Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Abstract Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development and regulatory approval of tumor immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy antibody-based therapies, especially for solid tumors. Neoantigens are newly formed antigens generated by cells as a result various tumor-specific alterations, such genomic mutation, dysregulated RNA splicing, disordered post-translational modification, integrated viral open reading frames. recognized non-self trigger an immune response that is not subject to central peripheral tolerance. The quick identification prediction neoantigens been made possible advanced next-generation sequencing bioinformatic technologies. Compared tumor-associated antigens, highly immunogenic provide emerging targets personalized serve prospective predictors survival prognosis checkpoint blockade responses. therapies will be aided understanding mechanism underlying neoantigen-induced anti-tumor streamlining process neoantigen-based immunotherapies. This review provides overview on characterization outlines clinical applications immunotherapeutic strategies based neoantigens. We also explore their current status, inherent challenges, translation potential.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Engineered Materials for Immunotherapy‐Involved Combination Cancer Therapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(31)

Published: May 28, 2021

Abstract Immunotherapy that can activate immunity or enhance the immunogenicity of tumors has emerged as one most effective methods for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, single‐mode immunotherapy is still confronted with several critical challenges, such low immune response, tumor infiltration, and complex immunosuppression microenvironment. Recently, combination other therapeutic modalities a powerful strategy to augment outcome in fighting against cancer. In this review, recent research advances chemotherapy, phototherapy, radiotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, metabolic microwave thermotherapy are summarized. Critical challenges future direction immunotherapy‐based also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Bioinspired and Biomimetic Delivery Platforms for Cancer Vaccines

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(1)

Published: Oct. 14, 2021

Abstract Cancer vaccines aim at eliciting tumor‐specific responses for the immune system to identify and eradicate malignant tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. Furthermore, cancer can potentially induce long‐term immunological memory antitumor responses, preventing metastasis recurrence, thus presenting an attractive treatment option in immunotherapy. However, clinical efficacy of has remained low due longstanding challenges, such as poor immunogenicity, immunosuppressive microenvironment, heterogeneity, inappropriate tolerance, systemic toxicity. Recently, bioinspired materials biomimetic technologies have emerged play a part reshaping field nanomedicine. By mimicking desirable chemical biological properties nature, engineering vaccine delivery platforms effectively transport therapeutic cargos sites, amplify antigen adjuvant bioactivities, enable spatiotemporal control on‐demand immunoactivation. As such, integration designs into enhance retaining good safety profiles, which contributes expediting translation vaccines. Recent advances vaccines, existing obstacles faced, well insights future directions are discussed here.

Language: Английский

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Identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma for mRNA vaccine development

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 8, 2021

The mRNA-based cancer vaccine has been considered a promising strategy and the next hotspot in immunotherapy. However, its application on cholangiocarcinoma remains largely uncharacterized. This study aimed to identify potential antigens of for development anti-cholangiocarcinoma mRNA vaccine, determine immune subtypes selection suitable patients from an extremely heterogeneous population.Gene expression profiles corresponding clinical information were collected GEO TCGA, respectively. cBioPortal was used visualize compare genetic alterations. GEPIA2 calculate prognostic index selected antigens. TIMER correlation between infiltration antigen-presenting cells identified Consensus clustering analysis performed subtypes. Graph learning-based dimensionality reduction conducted landscape cholangiocarcinoma.Three tumor antigens, such as CD247, FCGR1A, TRRAP, correlated with superior prognoses cholangiocarcinoma. Cholangiocarcinoma stratified into two characterized by differential molecular, cellular features. Patients IS1 had "hot" immunosuppressive phenotype, whereas those IS2 "cold" phenotype. Interestingly, survival than tumor. Furthermore, distinct checkpoints immunogenic cell death modulators observed different subtype tumors. Finally, revealed components individual patient.CD247, TRRAP are against cholangiocarcinoma, specifically Therefore, this provides theoretical basis defines vaccination.

