The Prevalence and Pathophysiology of Chemical Sense Disorder Caused by the Novel Coronavirus DOI Creative Commons
Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan, Pooja Shivappa,

Sreeshma Padiyath

et al.

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 6, 2022

Emerging viral infections are a ceaseless challenge and remain global public health concern. The world has not yet come back to normal from the devastating effects of highly contagious pathogenic novel coronavirus, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Olfactory taste dysfunction is common in patients infected by coronavirus. In light emergence different coronavirus variants, it important update prevalence pathophysiology these side effects. this review, articles published on olfactory disease (COVID-19) their possible pathophysiologic mechanisms have been reviewed reported. modulatory role SARS-CoV-2 variants chemical senses then described. clinical relevance sense disorder its long-term morbidity management also discussed.

Language: Английский

Molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants DOI Creative Commons
Cong Sun, Chu Xie,

Guo‐Long Bu

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 28, 2022

Abstract The persistent COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has brought an enormous public health burden to the global society and is accompanied by various evolution of virus genome. consistently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring critical mutations impact molecular characteristics viral proteins display heterogeneous behaviors in immune evasion, transmissibility, clinical manifestation during infection, which differ each strain endow them with distinguished features populational spread. Several variants, identified as Variants Concern (VOC) World Health Organization, challenged efforts on control due rapid worldwide spread enhanced evasion from current antibodies vaccines. Moreover, recent Omicron variant even exacerbated anxiety continuous pandemic. Its significant medical treatment disease highlights necessity combinatory investigation mutational pattern influence dynamics against immunity, would greatly facilitate drug vaccine development benefit policymaking. Hence this review, we summarized characteristics, impacts focused parallel comparison different profile, transmissibility tropism alteration, effectiveness, manifestations, order provide a comprehensive landscape for research.

Language: Английский

Citations

116
Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: new insights into the underlying mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Rafał Butowt, Katarzyna Bilińska, Christopher S. von Bartheld

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 75 - 90

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

91
Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction with the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis DOI Creative Commons
Christopher S. von Bartheld,

Lingchen Wang

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 430 - 430

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

The omicron variant is thought to cause less olfactory dysfunction than previous variants of SARS-CoV-2, but the reported prevalence differs greatly between populations and studies. Our systematic review meta-analysis provide information regarding regional differences in as well an estimate global based on 62 studies reporting 626,035 patients infected with variant. omicron-induced European ancestry 11.7%, while it significantly lower all other populations, ranging 1.9% 4.9%. When ethnic population sizes are considered, adults estimated be 3.7%. Omicron's effect olfaction twofold tenfold that alpha or delta according meta-analyses our analysis directly compared variants. profile ethnicities mirrors results a recent genome-wide association study connected gene locus encoding odorant-metabolizing enzyme, UDP glycosyltransferase, extent COVID-19-related loss smell. consistent hypothesis this enzyme contributes observed differences.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Why Does the Omicron Variant Largely Spare Olfactory Function? Implications for the Pathogenesis of Anosmia in Coronavirus Disease 2019 DOI
Rafał Butowt, Katarzyna Bilińska,

Christopher von Bartheld

et al.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 226(8), P. 1304 - 1308

Published: March 25, 2022

The omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes much less olfactory dysfunction than the previous variants. There are several potential mechanisms for how may change tissue tropism and spare function. new mutations make more hydrophobic alkaline variants, which reduce penetration mucus layer. Overall, minimally receptor binding affinity, but entry efficiency into host cells is reduced in expressing transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2). Because support epithelium abundantly express TMPRSS2, these main target become infected by variant.

Language: Английский

Citations

66
In vitro and in vivo differences in neurovirulence between D614G, Delta And Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants DOI Creative Commons
Lisa Bauer, Melanie Rissmann, Feline F. W. Benavides

et al.

Acta Neuropathologica Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with various neurological complications. Although the mechanism not fully understood, several studies have shown that neuroinflammation occurs in and post-acute phase. As these predominantly been performed isolates from 2020, it unknown if there are differences among SARS-CoV-2 variants their ability to cause neuroinflammation. Here, we compared neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism neurovirulence of ancestral strain D614G, Delta (B.1.617.2) Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) using vitro vivo models. The variant showed reduced D614G human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical neurons co-cultured astrocytes. Similar were obtained Syrian hamsters inoculated 5 days post infection. Replication olfactory mucosa was observed all hamsters, but most prominently hamsters. Furthermore, neuroinvasion into CNS via nerve or bulb D614G. Altogether, our findings suggest neuroinvasive, neurotropic neurovirulent potential between hiPSC-derived neural cultures during phase

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Variants Is Associated with Different Long COVID Phenotypes DOI Creative Commons
Michele Spinicci, Lucia Graziani, Marta Tilli

