Genetic factors underlie the association between anxiety, attitudes and performance in mathematics DOI Creative Commons
Margherita Malanchini, Kaili Rimfeld, Zhe Wang

et al.

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2020

Abstract Students struggling with mathematics anxiety (MA) tend to show lower levels of self-efficacy and interest as well performance. The current study addresses: (1) how MA relates different aspects attitudes (self-efficacy interest), ability (understanding numbers, problem-solving ability, approximate number sense) achievement (exam scores); (2) what extent these observed relations are explained by overlapping genetic environmental factors; (3) the role general in accounting for associations. sample comprised 3410 twin pairs aged 16–21 years, from Twins Early Development Study. Negative associations comparable strength emerged between two measures attitudes, phenotypically (~ −0.45) genetically −0.70). Moderate negative phenotypic −0.35) strong −0.70) were only exception was sense whose (−0.10) (−0.31) relation weaker. Multivariate quantitative analyses indicated that all mathematics-related combined accounted ~75% variance ~20% its variance. Genetic effects largely shared across anxiety, abilities achievement, sense. This overlap not anxiety. These results have important implications future research concerned identifying underpinnings individual variation traits, developmental into children select modify their experiences partly based on predispositions.

Language: Английский

Cognitive ability and education: How behavioural genetic research has advanced our knowledge and understanding of their association DOI
Margherita Malanchini, Kaili Rimfeld, Andrea G. Allegrini

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 229 - 245

Published: Jan. 20, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Executive Functions and Impulsivity Are Genetically Distinct and Independently Predict Psychopathology: Results From Two Adult Twin Studies DOI
Naomi P. Friedman, Alexander S. Hatoum, Daniel E. Gustavson

et al.

Clinical Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 519 - 538

Published: April 20, 2020

Laboratory executive function (EF) constructs, such as response inhibition, are often conceptually linked with self-report measures of impulsivity, yet their empirical correlations low. We examined, in two twin studies ( ns = 749 and 761 individuals EF data), the phenotypic genetic overlap three latent variables (a Common factor predicting working memory updating, mental set-shifting tasks Updating- Shifting-Specific factors) five impulsivity dimensions (negative positive urgency, lack premeditation perseverance, sensation seeking). In both samples, were only modestly correlated phenotypically rs −.20–.11) genetically rAs −.44–.04) EF. multiple dimensions, particularly negative independently predicted Externalizing psychopathology, but not Internalizing psychopathology. These results suggest that EFs self-reported tap different aspects control relevant for

Language: Английский

Citations

58
The differences and similarities between curiosity and interest: Meta-analysis and network analyses DOI Creative Commons
Xin Tang, K. Ann Renninger,

Suzanne Hidi

et al.

Learning and Instruction, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 101628 - 101628

Published: May 19, 2022

Three studies on the relationship between curiosity and interest are reported. The first study was a meta-analysis that examined Pearson correlations scales assessing interest. Based 24 (31 effect sizes), we found correlated with at moderate level (r = 0.53), but they had extremely high heterogeneity. second third applied network analyses (i.e., co-occurrence analysis correlation-based analysis) to data collected using experience sampling method. Across studies, while feelings of reflected inquisitiveness, were aligned positive affect such as enjoyment happiness. Importantly, an asymmetrical pattern also in curiosity-interest co-occurrences: when occurred, highly likely, not so vice versa. Overall, our findings suggest special cases pertain knowledge acquisition. Theoretical practical implications these discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Mapping neurodevelopmental diversity in executive function DOI Creative Commons
Silvana Mareva, Joni Holmes,

Lead Investigators

et al.

Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 204 - 221

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Executive function, an umbrella term used to describe the goal-directed regulation of thoughts, actions, and emotions, is important dimension implicated in neurodiversity established malleable predictor multiple adult outcomes. Neurodevelopmental differences have been linked both executive function strengths weaknesses, but evidence for associations between specific profiles neurodevelopmental conditions mixed. In this exploratory study, we adopt unsupervised machine learning approach (self-organising maps), combined with k-means clustering identify data-driven a transdiagnostic sample 566 neurodivergent children aged 8-18 years old. We include measures designed capture two distinct aspects function: performance-based tasks tap state-like efficiency cognitive skills under optimal conditions, behaviour ratings suited capturing trait-like application control everyday contexts. Three were identified: one had consistent difficulties across types assessments, while other inconsistent predominantly rating- or task-based difficulties. Girls without formal diagnosis more likely profile primarily Children these different academic achievement mental health outcomes could further be differentiated from comparison group on shared profile-unique patterns neural white matter organisation. Importantly, children's not directly related diagnostic categories dimensions associated diagnoses (e.g., hyperactivity, inattention, social communication). These findings support idea that assessments provide non-redundant information they should interchangeably. The advance our understanding their relationship behavioural variation populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Genetic associations between non-cognitive skills and academic achievement over development DOI Creative Commons
Margherita Malanchini, Andrea G. Allegrini, Michel G. Nivard

et al.

