Millimeter-scale flexible robots with programmable three-dimensional magnetization and motions

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(29)

Published: April 10, 2019

Flexible magnetic small-scale robots use patterned magnetization to achieve fast transformation into complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes and thereby locomotion capabilities functions. These address current challenges for microrobots in drug delivery, object manipulation, minimally invasive procedures. However, possible microrobot designs are limited by the existing methods patterning particles flexible materials. Here, we report a method hard microparticles an elastomer matrix. This method, based on ultraviolet (UV) lithography, uses controlled reorientation of selective exposure UV light encode planar materials with arbitrary 3D orientation geometrical feature size as small 100 micrometers. Multiple various sizes, different geometries, profiles can be fabricated from single precursor one process. Moreover, profile allows higher-order multi-axis bending, large-angle combined bending torsion sheet polymer, creating previously unachievable shape changes microrobotic mechanisms such multi-arm power grasping multi-legged paddle crawling. A physics-based model is also presented design tool predict under actuation.

Language: Английский

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Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4999 - 5041

Published: March 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Language: Английский

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Magnetic Soft Materials and Robots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 5317 - 5364

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

In conventional classification, soft robots feature mechanical compliance as the main distinguishing factor from traditional made of rigid materials. Recent advances in functional materials have facilitated emergence a new class capable tether-free actuation response to external stimuli such heat, light, solvent, or electric magnetic field. Among various types stimuli-responsive materials, shown remarkable progress their design and fabrication, leading development with unique advantages potential for many important applications. However, field is still its infancy requires further advancements terms principles, fabrication methods, control mechanisms, sensing modalities. Successful future would require comprehensive understanding fundamental principle actuation, well physical properties behavior this review, we discuss recent modeling simulation, robots. We then give set guidelines optimal performance Lastly, summarize biomedical applications provide our perspectives on next-generation

Language: Английский

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Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(21)

Published: Oct. 4, 2020

Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization these robotic platforms has led numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, current trends micro nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, imaging are discussed. The use nanorobots still faces technical, regulatory, market challenges their widespread clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof concept vivo studies demonstrate potential toward

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional surface microrollers for targeted cargo delivery in physiological blood flow

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(42)

Published: May 13, 2020

Leukocyte-inspired microrollers enable upstream propulsion, controlled navigation, and targeted active drug delivery in blood flow.

Language: Английский

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Smart Materials for Microrobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 5365 - 5403

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Over the past 15 years, field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging in vivo drug delivery, intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials had a profound impact on imparted small-scale robots functionalities distinct capabilities. We identified four large categories where majority future efforts must be allocated push frontiers microrobots smart can major such advances. These areas are propulsion biocompatibility microrobots, cooperation between individual units human operators, finally, intelligence microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at latest developments these discuss how contribute progress will set stage for next generation intelligent programmable

Language: Английский

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Pros and Cons: Magnetic versus Optical Microrobots

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(20)

Published: Feb. 13, 2020

Abstract Mobile microrobotics has emerged as a new robotics field within the last decade to create untethered tiny robots that can access and operate in unprecedented, dangerous, or hard‐to‐reach small spaces noninvasively toward disruptive medical, biotechnology, desktop manufacturing, environmental remediation, other potential applications. Magnetic optical actuation methods are most widely used mobile currently, addition acoustic biological (cell‐driven) approaches. The pros cons of these reported here, depending on given context. They both enable long‐range, fast, precise single large number microrobots diverse environments. unique for medical applications inside nontransparent tissues at high penetration depths, while is suitable more lab‐/organ‐on‐a‐chip, manufacturing types with much less surface depth requirements transparent Combining robot designs have strong combining methods. There still progress needed realize real‐world conditions.

Language: Английский

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Vat photopolymerization 3D printing for advanced drug delivery and medical device applications

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 329, P. 743 - 757

Published: Oct. 5, 2020

Language: Английский

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Chitosan hydrogels in 3D printing for biomedical applications

Carbohydrate Polymers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 260, P. 117768 - 117768

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Acoustically powered surface-slipping mobile microrobots

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(7), P. 3469 - 3477

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Significance Untethered microrobots have significant applications in medical interventions such as targeted drug delivery. Here, we present an acoustically propelled microrobot that uses a fast and unidirectional surface-slipping locomotion strategy to navigate on both flat curved surfaces. The three-dimensionally microprinted contains trapped spherical air bubble harness acoustic waves for propulsion at incredibly high speeds, up 90 body lengths per second with length of about 25 µm, it can be steered by external magnetic fields. proposed has thrust force two three orders magnitude higher than microorganisms, algae bacteria, which is sufficient navigation inside vascular capillaries blood flow.

Language: Английский

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