Language: Английский

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The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 7, 2023

Abstract Over the past several decades, mRNA vaccines have evolved from a theoretical concept to clinical reality. These offer advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including their high potency, rapid development, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration. However, until recently, concerns instability inefficient distribution of in vivo limited utility. Fortunately, recent technological advancements mostly resolved these concerns, resulting development numerous vaccination platforms for infectious diseases various types cancer. shown promising outcomes both animal models humans. This study highlights potential as alternative approach conventional techniques cancer treatment. review article aims provide thorough detailed examination vaccines, mechanisms action applications immunotherapy. Additionally, will analyze current state technology highlight future directions implementation this platform mainstream therapeutic option. The also discuss challenges limitations such stability distribution, suggest ways overcome issues. By providing comprehensive overview critical analysis contribute advancement innovative

Language: Английский

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Organic Sonodynamic Materials for Combination Cancer Immunotherapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(51)

Published: June 1, 2023

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising non-invasive therapeutic modality to treat deep-seated tumors owing the good tissue penetration ability and spatiotemporal controllability of ultrasound (US); however, low sonodynamic activity potential side effects greatly limit its clinical translation. Cancer immunotherapy that leverages immune system fight against cancer has great synergize with SDT for treatment high efficiency safety. In this review, convergence exert their merits break through limitations combination sono-immunotherapy are discussed. The focus on development construction organic materials immunotherapeutic efficiency. These not only induce immunogenic cell death improve tumor immunogenicity via but also activate antitumor immunity immuno-oncology drug-mediated pathway modulation. various drugs sonosensitizers categorized discussed along prospects challenges

Language: Английский

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In situ generation of micrometer-sized tumor cell-derived vesicles as autologous cancer vaccines for boosting systemic immune responses

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Cancer vaccine, which can promote tumor-specific immunostimulation, is one of the most important immunotherapeutic strategies and holds tremendous potential for cancer treatment/prevention. Here, we prepare a series nanoparticles composed doxorubicin- tyrosine kinase inhibitor-loaded hyaluronic acid-coated dendritic polymers (termed HDDT nanoparticles) find that convert various cells to micrometer-sized vesicles (1.6−3.2 μm; termed HMVs) with ~100% cell-to-HMV conversion efficiency. We confirm in two tumor-bearing mouse models restrain tumor growth, induce robust immunogenic cell death, primary into an antigen depot by producing HMVs situ serve as personalized vaccines immunotherapy. Furthermore, HDDT-healed mice show strong immune memory effect treatment realize long-term protection against rechallenge. Collectively, present work provides general strategy preparation tumor-associated antigen-containing development vaccines. Autologous elicit anti-tumor responses. authors report design polymer-based loaded doxorubicin inhibitor apatinib death production immuno-stimulatory vesicles, promoting responses preclinical models.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in chemical protein synthesis: method developments and biological applications

Science China Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67(4), P. 1060 - 1096

Published: March 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 25, 2024

Abstract The innate immune pathway is receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy. This ubiquitous across various cell types, not only cells but also adaptive cells, tumor and stromal cells. Agonists targeting the have shown profound changes microenvironment (TME) improved prognosis preclinical studies. However, to date, clinical success of drugs remains limited. Interestingly, recent studies that activation can paradoxically promote progression. uncertainty surrounding therapeutic effectiveness targeted for a critical issue needs immediate investigation. In this review, we observe role demonstrates heterogeneity, linked development stage, status, specific types. We propose within TME, exhibits multidimensional diversity. diversity fundamentally rooted cellular heterogeneity manifested as variety signaling networks. pro-tumor effect essentially reflects suppression classical pathways potential alternative pathways. Refining our understanding tumor’s network employing appropriate strategies enhance ability harness anti-tumor ultimately bridge gap from application.

Language: Английский

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From structural design to delivery: mRNA therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy

Exploration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Abstract mRNA therapeutics have emerged as powerful tools for cancer immunotherapy in accordance with their superiority expressing all sequence‐known proteins vivo. In particular, a small dosage of delivered mRNA, antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) can synthesize mutant neo‐antigens and multi‐antigens present epitopes to T lymphocytes elicit antitumor effects. addition, receptors like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), T‐cell (TCR), CD134, immune‐modulating factors including cytokines, interferons, antibodies specific enhance immunological response against tumors. With the maturation vitro transcription (IVT) technology, large‐scale pure encoding be synthesized quickly. However, clinical translation mRNA‐based anticancer strategies is restricted by delivering into target organs or inadequate endosomal escape efficiency mRNA. Recently, there been some advances immunotherapy, which roughly classified modifications structure development delivery systems, especially lipid nanoparticle platforms. this review, latest overcoming limitations immunotherapies recent are summarized. Challenges opportunities applications also discussed.

Language: Английский

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