Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 277 - 312

Published: Dec. 13, 2019

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of neurodevelopment—the dimensional model stress acceleration model—in a systematic review 109 studies using MRI-based measures neural structure function in children adolescents. Consistent with model, exposed to threat had reduced amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampal volume heightened amygdala activation majority studies; these patterns were not observed consistently deprivation. In contrast, altered frontoparietal regions deprivation but threat. Evidence for accelerated development amygdala-mPFC circuits was limited other metrics neurodevelopment. Progress charting neurodevelopmental consequences requires larger samples, longitudinal designs, more precise assessments adversity.

Language: Английский

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Heterogeneity within the frontoparietal control network and its relationship to the default and dorsal attention networks

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(7)

Published: Jan. 30, 2018

Significance The frontoparietal control network (FPCN) contributes to executive control, the ability deliberately guide action based on goals. While FPCN is often viewed as a unitary domain general system, it possible that contains fine-grained internal organization, with separate zones involved in different types of control. Here, we use graph theory and meta-analytic functional profiling demonstrate composed two subsystems: A connected default regulation introspective processes, whereas B dorsal attention perceptual attention. These findings offer distinct perspective systems-level circuitry underlying cognitive

Language: Английский

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Biological aging in childhood and adolescence following experiences of threat and deprivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Psychological Bulletin, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 146(9), P. 721 - 764

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Life history theory argues that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis and systematic review testing the hypothesis ELA involving threat (e.g., violence exposure) will be associated with accelerated biological aging across multiple metrics, whereas deprivation neglect, institutional rearing) low-socioeconomic status (SES) not. meta-analyze 54 studies (n = 116,010) examining associations of pubertal timing cellular (telomere length DNA methylation age), systematically 25 3,253) neural markers development (cortical thickness amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity) evaluate whether vary according nature experienced. overall was (d -0.10) -0.21), but these varied by type. Moderator analysis revealed characterized -0.26) -0.43), SES were unrelated development. Systematic between cortical thinning, threat-related consistently thinning in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, frontoparietal, default, visual networks. There no consistent association amygdala-PFC connectivity. These findings suggest specificity types environmental experiences highlight importance evaluating how contributes health disparities process can mitigated through intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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Imaging suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a comprehensive review of 2 decades of neuroimaging studies

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 408 - 427

Published: Dec. 2, 2019

Identifying brain alterations that contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are important develop more targeted effective strategies prevent suicide. In the last decade, especially in 5 years, there has been exponential growth number of neuroimaging studies reporting structural functional circuitry correlates STBs. Within this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive review STBs published date summarize progress achieved on elucidating neurobiological substrates STBs, with focus converging findings across studies. We evidence differing mental disorders for structural, functional, molecular association which converges particularly regions systems subserve emotion impulse regulation including ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC) dorsal PFC (DPFC), insula their mesial temporal, striatal posterior connection sites, as well connections between these areas. The reviewed literature suggests impairments medial lateral VPFC may be excessive negative blunted positive internal states can stimulate ideation, DPFC inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) system suicide attempt behaviors. A combination disturbances lead very high risk circumstances ideation is converted lethal actions via decreased top-down inhibition behavior and/or maladaptive, inflexible decision-making planning. anterior cingulate play roles switching systems, transition from Future research larger sample sizes, global efforts, longitudinal designs, careful consideration developmental stages, sex gender, will facilitate effectively preventions interventions reduce loss life

Language: Английский

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Emotional processing in functional neurological disorder: a review, biopsychosocial model and research agenda

