Allele exchange at the EPSPS locus confers glyphosate tolerance in cassava

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1275 - 1282

Published: Dec. 10, 2017

Summary Effective weed control can protect yields of cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) storage roots. Farmers could benefit from using herbicide with a tolerant cultivar. We applied traditional transgenesis and gene editing to generate robust glyphosate tolerance in cassava. By comparing promoters regulating expression transformed 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase EPSPS genes various paired amino acid substitutions, we found that strong constitutive is required achieve during vitro selection whole plants. Using strategies exploit homologous recombination HR nonhomologous end‐joining NHEJ DNA repair pathways, precisely introduced the best‐performing allele into genome, simultaneously creating promoter swap dual substitutions at endogenous locus. Primary ‐edited plants were phenotypically normal, high doses glyphosate, some free detectable T‐ integrations. Our methods demonstrate an strategy for crop potential further improvement

Language: Английский

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The industrial applications of cassava: current status, opportunities and prospects

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 97(8), P. 2282 - 2290

Published: Feb. 24, 2017

Abstract Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a drought‐tolerant, staple food crop that grown in tropical and subtropical areas. As an important raw material, cassava valuable source developing countries also extensively employed for producing starch, bioethanol other bio‐based products (e.g. feed, medicine, cosmetics biopolymers). These cassava‐based industries generate large quantities of wastes/residues rich organic matter suspended solids, providing great potential conversion into value‐added through biorefinery. However, the community researchers relatively small there very limited information on cassava. Therefore this review summarizes current knowledge system biology, economic value, nutritional quality industrial applications its wastes attempt to accelerate understanding basic biology The discusses future perspectives with respect integrating utilizing resources increasing environmental sustainability industries. © 2017 Society Chemical Industry

Language: Английский

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Accelerated ex situ breeding of GBSS - and PTST1 -edited cassava for modified starch

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 4(9)

Published: Sept. 5, 2018

The growing need for cassava, a food and fuel crop, has led to new plant breeding technique designed accelerate of cassava with modified starch.

Language: Английский

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Rooting for cassava: insights into photosynthesis and associated physiology as a route to improve yield potential

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 213(1), P. 50 - 65

Published: Oct. 25, 2016

Summary As a consequence of an increase in world population, food demand is expected to grow by up 110% the next 30–35 yr. The population sub‐Saharan Africa projected > 120%. In this region, cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) second most important source calories and contributes c . 30% daily calorie requirements per person. Despite its importance, average yield has not increased significantly since 1961. An evaluation modern cultivars showed that interception efficiency (ɛ i photosynthetically active radiation PAR conversion intercepted are major opportunities for genetic improvement potential. This review examines what known physiological processes underlying productivity seeks provide some strategies directions toward through alterations physiology ɛ Possible limitations, as well environmental constraints, discussed. Contents 50 I. Introduction II. How might potential be cassava? 52 III. Modifying canopy achieve higher 54 IV. Increasing ε photosynthesis 55 V. Does have sink capacity influx photoassimilates? 57 VI. Environmental stress effects on development VII. Conclusion 59 Acknowledgements 60 References 61

Language: Английский

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Photosynthesis across African cassava germplasm is limited by Rubisco and mesophyll conductance at steady state, but by stomatal conductance in fluctuating light

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 225(6), P. 2498 - 2512

Published: Aug. 25, 2019

Summary Sub‐Saharan Africa is projected to see a 55% increase in food demand by 2035, where cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) the most widely planted crop and major calorie source. Yet, yield this region has not increased significantly for 13 yr. Improvement of genetic potential, basis first Green Revolution, could be realized improving photosynthetic efficiency. First, factors limiting photosynthesis their variability within extant germplasm must understood. Biochemical diffusive limitations leaf CO 2 uptake under steady state fluctuating light farm‐preferred high‐yielding African cultivars were analyzed. A metabolic model was developed quantify value overcoming photosynthesis. At state, vivo Rubisco activity mesophyll conductance accounted 84% limitation. Under nonsteady‐state conditions shade sun transition, stomatal limitation, resulting an estimated 13% 5% losses water use efficiency, across diurnal period. Triose phosphate utilization, although sufficient support observed rates, would limit improvement 33%, unless improved itself. The variation carbon assimilation among three times greater nonsteady compared pinpointing important overlooked breeding targets efficiency cassava.

