Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 100522 - 100522

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem class of with the potential self-healing and multidirectional differentiation. In recent years, numerous studies have shown EVs, especially those mesenchymal cells, can promote repair regeneration various tissues and, thus, significant in regenerative medicine. However, due to rapid clearance capacity circulatory system, EVs barely able act persistently at specific sites target tissues. Hydrogels good biocompatibility loose porous structural properties allow them serve as EV carriers, thereby prolonging retention certain areas slowing release EVs. When needed function sites, EV-loaded hydrogels stand an excellent approach. this review, we first introduce sources, roles, extraction characterization methods describe their current application status. We then review different types discuss factors influencing abilities carry summarize several strategies loading into characterizing hydrogels. Furthermore, applications tissue repair. This article concludes summary state research on outlook future directions, which hope will provide promising ideas researchers.

Language: Английский

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Advances and challenges in conductive hydrogels: From properties to applications

European Polymer Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 111454 - 111454

Published: July 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microneedle Patch Loaded with Exosomes Containing MicroRNA‐29b Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(13)

Published: Feb. 5, 2023

Abstract Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that poses serious threat to human health. Uncontrolled and excessive cardiac fibrosis after MI has been recognized as primary contributor mortality by heart failure. Thus, prevention of or alleviation progression important for repair. To this end, biocompatible microneedle (MN) patch based on gelatin fabricated load exosomes containing microRNA‐29b (miR‐29b) mimics with antifibrotic activity prevent MI. Exosomes are isolated from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells loaded miR‐29b via electroporation, which can be internalized effectively in fibroblasts upregulate the expression downregulate fibrosis‐related proteins. After being implanted infarcted mouse model, MN increase retention myocardium, leading inflammation, reduction infarct size, inhibition fibrosis, improvement function. This design explored suitable platform deliver biomolecules locally showing potential treatment clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Injectable Hydrogel Strategies for Heart Failure Treatment

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(19)

Published: March 13, 2023

Heart failure (HF) affects 60 million people worldwide and has developed into a global public health problem surpassing cancer urgently needs to be solved. According the etiological spectrum, HF due myocardial infarction (MI) become dominant cause of morbidity mortality. Possible treatments include pharmacology, medical device implantation, cardiac transplantation, which are limited in their ability promote long-term functional stabilization heart. Injectable hydrogel therapy emerged as minimally invasive tissue engineering treatment approach. Hydrogels can provide necessary mechanical support for infarcted myocardium serve carriers various drugs, bioactive factors, cells improve cellular microenvironment region induce regeneration. Herein, pathophysiological mechanism is explored injectable hydrogels potential solution current clinical trials applications summarized. Specifically, hydrogels, decellularized ECM variety biotherapeutic agent-loaded conductive repair were discussed, action these hydrogel-based therapies was emphasized. Finally, limitations future prospects post MI proposed inspire novel therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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M2 Macrophage‐Derived sEV Regulate Pro‐Inflammatory CCR2⁺ Macrophage Subpopulations to Favor Post‐AMI Cardiac Repair

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(14)

Published: March 22, 2023

Abstract Tissue‐resident cardiac macrophage subsets mediate tissue inflammation and repair after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)‐expressing macrophages have phenotypical similarities to M1‐polarized macrophages, are pro‐inflammatory, recruit CCR2 + circulating monocytes infarcted myocardium. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from ̶ which phenotypically resemble M2‐polarized promote anti‐inflammatory activity repair. Here, the authors harvested M2 macrophage‐derived sEV (M2 EV ) bone‐marrow‐derived for intramyocardial injection recapitulation of sEV‐mediated in ischemic‐reperfusion (I/R) injured hearts. Rats pigs received sham surgery; I/R without treatment; or with autologous treatment. rescued function attenuated injury markers, infarct size, scar size. inhibited numbers, reduced monocyte‐derived recruitment sites, induced M1‐to‐M2 switching promoted neovascularization. Analysis microRNA content revealed abundant miR‐181b‐5p, regulated glucose uptake, glycolysis, mitigated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation. Functional blockade miR‐181b‐5p is detrimental beneficial actions resulted failure inhibit numbers Taken together, this investigation showed that function, improved repair, via miR‐181b‐5p‐dependent mechanisms, indicating an option cell‐free therapy AMI.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes as therapeutic and drug delivery vehicle for neurodegenerative diseases

