Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: May 4, 2016

Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties of ocean that have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence responses life to recent climate across regions, from tropical seas polar oceans. We consider observed calcification rates, demography, abundance, distribution phenology species. draw on a database impacts species, supplemented with Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel Change. discuss factors limit or facilitate species' responses, such as fishing pressure, availability prey, habitat, light other resources, dispersal by currents. find general trends species are consistent expectations change, including poleward deeper distributional shifts, advances spring phenology, declines increases abundance warm-water The volume type variable regions taxonomic groups, much derived heavily-studied north Atlantic Ocean. Most investigations biological changing temperature, few observations effects oxygen, wave climate, precipitation (coastal waters) acidification. Observations been linked anthropogenic widespread, but still lacking some groups (e.g., phytoplankton, benthic invertebrates, mammals).

Language: Английский

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Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 556(7700), P. 231 - 234

Published: March 29, 2018

Language: Английский

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Lags in the response of mountain plant communities to climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 563 - 579

Published: Nov. 7, 2017

Rapid climatic changes and increasing human influence at high elevations around the world will have profound impacts on mountain biodiversity. However, forecasts from statistical models (e.g. species distribution models) rarely consider that plant community could substantially lag behind changes, hindering our ability to make temporally realistic projections for coming century. Indeed, magnitudes of lags, relative importance different factors giving rise them, remain poorly understood. We review evidence three types lag: "dispersal lags" affecting species' spread along elevational gradients, "establishment following their arrival in recipient communities, "extinction resident species. Variation lags is explained by variation among physiological demographic responses, effects altered biotic interactions, aspects physical environment. Of these, interactions contribute establishment extinction yet range dynamics are develop a mechanistic model illustrate how turnover future communities might simple expectations based shifts with unlimited dispersal. The shows combined contribution dispersal an gradient climate warming. Our simulation support view accounting disequilibrium be essential patterns biodiversity under change, implications conservation ecosystem functions they provide.

Language: Английский

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Long-term empirical evidence of ocean warming leading to tropicalization of fish communities, increased herbivory, and loss of kelp

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(48), P. 13791 - 13796

Published: Nov. 14, 2016

Significance Most studies of the impact global warming focus on direct physiological impacts climate change. However, is shifting distribution many species and leading to novel interactions between previously separated that have potential transform entire ecological communities. This study shows an increase in proportion warmwater (“tropicalization”) as oceans warm increasing fish herbivory kelp forests, contributing their decline subsequent persistence alternate “kelp-free” states. These tropical subtropical herbivores are increasingly impacting temperate algal communities worldwide, posing a significant threat long-term stability these iconic ecosystems valuable services they provide.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of Ecological Niche Breadth

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 183 - 206

Published: Aug. 8, 2017

How ecological niche breadth evolves is central to adaptation and speciation has been a topic of perennial interest. Niche evolution research occurred within environmental, ecological, evolutionary, biogeographical contexts, although some generalities have emerged, critical knowledge gaps exist. Performance trade-offs, long invoked, may not be common determinants or limits. can expand contract from specialist generalist lineages, so specialization need an evolutionary dead end. Whether determines diversification distribution how partitioned among individuals populations species are important but particularly understudied topics. Molecular genetic phylogenetic techniques greatly expanded understanding evolution, field studies essential for providing mechanistic details allowing the development comprehensive theory improved prediction biological responses under global change.

Language: Английский

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Range dynamics of mountain plants decrease with elevation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(8), P. 1848 - 1853

Published: Jan. 29, 2018

Many studies report that mountain plant species are shifting upward in elevation. However, the majority of these reports focus on shifts upper limits. Here, we expand and simultaneously analyze changes both range limits, optima, abundances 183 species. We therefore resurveyed 1,576 vegetation plots first recorded before 1970 European Alps. found limits optima shifted elevation, but most pronounced trend was a mean increase abundance. Despite huge species-specific variation, dynamics showed consistent along elevational gradient: Both upslope faster lower they were situated historically, species' abundance increased more for from elevations. Traits affecting dispersal persistence capacity not related to their dynamics. Using indicator values stratify by thermal nutrient demands revealed ranges thermophilic tended expand, while those cold-adapted contract. Abundance increases strongest nutriphilous These results suggest recent climate warming interacted with airborne nitrogen deposition driving observed So far, appear as "winners" changes, yet "losers" overrepresented among high-elevation, low demands. In decades come, high-alpine may hence face double pressure climatic novel, superior competitors move up than themselves can escape even higher

Language: Английский

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A process‐based metacommunity framework linking local and regional scale community ecology

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 1314 - 1329

Published: July 16, 2020

Abstract The metacommunity concept has the potential to integrate local and regional dynamics within a general community ecology framework. To this end, must move beyond discrete archetypes that have largely defined it (e.g. neutral vs. species sorting) better incorporate scale interactions coexistence mechanisms. Here, we present fundamental reconception of framework explicitly links theory spatial processes inherent theory, allowing for continuous range competitive dynamics. These emerge from three underlying shape ecological communities: (1) density‐independent responses abiotic conditions, (2) density‐dependent biotic (3) dispersal. Stochasticity is incorporated in demographic realisation each these processes. We formalise using simulation model explores wide by varying strength Using framework, show how existing theories, including traditional archetypes, are linked common set then use generate new hypotheses about combine interactively diversity, functioning stability metacommunities.

Language: Английский

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Bridging ecology and conservation: from ecological networks to ecosystem function

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 371 - 379

Published: Aug. 11, 2016

Summary Current approaches to conservation may be inadequate maintain ecosystem integrity because they are mostly based on rarity status of organisms rather than functional significance. Alternatively, focusing the protection ecological networks lead more appropriate targets integrity. We propose that a shift in focus from species interaction is necessary achieve pressing management and restoration ecology goals conserving biodiversity, processes ultimately landscape‐scale delivery services. Using topical examples literature, we discuss historical conceptual advances, current challenges ways move forward. also road map network conservation, providing novel ready use approach identify clear with flexible data requirements. Synthesis applications . Integration how environmental spatial constraints affect nature strength local will improve our ability predict their response change conserve them. This better protect species, processes, resulting services depend on.

Language: Английский

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Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 564(7735), P. 207 - 212

Published: Nov. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

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A checklist for maximizing reproducibility of ecological niche models

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(10), P. 1382 - 1395

Published: Sept. 23, 2019

Abstract Reporting specific modelling methods and metadata is essential to the reproducibility of ecological studies, yet guidelines rarely exist regarding what information should be noted. Here, we address this issue for niche or species distribution modelling, a rapidly developing toolset in ecology used across many aspects biodiversity science. Our quantitative review recent literature reveals general lack sufficient fully reproduce work. Over two-thirds examined studies neglected report version access date underlying data, only half reported model parameters. To problem, propose adopting checklist guide reporting at least minimum necessary reproducibility, offering straightforward way balance efficiency accuracy. We encourage community, as well journal reviewers editors, utilize further develop framework facilitate improve future The proposed generalizable other areas ecology, especially those utilizing environmental data statistical could also adopted by broader array disciplines.

Language: Английский

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