Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 503 - 503
Published: April 21, 2024
Cancer
remains
one
of
the
global
leading
causes
death
and
various
vaccines
have
been
developed
over
years
against
it,
including
cell-based,
nucleic
acid-based,
viral-based
cancer
vaccines.
Although
many
effective
in
vivo
clinical
studies
some
FDA-approved,
there
are
major
limitations
to
overcome:
(1)
developing
universal
vaccine
for
a
specific
is
difficult,
as
tumors
with
different
antigens
individuals,
(2)
tumor
may
be
similar
body’s
own
antigens,
(3)
possibility
recurrence.
Therefore,
personalized
ability
distinguish
between
indispensable.
This
paper
provides
comprehensive
review
types
highlights
important
factors
necessary
efficient
Moreover,
application
other
technologies
therapy
discussed.
Finally,
several
insights
conclusions
presented,
such
using
cold
plasma
stem
cells
future
vaccines,
tackle
developmental
process.
Cell Death and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Abstract
Current
treatment
strategies
for
cancer,
especially
advanced
are
limited
and
unsatisfactory.
One
of
the
most
substantial
advances
in
cancer
therapy,
last
decades,
was
discovery
a
new
layer
immunotherapy
approach,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs),
which
can
specifically
activate
cells
by
targeting
checkpoints.
Immune
checkpoints
type
immunosuppressive
molecules
expressed
on
cells,
regulate
degree
activation
avoid
autoimmune
responses.
ICIs,
such
as
anti-PD-1/PD-L1
drugs,
has
shown
inspiring
efficacy
broad
applicability
across
various
cancers.
Unfortunately,
not
all
patients
benefit
remarkably
from
overall
response
rates
to
ICIs
remain
relatively
low
types.
Moreover,
primary
acquired
resistance
pose
serious
challenges
clinical
application
immunotherapy.
Thus,
deeper
understanding
molecular
biological
properties
regulatory
mechanisms
is
urgently
needed
improve
options
fo
r
current
therapies.
Recently,
circular
RNAs
(circRNAs)
have
attracted
increasing
attention,
only
due
their
involvement
aspects
hallmarks,
but
also
impact
shaping
tumor
microenvironment.
In
this
review,
we
systematically
summarize
status
existing
roles
circRNAs
Meanwhile,
aim
settle
issue
an
evidence-oriented
manner
that
involved
hallmarks
effects
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(29)
Published: April 24, 2024
Abstract
The
advancement
of
message
RNA
(mRNA)
‐based
immunotherapies
for
cancer
is
highly
dependent
on
the
effective
delivery
(Ribonucleic)
payloads
using
ionizable
lipid
nanoparticles
(LNPs).
However,
clinical
application
these
therapies
hindered
by
variable
mRNA
expression
among
different
types
and
risk
systemic
toxicity.
transient
profile
further
complicates
this
issue,
necessitating
frequent
dosing
thus
increasing
potential
adverse
effects.
Addressing
challenges,
a
high‐throughput
combinatorial
method
utilized
to
synthesize
screen
LNPs
that
efficiently
deliver
circular
(circRNA)
lung
tumors.
lead
LNP,
H1L1A1B3,
demonstrates
fourfold
increase
in
circRNA
transfection
efficiency
cells
over
ALC‐0315,
industry‐standard
LNPs,
while
providing
potent
immune
activation.
A
single
intratumoral
injection
H1L1A1B3
loaded
with
encoding
interleukin‐12
(IL‐12),
induces
robust
response
Lewis
carcinoma
model,
leading
marked
tumor
regression.
Immunological
profiling
treated
tumors
reveals
substantial
increments
CD45
+
leukocytes
enhances
infiltration
CD8
T
cells,
underscoring
ability
modulate
microenvironment
favorably.
These
results
highlight
tailored
LNP
platforms
advance
drug
therapy,
broadening
prospects
immunotherapeutics.
Cell Reports Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(5), P. 101555 - 101555
Published: May 1, 2024
RNA
molecules
have
emerged
as
promising
clinical
therapeutics
due
to
their
ability
target
"undruggable"
proteins
or
with
high
precision
and
minimal
side
effects.
