Internal Exposure and Distribution of Airborne Fine Particles in the Human Body: Methodology, Current Understandings, and Research Needs

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(11), P. 6857 - 6869

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Exposure to airborne fine particles (PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) severely threatens global human health. Understanding the distribution and processes of inhaled PM2.5 in body is crucial clarify causal links between pollution diseases. In contrast extensive research on emission formation ambient environment, reports about occurrence fate humans are still limited, although many studies have focused exposure adverse effects animal models. It has been shown that PM2.5, especially ultrafine (UFPs), potential go across different biological barriers translocate into organs (i.e., blood circulation, brain, heart, pleural cavity, placenta). this Perspective, we summarize factors affecting internal relevant analytical methodology review current knowledge pathways humans. We also discuss challenges call for more identification characterization key toxic species quantification doses general population, further clarification translocation, metabolism, clearance body. way, it possible develop toxicity-based air quality standards instead currently used mass-based standards.

Language: Английский

---

Exiting the Anthropocene: Achieving personal and planetary health in the 21st century

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(12), P. 3498 - 3512

Published: June 24, 2022

Planetary health provides a perspective of ecological interdependence that connects the and vitality individuals, communities, Earth's natural systems. It includes social, political, economic ecosystems influence both individuals whole societies. In an era interconnected grand challenges threatening all systems at scales, planetary framework for cross-sectoral collaboration unified approaches to solutions. The field allergy is forefront these efforts. Allergic conditions are sentinel measure environmental impact on human in early life-illuminating how changes affect immune development predispose wider range inflammatory noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This shows adverse macroscale ecology Anthropocene penetrates molecular level personal microscale ecology, including microbial foundations ecosystems. basis more integrated efforts address widespread degradation effects maladaptive urbanization, food systems, lifestyle behaviors, socioeconomic disadvantage. Nature-based solutions improve nature-relatedness crucial restoring symbiosis, balance, mutualism every sense, recognizing choices collective structural actions needed tandem. Ultimately, meaningful will depend placing greater emphasis psychological cultural dimensions such as mindfulness, values, moral wisdom ensure sustainable resilient future.

Language: Английский

---

An actionable annotation scoring framework for gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry

Exposome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Omics-based technologies have enabled comprehensive characterization of our exposure to environmental chemicals (chemical exposome) as well assessment the corresponding biological responses at molecular level (eg, metabolome, lipidome, proteome, and genome). By systematically measuring personal exposures linking these stimuli perturbations, researchers can determine specific chemical concern, identify mechanisms biomarkers toxicity, design interventions reduce exposures. However, further advancement metabolomics exposomics approaches is limited by a lack standardization for assigning confidence annotations. While wealth data generated gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), incorporating GC-HRMS into an annotation framework communicating in assignments challenging. It essential be able compare studies across platforms build upon prior knowledge advance technology. Here, we discuss major pieces evidence provided common workflows, including retention time index, electron ionization, positive capture negative atmospheric pressure ionization spectral matching, ion, accurate mass, isotopic patterns, database occurrence, occurrence blanks. We then provide qualitative various lines adapting Schymanski scoring schema developed reporting levels liquid HRMS (LC-HRMS). Validation presented using standards spiked plasma, confident annotations outdoor indoor air samples, showing false-positive rate 12% suspect screening identifications assigned Level 2 (when structurally similar isomers are not considered false positives). This easily adaptable workflows provides concise means communicate Further validation, refinements, adoption this will ideally lead harmonization field, helping improve quality interpretability compound obtained GC-HRMS.

Language: Английский

---

A dynamic concept of animal welfare: The role of appetitive and adverse internal and external factors and the animal’s ability to adapt to them

Frontiers in Animal Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Animal welfare is a multifaceted issue that can be approached from different viewpoints, depending on human interests, ethical assumptions, and culture. To properly assess, safeguard promote animal welfare, concepts are needed to serve as guidelines in any context the kept in. Several have been developed during last half decade. The Five Freedoms concept has provided basis for developing assessment date, Domains guided those responsible safeguarding while Quality of Life focuses how individual perceives its own state. This study proposes modified extended version an earlier - Dynamic Welfare Concept (DAWCon). Based adaptability animal, taking importance positive emotional states dynamic nature into account, likely state when it mentally physically capable possesses ability opportunity react adequately sporadic or lasting appetitive adverse internal external stimuli, events, conditions. Adequate reactions elements animal’s normal behavior. They allow cope with adapt demands (prevailing) environmental circumstances, enabling reach positive, i.e., evokes emotions. paper describes role well factors influencing each which exerts their effects manner. Behavior highlighted crucial read-out parameter. As most animals under care selected certain traits may affect behavioral repertoire thorough ethograms, catalogue specific behaviors species/strain/breed study. DAWCon highlights aspects need addressed assessing stimulate future research questions.