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 90(6), P. 704 - 711

Published: Nov. 19, 2018

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and highly disabling disorder, but its aetiology remains enigmatic. Conceptually, there has been reduced emphasis on the role of psychosocial stressors in recent years, with corresponding increase neurobiological explanations. However, wealth evidence supports adversities (eg, stressful life events, interpersonal difficulties) as important risk factors for FND. Therefore, need to integrate (environmental) sensorimotor cognitive functions) contemporary models Altered emotional processing may represent key link between core features Here, we summarise critically appraise experimental studies FND using behavioural, psychophysiological and/or neuroimaging measures conjunction affective tasks. We propose that enhanced preconscious (implicit) emotionally salient stimuli, associated elevated limbic reactivity amygdala), contribute initiation basic affective/defensive responses via hypothalamic brainstem pathways periaqueductal grey). In parallel, affect-related brain areas simultaneously exert disruptive influence neurocircuits involved voluntary motor control, awareness regulation sensorimotor, salience, central executive networks). Limbic-paralimbic disturbances patients one several adaptations linked early, severe prolonged adversity. This perspective integrates proposes research agenda, highlighting replication existing findings, multimodal sampling across response domains further examination influences functions populations.

Language: Английский

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Towards an understanding of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 104 - 112

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Classic psychedelics, such as LSD, psilocybin, and the DMT-containing beverage ayahuasca, show some potential to treat depression, anxiety, addiction. Importantly, clinical improvements can last for months or years after treatment. It has been theorized that these long-term arise because psychedelics rapidly lastingly stimulate neuroplasticity. The focus of this review is on answering specific questions about effects Firstly, we evidence promote neuroplasticity examine cellular molecular mechanisms behind different aspects neuroplasticity, including dendritogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, expression plasticity-related genes (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor immediate early genes). We then where in brain particularly discussing prefrontal cortex hippocampus. also what doses are required produce effect hallucinogenic vs. "microdoses"), how long purported changes last. Finally, discuss likely consequences psychedelics' both patients healthy people, identify important research would further scientific understanding its applications.

Language: Английский

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The prefrontal cortex, pathological anxiety, and anxiety disorders

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 260 - 275

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Single-Prolonged Stress: A Review of Two Decades of Progress in a Rodent Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 15, 2018

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common, costly, and often debilitating psychiatric condition. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this disease are still largely unknown or poorly understood. Considerable evidence indicates that PTSD results from dysfunction in highly-conserved brain systems involved stress, anxiety, fear, reward. Pre-clinical models of traumatic exposure critical defining neurobiological PTSD, which will ultimately aid development new treatments for PTSD. Single prolonged (SPS) pre-clinical model displays behavioral, molecular, physiological alterations recapitulate many same observed illustrating its validity giving it utility as investigating post-traumatic adaptations pre-trauma risk protective factors. In manuscript, we review present state research using SPS model, with goals (1) describing tool post-trauma adaptations, (2) relating findings to patients (3) indicating gaps strategies address them order improve our understanding pathophysiology

Language: Английский

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Neurons and networks in the entorhinal cortex: A reappraisal of the lateral and medial entorhinal subdivisions mediating parallel cortical pathways

Hippocampus, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 1238 - 1254

Published: Aug. 13, 2019

Abstract In this review, we aim to reappraise the organization of intrinsic and extrinsic networks entorhinal cortex with a focus on concept parallel cortical connectivity streams. The two areas, lateral medial cortex, belonging input–output streams mediating encoding storage respectively what where information hinges claim that major component their connections is perirhinal postrhinal or parahippocampal in, respectively, rodents primates. scenario, are connectionally associated likewise postrhinal/parahippocampal partners. contrast, here argue matrix emphasizes potential substantial integration through interactions between subdivisions cortices, but most importantly new observation projects both cortex. We suggest inputs provide hippocampus high‐order complex representations external environment, its stability, as well apparent changes either an inherent feature biological environment result navigating environment. This thus indicates current connectional model region part temporal lobe memory system needs be revised.

Language: Английский

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Reappraising Reappraisal

Emotion Review, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 267 - 282

Published: Aug. 20, 2019

What psychological mechanisms enable people to reappraise a situation change its emotional impact? We propose that reappraisal works by shifting appraisal outcomes—abstract representations of how situational construal compares goals—either changing the ( reconstrual) or goal set repurposing). Instances can therefore be characterized as vectors in dimensional space. Affordances for arise from range mental models could explain malleability) and goals serve malleability). This framework helps expand our conception reappraisal, assess classify different instances predict their relative effectiveness, understand brain mechanisms, relate them individual differences.

Language: Английский

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