Nevertheless,
the
primary
challenge
in
lies
rapid
degradation
clearance
from
systemic
circulation,
inability
traverse
cell
membranes,
efficient
intracellular
delivery
of
bioactive
molecules.
In
this
review,
we
explore
implications
RNAs
diseases
provide
a
chronological
overview
development
therapeutics.
Additionally,
summarize
technological
advances
RNA-screening
design,
encompassing
various
databases
design
platforms.
The
paper
then
presents
an
update
on
FDA-approved
those
currently
undergoing
trials
for
diseases,
specific
emphasis
medicine
vaccines.
npj Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: March 1, 2025
Engineered
circular
RNAs
(circRNAs)
are
emerging
as
promising
platforms
for
RNA-based
vaccines
in
cancer
treatment.
We
summarize
the
recent
advances
of
design,
synthesis,
and
delivery
circRNA-based
vaccines,
highlight
applications
challenges
circRNA
therapy.
Further
enhancements
required
areas
such
antigen
selection,
targeted
delivery,
multidimensional
crosstalks,
clinical
trial
assessments
to
advance
efficacy
safety
cancer.
Exploration,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 24, 2024
Immune-mediated
inflammatory
diseases
(IMIDs)
impose
an
immeasurable
burden
on
individuals
and
society.
While
the
conventional
use
of
immunosuppressants
disease-modifying
drugs
has
provided
partial
relief
control,
their
inevitable
side
effects
limited
efficacy
cast
a
shadow
over
finding
cure.
Promising
nucleic
acid
have
shown
potential
to
exert
precise
at
molecular
level,
with
different
classes
acids
having
regulatory
functions
through
varying
mechanisms.
For
better
delivery
acids,
safe
effective
viral
vectors
non-viral
systems
(including
liposomes,
polymers,
etc.)
been
intensively
explored.
Herein,
after
describing
range
categories
vectors,
we
focus
application
therapeutic
in
various
IMIDs,
including
rheumatoid
arthritis,
bowel
disease,
psoriasis,
multiple
sclerosis,
asthma,
ankylosing
spondylitis,
systemic
lupus
erythematosus,
uveitis.
Molecules
implicated
inflammation
immune
dysregulation
are
abnormally
expressed
series
meticulous
modulation
therapy
results
degrees
remission
improvement
these
diseases.
By
synthesizing
findings
centered
specific
targets,
this
review
delivers
systematic
elucidation
perspective
towards
advancing
utilization
therapeutics
for
managing
IMIDs.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Nov. 14, 2024
Abstract
In
the
last
decade,
messenger
ribonucleic
acid
(mRNA)-based
drugs
have
gained
great
interest
in
both
immunotherapy
and
non-immunogenic
applications.
This
surge
can
be
largely
attributed
to
demonstration
of
distinct
advantages
offered
by
various
mRNA
molecules,
alongside
rapid
advancements
nucleic
delivery
systems.
It
is
noteworthy
that
immunogenicity
presents
a
double-edged
sword.
context
immunotherapy,
extra
supplementation
adjuvant
generally
required
for
induction
robust
immune
responses.
Conversely,
non-immunotherapeutic
scenarios,
activation
unwanted
considering
host
tolerability
high
expression
demand
mRNA-encoded
functional
proteins.
Herein,
mainly
focused
on
linear
non-replicating
mRNA,
we
overview
preclinical
clinical
progress
prospects
medicines
encompassing
vaccines
other
therapeutics.
We
also
highlight
importance
focusing
host-specific
variations,
including
age,
gender,
pathological
condition,
concurrent
medication
individual
patient,
maximized
efficacy
safety
upon
administration.
Furthermore,
deliberate
potential
challenges
may
encounter
realm
disease
treatment,
current
endeavors
improvement,
as
well
application
future
advancements.
Overall,
this
review
aims
present
comprehensive
understanding
mRNA-based
therapies
while
illuminating
prospective
development
drugs.
