Persisting anosmia after COVID-19 infection: The continuing mystery DOI Creative Commons

S Sherinsha,

Archana Singh‐Manoux, Radhakrishnan Rajesh

et al.

Journal of Medical and Scientific Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(02), P. 134 - 137

Published: April 2, 2024

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has had a massive impact on global health-care systems and economic stability. Smell taste dysfunction is now recognized as one of the cardinal symptoms COVID-19. Since prevalence olfactory in infection varies from place to place, this study was done find out infection, its persistence follow-up tertiary care centre situated Alappuzha (South India). Methods: The present hospital based descriptive study. 150 patients with Infection who presented during period 6 months were selected, their detailed history, clinical findings investigation results recorded proforma. Follow-up for 2 years. Results: Among 114 (76%) them dysfunction. There no significant difference gender or age distribution, those dysfunction, 88 (77.2%) faster recovery within weeks. On follow-up, there even after Conclusion: seen among much more than that described studies other places. long some matter needs further research bring causative factors. Keywords: COVID-19; Olfactory dysfunction; anosmia; prevalence;

Language: Английский

The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID DOI Creative Commons
Jingwei Li, Yun Zhou, Jiechao Ma

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Abstract There have been hundreds of millions cases coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the growing population recovered patients, it crucial to understand long-term consequences and management strategies. Although COVID-19 was initially considered an illness, recent evidence suggests that manifestations including but not limited those cardiovascular, respiratory, neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, reproductive, musculoskeletal systems may persist long after phase. These persistent manifestations, also referred as COVID, could impact all patients with across full spectrum illness severity. Herein, we comprehensively review current literature on highlighting its epidemiological understanding, vaccinations, organ-specific sequelae, pathophysiological mechanisms, multidisciplinary In addition, psychological psychosomatic factors underscored. Despite these findings diagnostic therapeutic strategies based previous experience pilot studies remain inadequate, well-designed clinical trials should be prioritized validate existing hypotheses. Thus, propose primary challenges concerning biological knowledge gaps efficient remedies well discuss corresponding recommendations.

Language: Английский

Citations

65
Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Mohammed R. Shaker, Andrii Slonchak, Bahaa H. Almhanawi

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(23)

Published: June 5, 2024

Why individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2–induced neuropathology remains elusive. Choroid plexus (ChP) plays critical roles in barrier function and immune response modulation expresses the ACE2 receptor chromosome 21–encoded TMPRSS2 protease, suggesting its substantial role establishing SARS-CoV-2 infection brain. To explore this, we established brain organoids from DS isogenic euploid iPSC that consist of a core functional cortical neurons surrounded by ChP-like epithelium (ChPCOs). DS-ChPCOs recapitulated abnormal development revealed defects ciliogenesis epithelial cell polarity epithelium. We then demonstrated facilitates replication this is increased DS. Inhibiting furin activity reduced viral levels. This model enables dissection ChP neurotropic virus forebrain permits screening therapeutics for neuropathogenesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Mechanisms of long COVID: An updated review DOI Creative Commons
Yan Liu, Xiaoying Gu, Haibo Li

et al.

Chinese Medical Journal - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 231 - 240

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been ongoing for more than 3 years, with an enormous impact on global health and economies. In some patients, symptoms signs may remain after recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which cannot be explained by alternate diagnosis; this condition defined as long COVID. Long COVID exist in patients both mild is prevalent infection different SARS-CoV-2 variants. most common include fatigue, dyspnea, other involving multiple organs. Vaccination results lower rates of To date, the mechanisms unclear. narrative review, we summarized clinical presentations current evidence regarding pathogenesis

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Hippocampal alterations after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Candela Zorzo, Lucía Solares, Marta Méndez

et al.

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 455, P. 114662 - 114662

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection produces a wide range of symptoms. Some the structural changes caused by virus in nervous system are found medial temporal lobe, and several neuropsychological sequelae COVID-19 related to function hippocampus. The main objective systematic review is update further analyze existing evidence hippocampal cortices' functional alterations due infection. Both clinical preclinical studies that used different methodologies explore effects this disease at stages grades severity were considered, besides exploring cognitive emotional symptomatology. A total 24 identified searching SCOPUS, Web Of Science (WOS), PubMed, PsycInfo databases up October 3rd, 2022. Thirteen performed human samples, 9 included animal models, 3 post-mortem, 1 both post-mortem samples. Alterations hippocampus detected acute stage after months Clinical revealed connectivity metabolism. Memory correlated with altered metabolic profiles or grey matter volumes. Hippocampal postmortem observed neurogenesis, dendrites, immune response, high apoptosis neuroinflammation. Preclinical reported viral load Olfactory dysfunction was associated brain functionality. Several complaints, alterations, depressive anxious