Language: Английский

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A review of varietal change in roots, tubers and bananas: consumer preferences and other drivers of adoption and implications for breeding

International Journal of Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 1076 - 1092

Published: July 3, 2020

Summary This review of the literature on varietal change in sub‐Saharan Africa looks detail at adoption new varieties bananas Uganda, cassava Nigeria, potato Kenya, sweetpotato Uganda and yams Côte d’Ivoire. The explored three hypotheses about drivers change. There was a strong confirmation for hypothesis that insufficient priority given to consumer‐preferred traits by breeding programmes contributes limited uptake modern (MVs) low turnover. Lack evidence meant second attention understanding responding gender differences consumer preferences quality post‐harvest unresolved. third informal seed system contributing slow MVs mixed. In some cases, has contributed rapid MVs, but often it appears be barrier with inconsistent naming major challenge.

Language: Английский

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Widespread ancient whole‐genome duplications in Malpighiales coincide with Eocene global climatic upheaval

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(1), P. 565 - 576

Published: July 21, 2018

Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are widespread and prevalent in vascular plants frequently coincide with major episodes of global climatic upheaval, including the mass extinction at Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (c. 65 Ma) during more recent periods aridification Miocene 10-5 Ma). Here, we explore WGDs diverse flowering plant clade Malpighiales. Using transcriptomes complete genomes from 42 species, applied a multipronged phylogenomic pipeline to identify, locate, determine age Malpighiales using three means inference: distributions synonymous substitutions per site (K

Language: Английский

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Tools and Strategies for Long-Read Sequencing and De Novo Assembly of Plant Genomes

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 700 - 724

Published: June 14, 2019

Language: Английский

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Chromosome-scale genome assembly provides insights into the evolution and flavor synthesis of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

Abstract Passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis Sims) is an economically valuable that cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Here, we report ~1341.7 Mb chromosome-scale genome assembly passion fruit, with 98.91% (~1327.18 Mb) assigned to nine pseudochromosomes. The includes 23,171 protein-coding genes, most assembled sequences are repetitive sequences, long-terminal repeats (LTRs) being abundant. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverged after Brassicaceae before Euphorbiaceae. Ks showed two whole-genome duplication events occurred at 65 MYA 12 MYA, which may have contributed its large size. An integrated genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic data ‘alpha-linolenic acid metabolism’, ‘metabolic pathways’, ‘secondary metabolic pathways’ were main pathways involved synthesis important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) this identified some candidate including GDP-fucose Transporter 1-like , Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 33 NETWORKED 4B isoform X1 Golgin Subfamily A member 6-like 22 . In addition, 13 gene families fatty eight terpene pathways. Gene family ACX, ADH, ALDH, HPL families, especially ACX13/14/15/20, ADH13/26/33, ALDH1/4/21 HPL4/6 key genes for ester synthesis, while TPS family, PeTPS2/3/4/24 was synthesis. This work provides insights into evolution flavor trait biology offers resources improved cultivation fruit.

Language: Английский

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Cassava Mosaic and Brown Streak Diseases: Current Perspectives and Beyond

Annual Review of Virology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 429 - 452

Published: June 24, 2017

Cassava is the fourth largest source of calories in world but subject to economically important yield losses due viral diseases, including cassava brown streak disease and mosaic disease. occurs sub-Saharan Africa Asian subcontinent associated with nine begomovirus species, whereas has date been reported only caused by two distinct ipomovirus species. We present an overview key milestones their significance understanding characterization these major diseases as well viruses whitefly vector. New biotechnologies offer a wide range opportunities reduce virus-associated for farmers can additionally enable exploitation this valuable crop industrial purposes. This review explores established new technologies genetic manipulation achieve desired traits such virus resistance.

Language: Английский

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