Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 124 - 136

Published: March 19, 2017

The importance of the gut–brain axis in regulating stress-related responses has long been appreciated. More recently, microbiota emerged as a key player control this axis, especially during conditions stress provoked by real or perceived homeostatic challenge. Diet is one most important modifying factors microbiota-gut-brain axis. routes communication between and brain are slowly being unravelled, include vagus nerve, gut hormone signaling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism, microbial metabolites such short chain fatty acids. early life shaping later health outcomes also emerging. Results from preclinical studies indicate that alterations composition way antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, birth Caesarean section, infection, other environmental influences - coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term modulation physiology behaviour. implicated variety including anxiety, depression irritable bowel syndrome, although largely based on animal correlative analysis patient populations. Additional research humans sorely needed to reveal relative impact causal contribution microbiome disorders. In regard, concept psychobiotics developed refined encompass methods targeting order positively mental outcomes. At 2016 Neurobiology Stress Workshop Newport Beach, CA, group experts presented symposium “The Microbiome: Development, Stress, Disease”. This report summarizes builds upon some concepts within context how might neurobiology stress.

Language: Английский

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Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 595(2), P. 489 - 503

Published: Sept. 19, 2016

There is a growing realisation that the gut-brain axis and its regulation by microbiota may play key role in biological physiological basis of neurodevelopmental, age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The routes communication between brain are being unravelled include vagus nerve, gut hormone signalling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism or way microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids. importance early life shaping future health outcomes also emerging. Disturbances this composition antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, infection, stress environmental influences coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term effects on physiology behaviour, at least animal models. It worth noting mode delivery birth those born Caesarean section having distinctly different to per vaginum. At other extreme life, ageing associated narrowing diversity healthy correlates diverse microbiome. Recently, has been implicated variety conditions including depression, autism, schizophrenia Parkinson's disease. still considerable debate whether not changes core pathophysiology merely epiphenomenal. plausible neuropsychiatric disorders might be treated targeting either transplantation, antibiotics psychobiotics.

Language: Английский

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Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 1394 - 1404

Published: Sept. 25, 2015

Language: Английский

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Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Circuits and Signaling in Cognition and Cognitive Decline

Neuron, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 91(6), P. 1199 - 1218

Published: Sept. 1, 2016

Recent work continues to place cholinergic circuits at center stage for normal executive and mnemonic functioning provides compelling evidence that the loss of signaling cognitive decline are inextricably linked. This Review focuses on last few years studies mechanisms by which contributes circuit activity related cognition. We attempt identify areas controversy, as well consensus, what is not yet known about how in CNS processes. In addition, we delineate findings from recent extent dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Overview on Stress Neurobiology: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 3, 2018

Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research, based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon Hans Selye past century, when concept of stress emerged a biological adaptive perspective. A lot research after that period has expanded knowledge field. Since then, it was discovered response to stressful stimuli elaborated triggered the, now known, system, which integrates wide diversity brain structures that, collectively, are able detect events interpret them real or potential threats. However, different types stressors engage networks, requiring fine-tuned functional neuroanatomical processing. This integration information from stressor itself may result rapid activation Sympathetic-Adreno-Medullar (SAM) axis Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, two major components involved response. The complexity not restricted neuroanatomy SAM HPA axes mediators, but also diverge according timing duration exposure, well its short- and/or long-term consequences. identification neuronal circuits stress, their interaction with mediator molecules over time critical, only for understanding physiological responses, understand implications on mental health.

Language: Английский

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A circuit mechanism for differentiating positive and negative associations

Nature, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 520(7549), P. 675 - 678

Published: April 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 80 - 102

Published: June 12, 2015

Language: Английский

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Topographic organization of the human subcortex unveiled with functional connectivity gradients

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 1421 - 1432

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a multi-level framework

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1545 - 1557

Published: Sept. 14, 2017

The ability to adaptively regulate emotion is essential for mental and physical well-being. How should we organize the myriad ways people attempt their emotions? We explore utility of a framework that distinguishes among four fundamental classes regulation strategies. describes each strategy class in terms behavioral characteristics, underlying psychological processes supporting neural systems. A key feature this multi-level its conceptualization two orthogonal dimensions describe (i) nature goal (ranging from implicit explicit) (ii) change process more automatic controlled). After describing core elements framework, use it review human animal research on bases suggest directions future regulation.

Language: Английский

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Antagonistic negative and positive neurons of the basolateral amygdala

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 1636 - 1646

Published: Oct. 17, 2016

Language: Английский

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