bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 22, 2023
Abstract
The
spatial
and
temporal
atlas
of
gene
expression
in
the
human
embryo
at
early
gestation
is
critical
understanding
development,
organogenesis,
disease
origins.
We
obtained
spatiotemporal
transcriptome
from
90
sagittal
sections
16
whole
embryos
3
to
8
post-conception
weeks
by
Stereo-seq
with
high
resolution
ultra-large
field,
establishing
development
trajectory/regulatory
profiling
49
organs.
uncovered
organ-specific
regulons
as
potential
lineage-determining
factors
identified
new
regulatory
networks
during
heart
brain
development.
refines
key
organs/cell
types
vulnerable
virus
infection
genetic
disorders,
and,
reveals
dynamics
allelic
specific
organs
different
stages.
These
results
present
first
comprehensive
delineation
transcriptomic
organogenesis.
One
Sentence
Summary
presents
a
embryogenesis
after
gastrulation.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 175 - 175
Published: Jan. 7, 2023
The
clinical
course
and
outcome
of
COVID-19
are
highly
variable,
ranging
from
asymptomatic
infections
to
severe
disease
death.
Understanding
the
risk
factors
is
relevant
both
in
setting
at
epidemiological
level.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
host,
viral
environmental
that
have
been
shown
or
(in
some
cases)
hypothesized
be
associated
with
outcomes.
considered
detail
include
age
frailty,
genetic
polymorphisms,
biological
sex
(and
pregnancy),
co-
superinfections,
non-communicable
comorbidities,
immunological
history,
microbiota,
lifestyle
patient;
variation
infecting
dose;
socioeconomic
factors;
air
pollution.
For
each
category,
compile
(sometimes
conflicting)
evidence
for
association
factor
outcomes
(including
strength
effect)
outline
possible
action
mechanisms.
We
also
discuss
complex
interactions
between
various
factors.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Oct. 7, 2022
Abstract
Variant
of
concern
(VOC)
Omicron-BA.1
has
achieved
global
predominance
in
early
2022.
Therefore,
surveillance
and
comprehensive
characterization
advanced
primary
cell
culture
systems
animal
models
are
urgently
needed.
Here,
we
characterize
recombinant
spike
gene
mutants
comparison
with
VOC
Delta
well-differentiated
human
nasal
bronchial
epithelial
cells
vitro,
followed
by
vivo
fitness
hamsters,
ferrets
hACE2-expressing
mice,
immunized
hACE2-mice.
We
demonstrate
a
spike-mediated
enhancement
replication
cultures,
but
limited
cultures.
In
shows
dominance
over
Omicron-BA.1,
infection
is
abortive.
hACE2-knock-in
clone
also
show
an
clone,
respectively.
Interestingly,
naïve
K18-hACE2
observe
increased
pathogenicity
reduced
pathogenicity,
suggesting
that
the
major
determinant
pathogenicity.
Finally,
less
well-controlled
mRNA-vaccination
K18-hACE2-mice
becomes
more
competitive
compared
to
progenitor
clones,
gene-mediated
immune
evasion
another
important
factor
led
dominance.
Journal of Medical Virology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
94(5), P. 2167 - 2173
Published: Jan. 21, 2022
It
is
believed
that
the
subtle
equilibrium
between
tolerance
and
immunity
during
unique
biological
state
of
pregnancy,
which
characterized
by
further
physiological
hormonal
changes,
rends
pregnant
women
more
vulnerable
to
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19).
In
this
retrospective
study,
confirmed
COVID-19-positive
(n
=
15)
their
third
trimester,
comprising
asymptomatic
7)
mild
symptomatic
8),
healthy
controls
20),
were
enrolled
June
1,
2020
2021
from
Hospital
CHR
Metz-Thionville
in
Metz,
France.
Vitamin
D
concentrations,
C-reactive
protein
(CRP),
oxidative
stress
markers
including
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
catalase
(CAT),
reduced
(GSH)
oxidized
(GSSG)
glutathione
levels,
hydrogen
peroxide
(H2
O2
),
total
antioxidant
capacity,
measured
ferric
reducing
ability
plasma
(FRAP),
evaluated
serum
patients
controls.
Results
showed
all
(patients
controls)
study
vitamin
deficient
(<20
ng/ml).
However,
COVID-19
severely
(<12
ng/ml),
may
suggest
a
link
deficiency
symptomatology
illness
singleton
pregnancy.