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders are complex, progressive, and life-threatening. They cause mortality disability for millions of people worldwide. Appropriate treatment neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is still clinically lacking due to the presence blood-brain barrier (BBB). Developing an effective transport system that can cross BBB enhance therapeutic effect neuroprotective agents has been a major challenge NDs. Exosomes endogenous nano-sized vesicles naturally carry biomolecular cargoes. Many studies have indicated exosome content, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), possess biological activities by targeting several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, oxidative stress. Exosome content influence cellular function healthy or pathological ways. Furthermore, since exosomes reflect features parental cells, their cargoes offer opportunities early diagnosis intervention diseases. unique characteristics make them ideal delivering drugs directly brain. These include ability pass through BBB, biocompatibility, stability, innate properties. This review emphasizes role alleviating NDs discusses associated molecular mechanisms. exosomes, making promising natural transporter various medications brain combat NDs, also discussed.

Language: Английский

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A Novel Conductive Polypyrrole‐Chitosan Hydrogel Containing Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomes Facilitated Sustained Release for Cardiac Repair

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Abstract Myocardial infarction (MI) results in cardiomyocyte necrosis and conductive system damage, leading to sudden cardiac death heart failure. Studies have shown that biomaterials can restore conduction, but cannot facilitate tissue regeneration. This study aims add regenerative capabilities the biomaterial by incorporating human endometrial mesenchymal stem cell (hEMSC)‐derived exosomes (hEMSC‐Exo) into poly‐pyrrole‐chitosan (PPY‐CHI), yield an injectable hydrogel effectively treat MI. In vitro, PPY‐CHI/hEMSC‐Exo, compared untreated controls, PPY‐CHI, or hEMSC‐Exo alone, alleviates H 2 O ‐induced apoptosis promotes tubule formation, while vivo, PPY‐CHI/hEMSC‐Exo improves post‐MI functioning, along with counteracting against ventricular remodeling fibrosis. All these activities are facilitated via increased epidermal growth factor (EGF)/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. Furthermore, properties of able resynchronize electrical transmission alleviate arrythmia. Overall, synergistically combines PPY‐CHI improve promoting angiogenesis inhibiting apoptosis, as well resynchronizing ultimately enable more effective MI treatment. Therefore, a provides dual benefits terms maintaining conductivity, facilitating long‐term exosome release sustained application their beneficial effects.

Language: Английский

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Developing hydrogels for gene therapy and tissue engineering

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 15, 2024

Abstract Hydrogels are a class of highly absorbent and easily modified polymer materials suitable for use as slow-release carriers drugs. Gene therapy is specific can overcome the limitations traditional tissue engineering techniques has significant advantages in repair. However, therapeutic genes often affected by cellular barriers enzyme sensitivity, carrier loading essential. Therapeutic gene hydrogels well these difficulties. Moreover, gene-therapeutic have made considerable progress. This review summarizes recent research on treatment damage through summary most current frontiers. We initially introduce classification their cross-linking methods, followed detailed overview types modifications genes, discussion characterization features, design release, an applications engineering. Finally, we provide comments look forward to shortcomings future directions therapy. hope that this article will researchers related fields with more comprehensive systematic strategies repair further promote development field Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Hydrogels for Exosome Delivery in Biomedical Applications

Gels, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 328 - 328

Published: May 24, 2022

Hydrogels, which are hydrophilic polymer networks, have attracted great attention, and significant advances in their biological biomedical applications, such as for drug delivery, tissue engineering, models medical studies, been made. Due to similarity physiological structure, hydrogels highly compatible with extracellular matrices tissues can be used both carriers encapsulate cellular secretions. As small vesicles secreted by nearly all mammalian cells mediate cell–cell interactions, exosomes play very important roles therapeutic approaches disease diagnosis. To maintain activity achieve controlled release, a strategy that embeds composite system has focused on recent studies. Therefore, this review aims provide thorough overview of the use embedding including resources making properties hydrogels, strategies combination exosomes.

Language: Английский

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Advances in the study of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac cells for the treatment of myocardial infarction

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Acute myocardial infarction has long been the leading cause of death in coronary heart disease, which is characterized by irreversible cardiomyocyte and restricted blood supply. Conventional reperfusion therapy can further aggravate injury. Stem cell therapy, especially with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), emerged as a promising approach to promote cardiac repair improve function. MSCs may induce these effects secreting exosomes containing therapeutically active RNA, proteins lipids. Notably, normal function depends on intracardiac paracrine signaling via exosomes, secreted partially reflect changes during so analyzing vesicles provide valuable insights into pathology well guide development new treatments. The present review examines how produced influence injury after serve therapies against such Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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