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 2034 - 2046

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Abstract Non-cognitive skills, such as motivation and self-regulation, are partly heritable predict academic achievement beyond cognitive skills. However, how the relationship between non-cognitive skills changes over development is unclear. The current study examined associated with from ages 7 to 16 years in a sample of 10,000 children England Wales. results showed that association increased across development. Twin polygenic scores analyses found links genetics became stronger school years. within-family indicated genetic effects on could not simply be attributed confounding by environmental differences nuclear families, consistent possible role for evocative/active gene–environment correlations. By studying associations through developmental lens, we provide further insights into

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Evidence for a unitary structure of spatial cognition beyond general intelligence DOI Creative Commons
Margherita Malanchini, Kaili Rimfeld, Nicholas G. Shakeshaft

et al.

npj Science of Learning, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: July 2, 2020

Abstract Performance in everyday spatial orientation tasks (e.g., map reading and navigation) has been considered functionally separate from performance on more abstract object-based abilities mental rotation visualization). However, few studies have examined the link between skills, even fewer done so including a wide range of tests. To examine this issue generally to test structure ability, we used novel gamified battery assess six tests virtual environment their association with ten tests, as well links general cognitive ability ( g ). We further estimated role genetic environmental factors underlying variation covariation these Participants N = 2660; aged 19–22) were part Twins Early Development Study. The clustered into single ‘ Navigation’ factor that was 64% heritable. Examining across all 16 three, substantially correlated, emerged: Navigation , Object Manipulation Visualization . These, turn, loaded strongly onto Spatial Ability which highly heritable (84%). A large portion (45%) high heritability independent results point towards existence common network supports abilities.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Questionnaires and task-based measures assess different aspects of self-regulation: Both are needed DOI Open Access
Naomi P. Friedman, Marie T. Banich

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(49), P. 24396 - 24397

Published: Nov. 12, 2019

While Enkavi et al.’s (1) examination of the reliability self-regulation dependent variables (DVs) from online assessments is an important addition to field, their conclusion that “survey DVs are more appropriate for individual differences analyses [than behavioral tasks]” (p. 5476) likely overstated. Existing research indicates task-based constructs 1) highly reliable at latent variable level and 2) predict variance in real-world behavior 3) independent predicted by questionnaires. Thus, both questionnaires measures understand associated outcomes. First, psychological assessed tasks not interchangeable. al.'s finding low associations … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: Naomi.Friedman{at}colorado.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Rumination and executive functions: Understanding cognitive vulnerability for psychopathology DOI
Alta du Pont, Soo Hyun Rhee, Robin P. Corley

et al.

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 550 - 559

Published: June 22, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Investigating the Genetic Architecture of Non-Cognitive Skills Using GWAS-by-Subtraction DOI Creative Commons
Perline Demange, Margherita Malanchini, Travis T. Mallard

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2020

Abstract Educational attainment (EA) is influenced by cognitive abilities and other characteristics traits. However little known about the genetic architecture of these “non-cognitive” contributions to EA. Here, we use Genomic Structural Equation Modelling results prior genome-wide association studies (GWASs) EA (N = 1,131,881) test performance 257,841) estimate SNP associations with variation in that independent ability. We identified 157 significant loci a polygenic accounting for 57% variance Phenotypic biological annotation revealed (1) both non-cognitive were genetically correlated socioeconomic success longevity; (2) related personality, decision making, risk-behavior, increased risk psychiatric disorders; (3) enriched same tissues cell types, but (4) showed different gray-matter neuroimaging phenotypes.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Temporal Stability of Grit and School Performance in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Perspective DOI Creative Commons
Álvaro Postigo, Marcelino Cuesta, Rubén Fernández-Alonso

et al.

Psicologí a Educativa, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 77 - 84

Published: Oct. 27, 2020

Grit is a construct that related to perseverance and passion for achieving set goals. Its relationship school performance has been widely researched although the results are not conclusive. The aim of this study was examine temporal stability grit its adolescents' performance. A sample 5,371 students were evaluated at two time points, four years apart. At first evaluation, mean age 9.9 old (SD = 0.41), second it 13.87 0.82). longitudinal design used, data analysed using analysis variance, factor analysis, structural equations models. Adolescents' academic achievement fall between ages 10 14. Adolescents with higher levels had achievement. constructs correlated, which why interventions aimed improving could be important in

Language: Английский

Citations

33