Genomics of circadian rhythms in health and disease

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Abstract Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-h physiological and behavioral processes. The central circadian clock exerts over myriad aspects of mammalian physiology, including the regulation sleep, metabolism, immune system. Here, we review advances in understanding genetic sleep through system, as well impact dysregulated gene expression on metabolic function. We also recent studies have begun to unravel clock’s role controlling cardiovascular nervous systems, gut microbiota, cancer, aging. Such these systems relies, part, transcriptional regulation, with evidence for genome-wide chromosome organization. These novel insights into genomic human physiology provide opportunities discovery improved treatment strategies new biological underpinnings disease.

Language: Английский

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Circadian disruption and human health

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131(19)

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Circadian disruption is pervasive and can occur at multiple organizational levels, contributing to poor health outcomes individual population levels. Evidence points a bidirectional relationship, in that circadian increases disease severity many diseases disrupt rhythms. Importantly, increase the risk for expression development of neurologic, psychiatric, cardiometabolic, immune disorders. Thus, harnessing rich findings from preclinical translational research biology enhance via circadian-based approaches represents unique opportunity personalized/precision medicine overall societal well-being. In this Review, we discuss implications human using bench-to-bedside approach. science applied clinical population-based Given broad regulation health, Review focuses its discussion on selected examples metabolic, cardiovascular, allergic, immunologic disorders highlight interrelatedness between potential interventions, such as bright light therapy exogenous melatonin, well chronotherapy improve and/or modify outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity — an NIH workshop summary

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2020

Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune system homeostasis. Both innate adaptive responses — ranging from leukocyte mobilization, trafficking, chemotaxis to cytokine release T cell differentiation —are mediated time of day–dependent manner. The National Institutes Health (NIH) recently sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop, “Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, the Immune Response,” highlight new research linking biology function identify areas high translational potential. This Review summarizes topics discussed highlights immediate opportunities delineating clinically relevant connections among biological rhythms, sleep, regulation.

Language: Английский

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The circadian immune system

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(72)

Published: June 3, 2022

The immune system is highly time-of-day dependent. Pioneering studies in the 1960s were first to identify responses be under a circadian control. Only last decade, however, have molecular factors governing rhythms been identified. These revealed complex picture of interconnectivity rhythmicity within cells with that their environment. Here, we provide global overview system, focusing on recent advances rapidly expanding field immunology.

Language: Английский

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Basic helix–loop–helix ARNT like 1 regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of immune-related diseases

Burns & Trauma, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The circadian clock is an internal timekeeper system that regulates biological processes through a central and peripheral clocks controlling various genes. Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (ARNTL1), key component of the clock. deletion BMAL1 alone can abolish rhythms human body. plays critical role in immune cell function. Dysregulation linked to immune-related diseases such autoimmune diseases, infectious cancer, vice versa. This review highlights significant governing cells, including their development, differentiation, migration, homing, metabolism, effector functions. study explores how dysregulation have far-reaching implications potentially contribute onset sepsis, trauma. Furthermore, this discusses treatments for target disorders. Understanding impact on function provide insights into pathogenesis help development more effective treatment strategies. Targeting has been demonstrated achieve good efficacy indicating its promising potential targetable therapeutic these diseases.

Language: Английский

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Circadian control of lung inflammation in influenza infection

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2019

Influenza is a leading cause of respiratory mortality and morbidity. While inflammation essential for fighting infection, balance anti-viral defense host tolerance necessary recovery. Circadian rhythms have been shown to modulate inflammation. However, the importance diurnal variability in timing influenza infection not well understood. Here we demonstrate that endogenous affect survival infection. control mediated by enhanced as proven increased cellularity bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), pulmonary transcriptomic profile histology attributable viral burden. Better associated with time dependent preponderance NK NKT cells lower proportion inflammatory monocytes lung. Further, using series genetic mouse mutants, elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying circadian gating

Language: Английский

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Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges

Acta Physiologica, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 231(3)

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Abstract Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes drives rhythmic biological functions, as well behavioural outputs with approximately 24‐hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so‐called pacemaker the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non‐SCN brain peripheral clocks, cell‐autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional machinery on molecular level, alignment among synchronization between exogenous cycles been shown be crucial for our health well‐being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges internal example artificial lighting, shift work trans‐meridian travel, potentially leading disruption or misalignment emergence of associated diseases. For instance many us experience mismatch sleep timing free days (social jetlag) everyday lives without being aware consequences may arise from such chronic misalignment, Hence, this review provides overview organization built‐up system, its interactions outside world, pathologies arising misalignment.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk

EMBO Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(4)

Published: March 15, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Circadian Clock, the Immune System, and Viral Infections: The Intricate Relationship Between Biological Time and Host-Virus Interaction

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 83 - 83

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Living beings spend their lives and carry out daily activities interacting with environmental situations that present space-time variations involve contact other life forms, which may behave as commensals or invaders and/or parasites. The characteristics of the environment, well processes support maintenance characterize execution generally periodic variations, are mostly synchronized light–dark cycle determined by Earth’s rotation on its axis. These rhythms 24-h periodicity, defined circadian, influence events linked to interaction between hosts hosted microorganisms can dramatically determine outcome this interplay. As for various pathological conditions resulting from host–microorganism interactions, a particularly interesting scenario concerns infections viruses. When viral agent enters body, it alters biological infected cells in order favour replication spread tissues. Though our knowledge concerning mutual clock viruses is still limited, recent studies start unravel aspects clock–virus molecular Three different interplay addressed mini-review include circadian regulation both innate adaptive immune systems, impact infection itself, finally putative perturbations virus confer leading deregulation.

Language: Английский

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The Circadian Clock and Viral Infections

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 9 - 22

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

The circadian clock controls several aspects of mammalian physiology and orchestrates the daily oscillations biological processes behavior. Our rhythms are driven by an endogenous central in brain that synchronizes with clocks peripheral tissues, thereby regulating our immune system severity infections. These affect pharmacokinetics efficacy therapeutic agents vaccines. core regulatory circuits clock-regulated host pathways provide fertile ground to identify novel antiviral therapies. An increased understanding role systems play virus infection response will inform clinical management these diseases. This review provides overview experimental evidence reporting on interplay between viral infections, highlighting importance virus-clock research.

Language: Английский

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