polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation concentrate from sewage wastewater treatment plants upstream network (e.g., manholes, lift stations). Recovery viruses by was determined using Phi6 bacteriophage as a surrogate enveloped viruses. Additionally, presence all samples reverse transcription quantitative (RT-qPCR) droplet digital (RT-ddPCR), targeting three genetic markers (N1, N2 E). Using spiked samples, recoveries were estimated at 2.6-11.6% ultrafiltration-based 22.2-51.5% PEG precipitation. There no significant difference recovery efficiencies (p < 0.05) between procedure with without 16 h overnight incubation, demonstrating feasibility obtaining same day results. more often detected RT-ddPCR than RT-qPCR higher sensitivity precision. While RT-ddPCR, levels E gene almost below limit RT-qPCR. Collectively, our study suggested effective low-cost which allows large number processed simultaneously routine monitoring SARS-CoV-2. can implemented absolute quantification matrices.

Language: Английский

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A comparison of precipitation and filtration-based SARS-CoV-2 recovery methods and the influence of temperature, turbidity, and surfactant load in urban wastewater

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 808, P. 151916 - 151916

Published: Nov. 24, 2021

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become a complimentary surveillance tool during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Viral concentration methods from wastewater are still being optimised and compared, whilst viral recovery under different characteristics storage temperatures remains poorly understood. Using urban samples, we tested three methods; polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG), ammonium sulphate (AS), CP select™ InnovaPrep® (IP) ultrafiltration. We found no major difference in faecal indicator virus (crAssphage) samples (n = 46) using these methods, PEG slightly (albeit non-significantly), outperformed AS IP for detection, as higher genome copies per litre (gc/l) was recorded larger proportion of samples. Next generation sequencing 8 paired revealed non-significant differences quality data between IP, though better less variable. A controlled experiment assessed impact suspended solids (turbidity; 0-400 NTU), surfactant load (0-200 mg/l), temperature (5-20 °C) on methods. recoveries were >20% with <10% turbid additional 0-18% 0-5% IP. Turbidity sample combined had significant effect (p > 0.05), negative correlates < 0.001 p 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, our results show that choice methodology small crAssphage within this study. contrast, turbidity, temperature, did affect recovery, highlighting need careful consideration used when working

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers selection for population normalization in SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology

Water Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 223, P. 118985 - 118985

Published: Aug. 15, 2022

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been one of the most cost-effective approaches to track severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) levels in communities since disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak 2020. Normalizing SARS-CoV-2 concentrations by population biomarkers wastewater is critical for interpreting viral loads, comparing epidemiological trends among sewersheds, and identifying vulnerable communities. In this study, five biomarkers, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), creatinine (CRE), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), caffeine (CAF) its metabolite paraxanthine (PARA) were investigated validated their utility normalizing loads through two using data from 64 treatment plants (WWTPs) Missouri. Their assessing real-time contributing was also evaluated. The best performing candidate further tested capacity improving correlation between normalized clinical cases reported City Columbia, Missouri, a university town with constantly fluctuating population. Our results showed that, except CRE, direct indirect normalization allow accounting changes dilution differences relative human waste input over time regardless flow volume given WWTP. Among selected PARA reliable biomarker determining load per capita due high accuracy, low variability, temporal consistency reflect change dynamics wastewater. It demonstrated excellent assessment addition, PARA-estimated significantly improved (rho=0.5878, p < 0.05) case numbers capita. This chemical complements current scheme recommended CDC helps us understand size, distribution, local populations forecasting prevalence SARS-CoV2 within each sewershed.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of multiple analytical methods for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in wastewater samples

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 808, P. 152033 - 152033

Published: Dec. 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of a Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Approach to Estimate the Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and the Detection of Viral Variants in Disparate Oregon Communities at City and Neighborhood Scales

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(6)

Published: June 1, 2022

Positive correlations have been reported between wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and a community's burden of infection, disease or both. However, previous studies mostly compared to clinical case counts nonrepresentative convenience samples, limiting their quantitative potential.

Language: Английский

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Direct comparison of RT-ddPCR and targeted amplicon sequencing for SARS-CoV-2 mutation monitoring in wastewater

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 833, P. 155059 - 155059

Published: April 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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