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in the Treatment of Long COVID Olfactory Disorders: A Comprehensive Review DOI Creative Commons
Antonino Maniaci, Salvatore Lavalle,

Edoardo Masiello

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 808 - 808

Published: April 5, 2024

Long COVID has brought numerous challenges to healthcare, with olfactory dysfunction (OD) being a particularly distressing outcome for many patients. The persistent loss of smell significantly diminishes the affected individual's quality life. Recent attention been drawn potential platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy as treatment OD. This comprehensive review aims evaluate effectiveness PRP in ameliorating OD, especially when associated long-term COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction DOI Creative Commons
Shunmei Chen,

Shufen Wang

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 17, 2023

During the first waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, olfactory dysfunction (OD) was reported as a frequent clinical sign. The nasal epithelium is one front-line protections against viral infections, and immune responses mucosa may be associated with OD. Two mechanisms underlying OD occurrence in COVID-19 have been proposed: infection sustentacular cells inflammatory reaction epithelium. former triggers latter likely prolongs These two alternative act parallel; more important for because are to entry point SARS-CoV-2 than neurons susceptible early injury. Furthermore, abundantly express transmembrane protease, serine (TMPRSS2) play major role has revealed crucial roles cells. This review aims elucidate how contribute COVID-19–related Understanding aid development improved medical treatments

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Recovery rates and long‐term olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 infection DOI Creative Commons

M. A. O. DIAS,

Zara Shaida,

Nora Haloob

et al.

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 121 - 128

Published: March 19, 2024

Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most recognized symptoms COVID-19, significantly impacting quality life, particularly in cases where recovery prolonged. This review aims to explore patterns olfactory post-COVID-19 infection, with particular focus on delayed recovery.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Cognitive Sequelae of COVID‐19: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Approaches DOI Creative Commons
Yuhao Chen, Jing‐Shiun Jan, Chih‐Hao Yang

et al.

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on the world, with mounting evidence suggesting that it not only posed acute challenges to global healthcare systems but also unveiled a complex array of long‐term consequences, particularly cognitive impairment (CI). As persistence post‐COVID‐19 neurological syndrome could evolve into next public health crisis, is imperative gain better understanding intricate pathophysiology CI in patients and viable treatment strategies. Methods This comprehensive review explores management across phases COVID‐19, from infection Long‐COVID, by synthesizing findings clinical, preclinical, mechanistic studies identify key contributors CI, as well current therapeutic approaches. Results Key mechanisms contributing include persistent neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular complications, direct neuronal injury, activation kynurenine pathway, psychological distress. Both pharmacological interventions, such anti‐inflammatory therapies agents targeting neuroinflammatory pathways, non‐pharmacological strategies, including rehabilitation, show promise addressing these challenges. Although much derived preclinical animal studies, provide foundational insights potential Conclusion By knowledge, this highlights importance COVID‐19‐related offers actionable for mitigation recovery community continues grapple pandemic's impact.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Scent of COVID-19: Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Role of ACE2, IFI44, and NDUFAF4 in Long-Lasting Olfactory Dysfunction DOI Creative Commons
Beatrice Spedicati, Alessandro Pecori, Maria Pina Concas

et al.

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 56 - 56

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

COVID-19-related persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) presents remarkable interindividual differences, and little is known about the host genetic factors that are involved in its etiopathogenesis. The goal of this study was to explore underpinning OD through analysis Whole Genome Sequencing data 153 affected subjects, focusing on genes antiviral response regulation. An innovative approach developed, namely assessment association between a "gene score", defined as ratio number homozygous alternative variants within gene length, participants' function. highlighted how an increased score ACE2 associated with worse performance, while IFI44 NDUFAF4 better Considering physiological role proteins encoded by these genes, it can be hypothesized reduced expression may protracted severe inflammatory epithelium, thus worsening patients' smell abilities. Conversely, might decreased response, correlating performance. Overall, identified new play pivotal determining heterogeneity, possibly enabling more personalized effective clinical management for individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Mechanism and treatment of olfactory dysfunction caused by coronavirus disease 2019 DOI Creative Commons

Bian Hu,

Mengdan Gong,

Yizhen Xiang

et al.

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since start of pandemic, olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been reported as a common symptom COVID-19. In some asymptomatic carriers, OD often first and even only symptom. At same time, persistent also long-term sequela seen after COVID-19 that can have serious impact on quality life patients. However, pathogenesis post-COVID-19 still unclear, there no specific treatment for its The aim this paper was to review research SARS-CoV-2 infection summarize mechanism action, pathogenesis, current treatments.

Language: Английский

Citations

7