Action video games normalise the phonemic awareness in pre-readers at risk for developmental dyslexia

npj Science of Learning, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Abstract Action video-games (AVGs) could improve reading efficiency, enhancing not only visual attention but also phonological processing. Here we tested the AVG effects upon three consolidated language-based predictors of development in a sample 79 pre-readers at-risk and 41 non-at-risk for developmental dyslexia. At-risk children were impaired either phonemic awareness (i.e., phoneme discrimination task), working memory pseudoword repetition task) or rapid automatized naming RAN colours task). assigned to different groups by using an unequal allocation randomization: (1) ( n = 43), (2) Serious Non-Action Video Game 11), (3) treatment-as-usual speech therapy, (4) waiting list 14). Pre- post-training comparisons show that has significantly higher improvement group compared list, non-AVG, groups, as well combined active 22). This cross-modal plastic change: (i) leads recovery when not-at-risk pre-readers; (ii) is present more than 80% pre-readers, and; (iii) maintained at 6-months follow-up. The findings indicate this specific multisensory attentional training positively affects how develops risk dyslexia, paving way innovative prevention programs.

Language: Английский

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Mastering uncertainty: A predictive processing account of enjoying uncertain success in video game play

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 26, 2022

Why do we seek out and enjoy uncertain success in playing games? Game designers researchers suggest that games whose challenges match player skills afford engaging experiences of achievement, competence, or effectance-of doing well. Yet, current models struggle to explain why such balanced best these not straightforwardly account for the appeal high- low-challenge game genres like Idle Soulslike games. In this article, show Predictive Processing (PP) provides a coherent formal cognitive framework which can fun tackling with as dynamic process reducing uncertainty surprisingly efficiently. gameplay elsewhere, people better than expected, track learning progress. different forms, balanced, Idle, alike regular accelerations reduction. We argue model also aligns popular practitioner model, Raph Koster's Theory Fun Design, unify currently differentially modelled motives around competence curiosity.

Language: Английский

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Toys as Teachers: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Object Use and Enskillment in Hunter–Gatherer Societies

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Abstract Studies of cultural transmission—whether approached by archaeological or ethnographic means—have made great strides in identifying formal teaching and learning arrangements, which turn can be closely aligned with models social learning. While novices apprentices are often focus such studies, younger children their engagement material culture have received less attention. Against the backdrop a cross-cultural database ethnographically documented object use play 54 globally distributed foraging communities, we here discuss ways make tools toys. We provide inventory objects for hunter–gatherer adolescents. find that child adolescent linked to adult culture, albeit not exclusively so. Toys were primarily handled outside explicit pedagogical contexts, there is little evidence formalised apprenticeships. Our data suggests children’s self-directed interactions objects, especially during play, has critical role early-age enskillment. Placed within niche construction framework, combine perspectives on offer an improved frame reference how varies across early human life history what may this process. our analysis improves systematic understanding relevance among societies, also case more detailed studies context ethnographic, archival transmission research.

Language: Английский

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Preschool Children’s Loose Parts Play and the Relationship to Cognitive Development: A Review of the Literature

Journal of Intelligence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 151 - 151

Published: July 28, 2023

Play is an integrative process, and the skills acquired in it-overcoming impulses, behavior control, exploration discovery, problem-solving, reasoning, drawing conclusions, attention to processes outcomes are foundational cognitive structures that drive learning motivation. Loose parts play a prominent form of many scholars educators explicitly endorse for development (e.g., divergent thinking, problem-solving). It unique among types because children can combine different natural or manufactured materials one occurrence. While policymakers promote benefits loose play, no previous research has explored direct relationship between preschool-age children's indoor experiences development. We address this gap by bringing together relevant literature synthesizing empirical studies on common with parts, namely object exploratory, symbolic pretend, constructive play. also focus examine through highlighting impact reinforcement skills, such as executive function, self-regulation, problem-solving. By examining existing evidence, we aim deepen our understanding its Ultimately, pointing out gaps would add body knowledge surrounding inform educators, policymakers, researchers about significance incorporating into early childhood education.

Language: Английский

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Forgetting ourselves in flow: an active inference account of flow states and how we experience ourselves within them

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 3, 2024

Flow has been described as a state of optimal performance, experienced universally across broad range domains: from art to athletics, gaming writing. However, its phenomenal characteristics can, at first glance, be puzzling. Firstly, individuals in flow supposedly report loss self-awareness, even though they perform manner which seems evince their agency and skill. Secondly, states are felt effortless, despite the prerequisite complexity tasks that engender them. In this paper, we unpick these features flow, well others, through active inference framework, posits action perception forms Bayesian directed sustained self-organisation; i.e., minimisation variational free energy. We propose phenomenology is rooted deployment high precision weight over (i) expected sensory consequences (ii) beliefs about how will sequentially unfold. This computational mechanism thus draws embodied cognitive system minimise ensuing (i.e., expected) energy exploitation pragmatic affordances hand. Furthermore, given challenging dynamics flow-inducing situation presents, attention must wholly focussed on unfolding task whilst counterfactual planning restricted, leading attested sense self-as-object. involves inhibition both self temporally extended object higher-order, meta-cognitive self-conceptualisation. Nevertheless, stress self-awareness not entirely lost flow. Rather, it pre-reflective bodily. Our approach bodily-action-centred can applied similar facets seemingly agentive experience beyond canonical states, providing insights into mechanisms so-called selfless experiences, expertise wellbeing.

Language: Английский

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What is ‘Being There’? An ontology of the immersive experience

Annals of the International Communication Association, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(4), P. 391 - 414

Published: July 31, 2024

Media allow individuals to feel 'whisked away' from their surroundings and absorbed into another world. Constructs such as immersion, presence, transportation, flow have been used delineate describe this experience, but few efforts made understand conceptual overlap or shared distinct underlying processes. Two studies were conducted create a model of the immersive experience applicable across media technologies contexts. First, scoping review shows these constructs are deeply intertwined often seen precursors, subcomponents, outcomes one another. Second, re-examining literature complex systems perspective, we identify three key processes: interactivity, boundary alteration, motivation, especially promising for developing an integrative ontology experience.

Language: Английский

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In praise of folly: flexible goals and human cognition

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 628 - 642

Published: April 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Playful brains: a possible neurobiological pathway to cognitive health in aging

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Healthy cognitive aging emphasizes preserving functions essential for independence and well-being. Developing interventions that promote cognition resilience in older individuals is crucial. Social playfulness, characterized by spontaneity mutual enjoyment, allows to step away from routine roles engage novel surprising exchanges. Emerging evidence suggests social playfulness a promising approach supporting joyful engaging way. In this theory hypothesis manuscript, we propose neurobiological pathway mediating the effects of on cognition. Playful interactions generate high levels uncertainty, requiring continuous adaptation exploration. We suggest these demands locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system, which crucial navigating uncertainty sustaining arousal flexibility needed adapt dynamic unpredictable nature playful interactions. Importantly, collaborative safe environment transforms uncertainty-driven noradrenergic activation into an rewarding experience, enhancing focus, positive affect, flexibility. adults, where LC-NA functionality may decline with age, could counteract upregulating system. review linking integrity health explore how might mitigate deterioration functioning training executive promoting novelty This framework bridges neuroscience, psychology, creative-arts therapies, highlighting as tool healthy aging. emphasize need further research validate its implications designing leverage enhance populations.

Language: Английский

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Environmental enrichment affects responses to novelty in juvenile Atlantic salmon

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 742327 - 742327

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

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Goals as reward-producing programs

Nature Machine Intelligence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 205 - 220

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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