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 2367 - 2367

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

COVID-19 has been associated with a broad range of long-term sequelae, commonly referred to as “long-COVID” or “post-COVID-19” syndrome. Despite an increasing body literature, long COVID remains poorly characterized. We retrospectively analysed data from electronic medical records patients admitted the post-COVID-19 outpatient service Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy, between June 2020 2021, 4–12 weeks after hospital discharge. A total 428 patients, 41% women, median age 64 years, underwent follow-up visit 53 days Overall, 76% reported at least one persistent symptom, including dyspnoea (37%), chronic fatigue (36%), insomnia (16%), visual disorders (13%) brain fog (13%). Increasing oxygen support (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8), use immunosuppressants 6.4, 1.5–28) female sex 1.8, 1.1–2.9) were higher risk symptoms. Comparison symptomatic infected in period March–December (prevalent circulation wild-type SARS-CoV-2) those January–April 2021 B.1.1.7 Alpha variant) showed significant modification pattern symptoms belonging neurological cognitive/emotional categories. Our findings confirmed shortness breath most frequent manifestations, while severe course main factors for developing lingering SARS-CoV-2 variants may induce different phenotypes, possibly due changes cell tropism differences viral–host interaction.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Diagnostics and analysis of SARS-CoV-2: current status, recent advances, challenges and perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Tao Dong, Mingyang Wang,

Junchong Liu

et al.

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 6149 - 6206

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The disastrous spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has induced public healthcare issues and weakened the global economy significantly. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is not as fatal initial outbreak, many infected victims suffer from long COVID. Therefore, rapid large-scale testing critical in managing patients alleviating its transmission. Herein, we review recent advances techniques to detect SARS-CoV-2. sensing principles are detailed together with their application domains analytical performances. In addition, advantages limits each method discussed analyzed. Besides molecular diagnostics antigen antibody tests, also neutralizing antibodies emerging variants. Further, characteristics mutational locations different variants epidemiological features summarized. Finally, challenges possible strategies prospected develop new assays meet diagnostic needs. Thus, this comprehensive systematic detection technologies may provide insightful guidance direction for developing tools diagnosis analysis support effective long-term pandemic management control.

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Changes in Symptoms Experienced by SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals – From the First Wave to the Omicron Variant DOI Creative Commons

Hansjörg Schulze,

Wibke Bayer

Frontiers in Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: July 1, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic and public health crisis since the beginning of 2020. First recognized for induction disease, virus also causes asymptomatic infections or with mild symptoms that can resemble common colds. To provide better understanding these SARS-CoV-2 to monitor development over time, we performed detailed analysis self-reported positive negative individuals. In an online-based survey, total 2117 individuals provided information on associated infection, 1925 participants had tested 192 negative. reported most frequently during early phases by infected were tiredness, headache, impairment smell taste dry cough. With spread alpha delta variants, frequency nose such as blocked runny sneezing increased being almost 60% Interestingly, omicron variant brought sharp decrease in incidence impaired sense taste, which was only 24% this phase pandemic. constellation should be monitored closely months ahead, future variants are likely bring about more changes.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Revealing the mystery of persistent smell loss in long COVID patients DOI Creative Commons
Jung Woo Park, Xiaoyan Wang,

Ren‐He Xu

et al.

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(12), P. 4795 - 4808

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

COVID-19 is hopefully approaching its end in many countries as herd immunity develops and weaker strains of SARS-CoV-2 dominate.However, a new concern occurs over the long-term effects COVID-19, collectively called "Long COVID", some symptoms nervous system last even after patients recover from COVID-19.This review focuses on studies anosmia, i.e., impairment smell, which most common sensory defect during disease course caused by olfactory dysfunctions.It remains mysterious how functions are affected since virus can't invade receptor neurons.We describe several leading hypotheses about mystery hope to provide insights into pathophysiology treatment strategies for anosmia.

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in D614G, alpha, delta and omicron waves: a psychophysical case-control study DOI
Luigi Angelo Vaira, Jérôme R. Lechien, Giovanna Deiana

et al.

Rhinology Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 0(0), P. 0 - 0

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence olfactory dysfunction (OD) at different stages COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating subjects diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during Omicron wave psychophysical tests and comparing results those obtained from patients infected D614G, Alpha Delta waves a control group. Methodology: included adult infection. Depending on time diagnosis, were divided into four groups: D614G; Alpha, variant groups. A group uninfected individuals used as control. All underwent evaluation function Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test (D614G groups) or extended version Sniffin'Sticks (Delta, groups). Results: 372 cases (134 D614G group, 118 32 in 88 group) recruited evaluated within 10 days infection, alongside 80 controls. Patients self-reported loss 72.4% 75.4% 65.6% 18.1% Psychophysical revealed OD: 80.6%, 83.0%, 36.3% respectively. differences between groups not statistically significant. demonstrated significantly lower OD than other variants but still higher Conclusions: During less prevalent periods. One-third have reduced wave. Our should be considered caution VOC has been determined certainty.

Language: Английский

Citations

29