Philosophy of psychiatry: theoretical advances and clinical implications

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 215 - 232

Published: May 10, 2024

Work at the intersection of philosophy and psychiatry has an extensive influential history, received increased attention recently, with emergence professional associations a growing literature. In this paper, we review key advances in work on psychiatry, their related clinical implications. First, understanding categorizing mental disorder, both naturalist normativist considerations are now viewed as important – psychiatric constructs necessitate consideration facts values. At conceptual level, integrative view encourages moving away from strict scientism to soft naturalism, while practice facilitates evidence‐based values‐based health care. Second, considering nature science, there is increasing emphasis pluralist approach, including ontological, explanatory value pluralism. Conceptually, approach acknowledges multi‐level causal interactions that give rise psychopathology, clinically it emphasizes importance broad range “difference‐makers”, well “lived experience” research practice. Third, questions about brain‐mind, how somatic psychic factors contribute development maintenance disorders, empirical embodied cognition provides increasingly valuable approach. Viewing brain‐mind embodied, embedded enactive offers mind‐body problem integration cognitive‐affective neuroscience phenomenological psychopathology.

Language: Английский

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The Paradox of the Self-Studying Brain

Physics of Life Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52, P. 197 - 204

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Canalization and plasticity in psychopathology

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 109398 - 109398

Published: Dec. 27, 2022

This theoretical article revives a classical bridging construct, canalization, to describe new model of general factor psychopathology. To achieve this, we have distinguished between two types plasticity, an early one that call 'TEMP' for 'Temperature or Entropy Mediated Plasticity', and another, 'canalization', which is close Hebbian plasticity. These forms plasticity can be most easily by their relationship 'precision' inverse variance; TEMP relates increased variance decreased precision, whereas the opposite true canalization. also subsumes learning rate, (Ising) temperature entropy. Dictionary definitions 'plasticity' it as property being shaped molded; better match this. Importantly, propose 'pathological' phenotypes develop via mechanisms canalization defensive response adversity associated distress dysphoria. Our states entrenches in psychopathology, narrowing phenotypic state-space agent develops expertise pathology. We suggest - combined with gently guiding psychological support counter address questions whether when adaptive versus maladaptive, furnish our references basic human neuroscience, offer concrete experiments measures test its main hypotheses implications. part Special Issue on "National Institutes Health Psilocybin Research Speaker Series".

Language: Английский

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A cultural-ecosocial systems view for psychiatry

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 13, 2023

While contemporary psychiatry seeks the mechanisms of mental disorders in neurobiology, health problems clearly depend on developmental processes learning and adaptation through ongoing interactions with social environment. Symptoms or emerge specific contexts involve predicaments that cannot be fully characterized terms brain function but require a larger social-ecological view. Causal result can begin anywhere within extended system body-person-environment. In particular, individuals' narrative self-construal, culturally mediated interpretations symptoms coping strategies as well responses others world contribute to disorders, illness experience, recovery. this paper, we outline conceptual basis practical implications hierarchical ecosocial systems view for an integrative approach psychiatric theory practice. The cultural-ecosocial propose understands mind, person situated constituted by cultural self-reflexive processes. This incorporated into pragmatic clinical assessment case formulation characterizes pathology identifies targets intervention.

Language: Английский

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The Human Affectome

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 105450 - 105450

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Over the last decades, interdisciplinary field of affective sciences has seen proliferation rather than integration theoretical perspectives. This is due to differences in metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions about human phenomena (what they are how work) which, shaped by academic motivations values, have determined constructs operationalizations. An assumption on purpose can be used as a teleological principle guide construction common set assumptions—a framework for research. In this capstone paper special issue "Towards an Integrated Understanding Human Affectome", we gather tiered synthesize that account collectively. teleologically-grounded offers principled agenda launchpad both organizing existing perspectives generating new ones. Ultimately, hope Affectome brings us step closer not only integrated understanding phenomena, but

Language: Английский

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Modelling the impact of environmental and social determinants on mental health using generative agents

npj Digital Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Abstract Mental health is shaped by socio-environmental determinants, yet traditional research approaches struggle to capture their complex interactions. This review explores the potential of generative agents, powered large language models, simulate human-like behaviour in virtual environments for mental research. We outline applications including modelling adverse life events, urbanicity, climate change, discuss challenges and describe how agents could transform

Language: Английский

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How do inner screens enable imaginative experience? Applying the free-energy principle directly to the study of conscious experience

Neuroscience of Consciousness, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract This paper examines the constraints that free-energy principle (FEP) places on possible model of consciousness, particularly models attentional control and imaginative experiences, including episodic memory planning. We first rehearse classical quantum formulations FEP, focusing their application to multi-component systems, in which only some components interact directly with external environment. In particular, we discuss role internal boundaries have structure Markov blankets, hence function as information channels between components. then show how this formal supports experience, a focus (i) experience can employ spatio-temporal object-recognition reference frames employed ordinary, non-imaginative (ii) be internally generated but still surprising. conclude by discussing implementation, phenomenology, phylogeny implications large state trait variability humans.

Language: Английский

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Post-injury pain and behaviour: a control theory perspective

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 378 - 392

Published: May 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Feeling our place in the world: an active inference account of self-esteem

Neuroscience of Consciousness, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Self-esteem, the evaluation of one's own worth or value, is a critical aspect psychological well-being and mental health. In this paper, we propose an active inference account self-esteem, casting it as sociometer inferential capacity to interpret standing within social group. This approach allows us explore interaction between individual's self-perception expectations their environment.When there mismatch these perceptions expectations, individual needs adjust actions update better align with current experiences. We also consider hypothesis in relation recent research on affective inference, suggesting that self-esteem enables track respond discrepancy through states such anxiety positive affect. By acting sociometer, individuals navigate adapt environment, ultimately impacting

Language: Английский

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Weakened effective connectivity between salience network and default mode network during resting state in adolescent depression

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 4, 2024

Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with altered resting-state connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and salience (SN), which are involved in self-referential processing detecting filtering salient stimuli, respectively. Using spectral dynamical causal modelling, we investigated effective input sensitivity key nodes of these networks 30 adolescents MDD 32 healthy controls while undergoing fMRI. We found that DMN received weaker inhibition from SN medial prefrontal cortex anterior cingulate showed reduced self-inhibition MDD, making them more prone to external influences. Moreover, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) intake was decreased increased DMN, respectively, patients. Our findings suggest adolescent characterized by a hierarchical imbalance SN, could affect integration emotional self-related information. propose SSRIs may help restore function modulating excitatory/inhibitory balance SN. study highlights potential prefrontal-amygdala interactions as biomarker therapeutic target for depression.

Language: Английский

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