No
differences
levels
CRP
majority
studied
(asymptomatic
and/or
mildly
patients)
versus
COVID-19-negative
found,
suggesting
absence
or
low
magnitude
with
COVID-19.
This
also
explain
severe
courses
infection.
More
studies
are
warranted
investigate
role
supplementation
antioxidant-rich
diets
prevention
against
forms
women.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
262, P. 115314 - 115314
Published: Aug. 2, 2023
Polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs)
are
a
group
of
persistent
organic
pollutants
that
carcinogenic,
mutagenic,
endocrine-toxic,
and
immunotoxic.
PAHs
can
be
found
in
maternal
fetal
blood
the
placenta
during
pregnancy.
They
may
thus
affect
placental
development.
Therefore,
exposure
levels
toxic
effects
deserve
further
study
discussion.
This
review
aims
to
summarize
current
knowledge
on
their
metabolites
pregnancy
birth
outcomes
trophoblast
cells.
A
growing
number
epidemiological
studies
detected
PAH-DNA
adducts
as
well
16
high-priority
human
showed
PAH
is
associated
with
adverse
outcomes.
Trophoblasts
important
cells
involved
development
function.
In
vitro
have
shown
either
mixtures,
benzo(a)pyrene
(BaP)
or
BaP
metabolite
benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide
(BPDE)
affected
cell
viability,
differentiation,
migration,
invasion
through
various
signaling
pathways.
Furthermore,
similar
BPDE
could
also
observed
BaP-treated
mouse
models
were
related
miscarriage.
Although
data
show
outcomes,
(population
studies,
animal
studies)
necessary
specific
different
trophoblasts
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: March 14, 2022
Overt
and
subclinical
maternal
infections
in
pregnancy
can
have
multiple
significant
pathological
consequences
for
the
developing
fetus,
leading
to
acute
perinatal
complications
and/or
chronic
disease
throughout
postnatal
life.
In
this
context,
current
concept
of
as
a
state
systemic
immunosuppression
seems
oversimplified
outdated.
Undoubtedly,
immune
system
undergoes
complex
changes
establish
maintain
tolerance
fetus
while
still
protecting
from
pathogens.
addition
downregulated
immunity,
hormonal
changes,
mechanical
adaptation
(e.g.,
restricted
lung
expansion)
make
pregnant
woman
more
susceptible
respiratory
pathogens,
such
influenza
virus,
syncytial
virus
(RSV),
severe
syndrome
coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2).
Depending
on
infectious
agent
timing
infection
during
gestation,
fetal
pathology
range
mild
severe,
even
fatal.
Influenza
is
associated
with
higher
risk
morbidity
mortality
women
than
general
population,
and,
especially
third
trimester
pregnancy,
mothers
are
at
increased
hospitalization
cardiopulmonary
illness,
their
babies
show
prematurity,
neurological
congenital
anomalies,
admission
neonatal
intensive
care.
RSV
exposure
utero
selective
deficit,
remodeling
cholinergic
innervation
tract,
abnormal
airway
smooth
muscle
contractility,
which
may
predispose
inflammation
hyperreactivity,
well
development
dysfunction
childhood.
Although
there
limited
evidence
supporting
occurrence
vertical
transmission
SARS-CoV-2,
high
prevalence
prematurity
among
infected
by
SARS-CoV-2
suggests
alter
responses
maternal-fetal
interface,
affecting
both
mother
her
fetus.
This
review
aims
summarizing
about
short-
long-term
intrauterine
influenza,
RSV,
terms
pediatric
outcomes.
Biology of Reproduction,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
108(2), P. 172 - 182
Published: Sept. 29, 2022
Abstract
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
is
a
multi-system
that
has
led
to
pandemic
with
unprecedented
ramifications.
The
challenged
scientists
for
the
past
2
years
and
brought
back
previously
abandoned
research
topics.
COVID-19
infection
causes
myriad
of
symptoms
ranging
from
mild
flu-like
severe
illness
requiring
hospitalization.
Case
reports
showed
multiple
systemic
effects
infection,
including
acute
respiratory
distress
syndrome,
fibrosis,
colitis,
thyroiditis,
demyelinating
syndromes,
mania,
indicating
can
affect
most
human
body
systems.
Unsurprisingly,
major
concern
women
all
over
globe
whether
any
long-term
on
their
menstrual
cycle,
fertility,
or
pregnancy.
Published
data
have
suggested
an
effect
reproductive
health,
we
hypothesize
reported
adverse
are
due
robust
immune
reaction
against
associated
cytokine
storm.