Language: Английский

---

Integrating the social environment with an equity perspective into the exposome paradigm: A new conceptual framework of the Social Exposome

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 116485 - 116485

Published: June 22, 2023

The importance of the social environment and inequalities in disease etiology is well-known due to profound research conceptual framework on determinants health. For a long period, exposome with its classical orientation towards detrimental health effects biological, chemical, physical exposures, this knowledge remained underrepresented. But currently it gains great awareness calls for innovations rethinking role environmental determinants. To fill gap that exists terms domain within research, we propose novel Social Exposome, integrate conjunction into concept. iterative development process Exposome was based systematic compilation exposures order achieve holistic portrayal human - including social, psychosocial, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, local, regional, cultural aspects, at individual contextual levels. In move beyond mere three core principles are emphasized underly interplay multitude exposures: Multidimensionality, Reciprocity, Timing continuity. key focus understanding underlying mechanisms translate outcomes. particular, insights from equity justice have been incorporated uncover how emerge, maintained, systematically drive Three transmission pathways presented: Embodiment, Resilience Susceptibility or Vulnerability, Empowerment. may serve as strategic map for, both, intervention planning, aiming further explore impact complex alter minimize risks foster

Language: Английский

---

Gaps and future directions in research on health effects of air pollution

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 93, P. 104668 - 104668

Published: June 25, 2023

Despite progress in many countries, air pollution, and especially fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) remains a global health threat: over 6 million premature cardiovascular respiratory deaths/yr. have been attributed to household outdoor pollution. In this viewpoint, we identify present gaps monitoring regulation, how they could be strengthened future mitigation policies more optimally reduce impacts. We conclude that there is need move beyond simply regulating PM2.5 mass concentrations at central site stations. A greater emphasis needed on: new portable affordable technologies measure personal exposures particle mass; the consideration of submicron (PM1) quality standard; further evaluations effects by composition source. emphasize enable studies on exposure–health relationships underserved populations are disproportionately impacted but not sufficiently represented current studies.

Language: Английский

---

Prostate Cancer Foundation Screening Guidelines for Black Men in the United States

NEJM Evidence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(5)

Published: April 23, 2024

In the United States, Black men are at highest risk for being diagnosed with and dying from prostate cancer. Given this disparity, we examined relevant data to establish clinical prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening guidelines in States.

Language: Английский

---

Assessing human exposure to pesticides and mycotoxins: optimization and validation of a method for multianalyte determination in urine samples

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 416(8), P. 1935 - 1949

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Humans are exposed to an increasing number of contaminants, with diet being one the most important exposure routes. In this framework, human biomonitoring is considered gold standard for evaluating chemicals. Pesticides and mycotoxins chemicals special concern due their health implications. They constitute predominant border rejection notifications food feed in Europe USA. However, current studies focused on a limited compounds do not evaluate pesticides together. study, analytical method has been developed determination 30 23 urine samples. A salting-out liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) procedure was optimized achieving recoveries between 70 120% almost all limits as lower when QuEChERS applied. The were then determined by liquid chromatography coupled triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Different chromatographic conditions columns tested, selecting Hypersild aQ column best option. Finally, applied analysis 45 samples, which organophosphate pyrethroid (detection rates (DR) 82% 42%, respectively) ochratoxin deoxynivalenol (DR 51% 33%, detected compounds. proposed involves simultaneous diverse set mycotoxins, including relevant metabolites, urine. It serves essential tool presence highly prevalent contaminants modern society.

Language: Английский

---

Omics technologies in allergy and asthma research: An EAACI position paper

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(10), P. 2888 - 2908

Published: June 17, 2022

Allergic diseases and asthma are heterogenous chronic inflammatory conditions with several distinct complex endotypes. Both environmental genetic factors can influence the development progression of allergy. Complex pathogenetic pathways observed in allergic disorders present a challenge patient management successful targeted treatment strategies. The increasing availability high-throughput omics technologies, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics allows studying biochemical systems pathophysiological processes underlying responses. Additionally, techniques clinical applicability by functional identification validation biomarkers. Therefore, finding molecules or patterns characteristic for immune-inflammatory endotypes, subsequently its development, progression, treatment. There is great potential to further increase effectiveness single approaches integrating them other omics, nonomics data. Systems biology aims simultaneously longitudinally understand multiple layers multifactorial disease, allergy, several, separated data sets generating complete molecular profile condition. With use sophisticated biostatistics machine learning techniques, these provide in-depth insight into individual biological will allow efficient customized healthcare approaches, called precision medicine. In this EAACI Position Paper, Task Force "Omics technologies research" broadly reviewed current advances research, focus on methodology analysis, aiming researchers (basic clinical) desk reference field. strategies understanding disease pathophysiology key tools reach unmet needs allergy medicine, patients' stratification, accurate prognosis, prediction efficacy prevention measures highlighted.

Language: Английский

---

A call for a Human Exposome Project

ALTEX, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 4 - 33

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Four decades of the Human Genome Project and its consequences have shown how entrepreneurial state, through significant investment into science, can drive scientific progress advance biomedicine. A certain fraction diseases now be explained as caused by genetics, a more impacted genetics. Besides another pathogens, third probably largest impactor is exposure, i.e., many physicochemical lifestyle factors. This article makes case that it time to start Exposome Project, which systematically explores catalogs exposure side human health disease.The envisioned needs than scaled exposomics approach, aiming assess totality relevant exposures ~omics body fluids forming hypotheses. Exposomics increasingly complemented science biomonitoring measure mechanistic understanding, human-relevant microphysiological systems, big data, artificial intelligence (AI) mine these data integrate pieces evidence. The potential impact AI on possible so substantial we should speak exposome (EI) because this allows us expand our limited current knowledge unknown unknowns threats health.

Language: Английский

---