Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 277 - 312

Published: Dec. 13, 2019

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of neurodevelopment—the dimensional model stress acceleration model—in a systematic review 109 studies using MRI-based measures neural structure function in children adolescents. Consistent with model, exposed to threat had reduced amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampal volume heightened amygdala activation majority studies; these patterns were not observed consistently deprivation. In contrast, altered frontoparietal regions deprivation but threat. Evidence for accelerated development amygdala-mPFC circuits was limited other metrics neurodevelopment. Progress charting neurodevelopmental consequences requires larger samples, longitudinal designs, more precise assessments adversity.

Language: Английский

---

Depression in young people

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 400(10352), P. 617 - 631

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) can not only lead to depression-like behavior but also change the composition of gut microbiome. Regulating microbiome have an antidepressant effect, mechanism by which it improves depressive symptoms is clear. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are small molecular compounds produced fermentation non-digestible carbohydrates. SFCAs ubiquitous in intestinal endocrine and immune cells, making them important mediators microbiome-regulated body functions. The balance between pro- anti-inflammatory microglia plays role occurrence treatment depression caused chronic stress. Non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin regulate structure We hypothesized that protects against stress-induced inflammation behaviors regulating abundance fecal microbial metabolites microglial functions.We administered 150 mg/kg intragastrically rats exposed CUMS for 4 weeks investigated microbiome, content short-chain serum brain, functional profiles hippocampal neurogenesis.Our results show ameliorated depressive-like induced CUMS, as reflected sucrose preference, open field test Morris water maze. Rifaximin increased relative Ruminococcaceae Lachnospiraceae, were significantly positively correlated with high level butyrate brain. factors released microglia, prevented neurogenic abnormalities CUMS.These suggest inflammatory function play a protective pubertal neurodevelopment during acids.

Language: Английский

---

Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders. A Narrative Review

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Background: Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate intensity and quality of emotions (such as, fear, anger, sadness), in order generate an appropriate emotional response, handle excitability, mood instability, overreactivity, come down baseline. Because ED has not been clinical entity, because plays major role child adolescent psychopathology, we decided summarize current knowledge on this topic based narrative review literature. Methods: This literature search peer-reviewed journals. We searched databases ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO PSYNDEX June 2, 2020 for peer reviewed articles published between 2000 English language preschool, school, age (2-17 years) using following terms: "emotional dysregulation" OR "affect dysregulation," retrieving 943 articles. Results: The results are presented sections: relationship psychiatric disorders (ADHD, Mood Disorders, Psychological Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Non-suicidal Self-Injury, Eating Oppositional Defiant Conduct Disruptive Dysregulation Personality Substance Use Developmental Autism Spectrum Psychosis Schizophrenia, Gaming Disorder), prevention, treatment ED. Conclusion: Basic conditions genetic disposition, experience trauma, especially sexual or physical abuse, neglect childhood adolescence, personal stress. complex comprehensive concept, aggravating number various mental disorders. Differential mandatory individual social functioning.

Language: Английский

---

Hippocampal seed connectome-based modeling predicts the feeling of stress

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: May 27, 2020

Abstract Although the feeling of stress is ubiquitous, neural mechanisms underlying this affective experience remain unclear. Here, we investigate functional hippocampal connectivity throughout brain during an acute stressor and use machine learning to demonstrate that these networks can specifically predict subjective stress. During a stressor, with network including hypothalamus (known regulate physiological stress) predicts more stressed, whereas regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (associated emotion regulation) less These do not state unrelated stress, nonhippocampal does Hippocampal are consistent, specific construct broadly informative across measures This approach provides opportunities for relating hypothesis-driven clinically meaningful states. Together, results identify modulate

Language: Английский

---

Neurostructural traces of early life adversities: A meta-analysis exploring age- and adversity-specific effects

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 135, P. 104589 - 104589

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Neuroimaging predictors of onset and course of depression in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review of longitudinal studies

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 100700 - 100700

Published: Aug. 8, 2019

Major depressive disorder (MDD) often emerges during adolescence with detrimental effects on development as well lifetime consequences. Identifying neurobiological markers that are associated the onset or course of this in childhood and is important for early recognition intervention and, potentially, prevention illness onset. In systematic review, 68 longitudinal neuroimaging studies, from 34 unique samples, examined association changes paediatric depression published up to 1 February 2019 were examined. These studies employed different imaging modalities at baseline; structural magnetic resonance (MRI), diffusion tensor (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI) electroencephalography (EEG). Most consistent evidence across was found blunted reward-related (striatal) activity (fMRI EEG) a potential biological marker both MDD course. With regard brain measures, results highly inconsistent, likely caused by insufficient power detect complex mediating genetic environmental factors small sample sizes. Overall, there limited number confounding such sex pubertal not considered, whereas these be relevant especially age range.

Language: Английский

---

Emotional Regulation and Academic Performance in the Academic Context: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in Secondary Education Students

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. 5715 - 5715

Published: May 26, 2021

Background: in the school stage, adolescents experience different emotional and motivational states involved learning process that play a fundamental role their personal academic development. In this way, study focuses on analyzing relationships between regulation, self-efficacy performance, as well possible mediating of both. Methods: included 2204 students, both male (N = 1193; 54.12%) female 1011; 45.87%) with ages ranging from 12 to 18 years (M 14.69; DT 1.76). The measures used for investigation were Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) average marks measure students’ performance. Results: results revealed self-determined behavioral pattern characterized by high scores Likewise, regulation student performance was significant. Conclusion: influence variable mediator studied constructs is denoted, importance promoting adaptive behaviors classroom can lead adequate development students together optimal

Language: Английский

---

Incredible Utility: The Lost Causes and Causal Debris of Psychological Science

Basic and Applied Social Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43(6), P. 366 - 405

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Variable-oriented, sample-based individual differences research strategies and statistical modeling approaches to causal-theoretical inference depend on their logic, coherence, justification, presumed heuristic value the tacit assumption that individuals are qualitatively same, homogeneous with respect psychological structures processes underlying overt functioning, quantitative between them produced by exactly same functioning in way within each individual. This homogeneity assumption, however, is demonstrably false invalidated a substantial body of uncontested scientific evidence documenting heterogeneity as ubiquitous, defining characteristic human functioning. irreconcilable mismatch paradigm psychologically heterogeneous realities its phenomena renders methodology intrinsically incapable advancing theoretical knowledge about causes behavioral phenomena. A detailed look at this reveals also it holds considerable explanatory power root cause slow progress replication failures research, well driving force behind psychology's inability relinquish controversial reliance null hypothesis significance testing justification standard for evaluating claims.

Language: Английский

---

Distinct Associations of Deprivation and Threat With Alterations in Brain Structure in Early Childhood

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(8), P. 885 - 894.e3

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

---