Regulatory activities of transposable elements: from conflicts to benefits

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 71 - 86

Published: Nov. 21, 2016

Language: Английский

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Evolution of life in urban environments

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 358(6363)

Published: Nov. 2, 2017

Our planet is an increasingly urbanized landscape, with over half of the human population residing in cities. Despite advances urban ecology, we do not adequately understand how urbanization affects evolution organisms, nor this may affect ecosystems and health. Here, review evidence for effects on microbes, plants, animals that inhabit Urbanization adaptive nonadaptive evolutionary processes shape genetic diversity within between populations. Rapid adaptation has facilitated success some native species areas, but it also allowed pests disease to spread more rapidly. The nascent field brings together efforts response environmental change while developing new hypotheses concerning infrastructure socioeconomic activity. next generation research will provide critical insight into importance sustainable interactions humans our city environments.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 13, 2017

Abstract The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to direct and indirect consequences human activity. As size animal plant populations decrease fragmentation increases, loss genetic reduces their ability adapt changes in environment, with inbreeding reduced fitness inevitable for many species. Many small isolated are going extinct unnecessarily. In cases, such can be genetically rescued by gene flow into them from another population within species, but this very rarely done. This novel authoritative book addresses issues involved management fragmented populations, including depression, elevated extinction risk augmentation flow, rescue, causes outbreeding depression predicting its occurrence, desirability implementation translocations cope climate change, defining diagnosing species conservation purposes.

Language: Английский

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A high-quality apple genome assembly reveals the association of a retrotransposon and red fruit colour

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 2, 2019

Abstract A complete and accurate genome sequence provides a fundamental tool for functional genomics DNA-informed breeding. Here, we assemble high-quality (contig N50 of 6.99 Mb) the apple anther-derived homozygous line HFTH1, including 22 telomere sequences, using combination PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) optical mapping. In comparison to Golden Delicious reference genome, identify 18,047 deletions, 12,101 insertions 14 large inversions. We reveal that these extensive genomic variations are largely attributable activity transposable elements. Interestingly, find long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon insertion upstream MdMYB1 , core transcriptional activator anthocyanin biosynthesis, is associated with red-skinned phenotype. This finding insights into molecular mechanisms underlying red fruit coloration, highlights utility this assembly in deciphering agriculturally important trait apple.

Language: Английский

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A Roadmap for Understanding the Evolutionary Significance of Structural Genomic Variation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(7), P. 561 - 572

Published: April 6, 2020

Language: Английский

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The impact of transposable elements in adaptive evolution

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1537 - 1549

Published: July 13, 2018

Abstract The growing knowledge about the influence of transposable elements ( TE s) on (a) long‐term genome and transcriptome evolution; (b) genomic, transcriptomic epigenetic variation within populations; (c) patterns somatic genetic differences in individuals continues to spur interest evolutionary biologists role s adaptive evolution. As can trigger a broad range molecular population with potentially severe fitness phenotypic consequences for individuals, different mechanisms evolved keep activity check, allowing dynamic interplay between host, its environment Here, we review evidence changes associated basic by which underlying arise: domestication, exaptation, host gene regulation, (d) ‐mediated formation intronless copies—so‐called retrogenes (e) overall increased plasticity. Furthermore, discuss how stress‐dependent incapacitation defence against might facilitate responses environmental challenges such be particularly relevant species frequently facing novel environments, as invasive, pathogenic or parasitic species.

Language: Английский

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Genetic redundancy fuels polygenic adaptation in Drosophila

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. e3000128 - e3000128

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

The genetic architecture of adaptive traits is key importance to predict evolutionary responses. Most are polygenic-i.e., result from selection on a large number loci-but most molecularly characterized have simple basis. This discrepancy best explained by the difficulty in detecting small allele frequency changes (AFCs) across many contributing loci. To resolve this, we use laboratory natural detect signatures for selective sweeps and polygenic adaptation. We exposed 10 replicates Drosophila simulans population new temperature regime uncovered an trait with high redundancy among beneficial alleles. observed convergent responses several phenotypes-e.g., fitness, metabolic rate, fat content-and strong response (99 selected alleles; mean s = 0.059). However, each these alleles increased only subset evolving replicates. discerned different paradigms based heterogeneous genomic patterns Redundancy quantitative (QT) fitted experimental data better than simulations assuming independent sweeps. Our results show that D. populations harbor vast reservoir variation facilitating rapid using multiple alternative pathways converging at phenotypic optimum. property requires modification testing strategies beyond search convergence molecular level.

Language: Английский

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The gene cortex controls mimicry and crypsis in butterflies and moths

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 534(7605), P. 106 - 110

Published: June 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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A roadmap for urban evolutionary ecology

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 384 - 398

Published: Nov. 12, 2018

Urban ecosystems are rapidly expanding throughout the world, but how urban growth affects evolutionary ecology of species living in areas remains largely unknown. has advanced our understanding development cities and towns change environmental conditions alter ecological processes patterns. However, despite decades research ecology, extent to which urbanization influences eco-evolutionary received little attention. The nascent field seeks understand evolution populations, those changes turn influence dynamics communities, ecosystems. Following a brief history this emerging field, Perspective article provides agenda roadmap for future aimed at advancing interplay between urban-dwelling organisms. We identify six key questions that, if addressed, would significantly increase processes. These consider nonadaptive evolution, natural selection, convergent addition role heterogeneity on roles phenotypic plasticity versus adaptation species' abundance cities. Our final question examines impact diversification. For each these questions, we suggest avenues that will help advance ecology. Lastly, highlight importance integrating into planning, conservation practice, pest management, public engagement.

Language: Английский

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A DNA methylation reader complex that enhances gene transcription

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 362(6419), P. 1182 - 1186

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

DNA methylation promotes transcription generally represses transcription, but in some instances, it has also been implicated activation. Harris et al. identified a protein complex Arabidopsis that is recruited to chromatin by methylation. This specifically activated the of genes are already mildly transcribed had no effect on transcriptionally silent such as transposable elements. The thereby counteracts repression caused transposon insertion neighboring while leaving transposons silent. Thus, balancing both repressive and activating transcriptional effects, can act fine-tune gene expression. Science , this issue p. 1182

Language: Английский

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