While
receptor
(angiotensin
converting
enzyme,
ACE2)
expressed
in
ovaries,
uterus,
vagina,
placenta,
it
plays
less
important
role
system.
Cytokines
glucocorticoids
act
hypothalamo–pituitary
gonadal
axis,
arachidonic
acid
pathways,
which
leads
disturbances
pregnancy-related
events
such
as
preterm
labor
miscarriages.
This
hypothesis
further
supported
by
apparent
lack
health
females,
when
storm
its
dampened,
no
longer
affected.
Nature Cell Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
25(8), P. 1223 - 1234
Published: July 13, 2023
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2
infection
causes
COVID-19.
Several
clinical
reports
have
linked
COVID-19
during
pregnancy
to
negative
birth
outcomes
and
placentitis.
However,
the
pathophysiological
mechanisms
underpinning
placentation
early
are
not
clear.
Here,
shed
light
on
this,
we
used
induced
trophoblast
stem
cells
generate
an
in
vitro
placenta
model.
We
identified
that
syncytiotrophoblasts
could
be
infected
through
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2).
Using
a
co-culture
model
of
vertical
transmission,
confirmed
ability
virus
infect
previous
endometrial
cell
infection.
further
demonstrated
transcriptional
changes
led
impairment
cellular
processes,
reduced
secretion
HCG
hormone
morphological
vital
for
syncytiotrophoblast
function.
Furthermore,
different
antibody
strategies
antiviral
drugs
restore
these
impairments.
In
summary,
established
scalable
tractable
platform
study
placental
types
highlighted
its
use
studying
protect
placenta.
Brain,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
146(3), P. 1175 - 1185
Published: Jan. 16, 2023
Abstract
Maternal
viral
infection
and
immune
response
are
known
to
increase
the
risk
of
altered
development
foetal
brain.
Given
ongoing
global
pandemic
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
investigating
impact
SARS-CoV-2
on
brain
health
is
critical
importance.
Here,
we
report
presence
in
first
second
trimester
tissue
association
with
cortical
haemorrhages.
spike
protein
was
sparsely
detected
within
progenitors
neurons
cortex
itself,
but
abundant
choroid
plexus
haemorrhagic
samples.
also
placenta,
amnion
umbilical
cord
tissues.
Cortical
haemorrhages
were
linked
a
reduction
blood
vessel
integrity
an
cell
infiltration
into
Our
findings
indicate
that
may
affect
during
early
gestation
highlight
need
for
further
study
its
subsequent
neurological
development.
Med,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
4(9), P. 612 - 634.e4
Published: July 8, 2023
BackgroundFunctional
placental
niches
are
presumed
to
spatially
separate
maternal-fetal
antigens
and
restrict
the
vertical
transmission
of
pathogens.
We
hypothesized
a
high-resolution
map
transcription
could
provide
direct
evidence
for
niche
microenvironments
with
unique
functions
profiles.MethodsWe
utilized
Visium
Spatial
Transcriptomics
paired
H&E
staining
generate
17,927
spatial
transcriptomes.
By
integrating
these
transcriptomes
273,944
single-cell
single-nuclei
transcriptomes,
we
generated
an
atlas
composed
at
least
22
subpopulations
in
maternal
decidua,
fetal
chorionic
villi,
chorioamniotic
membranes.FindingsComparisons
placentae
from
uninfected
healthy
controls
(n
=
4)
COVID-19
asymptomatic
symptomatic
5)
infected
participants
demonstrated
that
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
detection
syncytiotrophoblasts
occurred
both
presence
absence
clinical
disease.
With
transcriptomics,
found
limit
SARS-CoV-2
was
1/7,000
cells,
without
detectable
viral
transcripts
were
unperturbed.
In
contrast,
high
transcript
levels
associated
significant
upregulation
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
interferon-stimulated
genes,
altered
metallopeptidase
signaling
(TIMP1),
coordinated
shifts
macrophage
polarization,
histiocytic
intervillositis,
perivillous
fibrin
deposition.
Fetal
sex
differences
gene
expression
responses
limited,
confirmed
mapping
limited
decidua
males.ConclusionsHigh-resolution
transcriptomics
resolution
revealed
dynamic
coordinate
clinically
evident
disease.FundingThis
work
supported
by
NIH
(R01HD091731
T32-HD098069),
NSF
(2208903),
Burroughs
Welcome
Fund
March
Dimes
Preterm
Birth
Research
Initiatives,
Career
Development
Award
American
Society
Gene
Cell
Therapy.