Microbiota and Microglia Interactions in ASD

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 25, 2021

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are serious, highly variable neurodevelopmental disorders, commonly characterized by the manifestation of specific behavioral abnormalities, such as stereotypic behaviors and deficits in social skills, including communication. Although neurobiological basis for ASD has attracted attention recent decades, role microglial cells, which main resident myeloid cell population brain, is still controversial underexplored. Microglia play several fundamental roles orchestrating brain development homeostasis. As such, alterations intrinsic functions these cells could be one driving forces responsible various ASD. sensitive to environmental cues. Amongst factors known influence their functions, gut microbiota emerged a central player, controlling both maturation activation. Strikingly, there now compelling data suggesting that intestinal can causative behavioural changes associated with Not only dysbiosis reported patients, but therapies targeting microbiome markedly alleviate symptoms. Here we explore emerging mechanisms altered contribute major etiological We then demonstrate how pre- postnatal stimuli modulate phenotype function, underpinning notion reciprocal interactions between microglia microbes crucial aetiology.

Language: Английский

---

The impact of maternal high-fat diet on offspring neurodevelopment

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: July 22, 2022

A maternal high-fat diet affects offspring neurodevelopment with long-term consequences on their brain health and behavior. During the past three decades, obesity has rapidly increased in whole human population worldwide, including women of reproductive age. It is known that caused by a may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders offspring, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity anxiety, depression, schizophrenia. can affect due inflammatory activation gut, adipose tissue, placenta, mirrored levels pro-inflammatory cytokines both fetal circulation. Furthermore, high fat causes gut microbial dysbiosis further contributing milieu during pregnancy lactation, thus disturbing prenatal postnatal offspring. In addition, global molecular cellular changes offspring’s occur epigenetic modifications downregulation brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression endocannabinoid system. These aberrations are reflected behavioral deficits observed animals, corresponding phenotypes certain humans. Here we reviewed recent findings from rodent models studies reveal potential mechanisms which interferes

Language: Английский

---

Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age

Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Abstract Background Higher prenatal ambient air pollution exposure has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment in preschoolers and school-aged children. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between during infancy. Methods This examined 161 Latino mother-infant pairs from Southern California Mother’s Milk Study. Exposure assessments included nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) particulate matter smaller than 2.5 10 microns diameter (PM PM , respectively). pregnancy period also as three windows, early, mid, late, which describe first, middle, last months pregnancy. Infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at years age were measured using Bayley-III Scales Toddler Development. Multivariable linear models distributed lag (DLM) used examine exposures scores, adjusting for socioeconomic status, breastfeeding frequency, time delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, infant birthweight sex. Results negatively composite cognitive score (β = -2.01 [-3.89, -0.13] β -1.97 [-3.83, -0.10], In addition, higher average motor -2.35 [-3.95, -0.74]), scaled -0.77 [-1.30, -0.24]), gross -0.37 [-0.70, -0.04]), fine -0.40 [-0.71, -0.09]), language -1.87 [-3.52, -0.22]), -0.61 [-1.18, -0.05]) expressive communication scores -0.36 [-0.66, -0.05]). DLMs showed that mid late inversely motor, cognitive, scores. Conclusions pollutants pregnancy, particularly periods, years. These results indicate may impact early life.

Language: Английский

---

Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders

Neuronal Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: May 17, 2023

Maternal infection during pregnancy, leading to maternal immune activation (mIA) and cytokine release, increases the offspring risk of developing a variety neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including schizophrenia. Animal models have provided evidence support these mechanistic links, with placental inflammatory responses dysregulation function implicated. This leads changes in fetal brain balance altered epigenetic regulation key pathways. The prenatal timing such mIA-evoked changes, accompanying developmental an

Language: Английский

---

Inflammation and emotion regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotion dysregulation disorders

Neuronal Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(4)

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Abstract Emotion dysregulation (ED) describes a difficulty with the modulation of which emotions are felt, as well when and how these experienced or expressed. It is focal overarching symptom in many severe prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases, including bipolar disorders (BD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline personality (BPD). In all disorders, ED can manifest through symptoms depression, anxiety, affective lability. Considering symptomatic similarities between BD, ADHD, BPD, transdiagnostic approach promising lens investigation. Mounting evidence supports role peripheral inflammatory markers stress multifactorial aetiology physiopathology BPD. Of note, neural circuits that regulate appear particularly vulnerable to insults inflammation, impact neuroimmune milieu central nervous system. Thus far, few studies have examined link inflammation To our knowledge, no specific work has provided critical comparison results from disorders. fill this gap literature, we review known associations mechanisms linking general, clinically, BD. Our narrative begins an examination routes followed by discussion disorder-specific accounting for methodological limitations relevant confounding factors. Finally, critically discuss both correspondences discrepancies comment on potential vulnerability therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Limosilactobacillus reuteri normalizes blood–brain barrier dysfunction and neurodevelopment deficits associated with prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Maternal immune activation (MIA) derived from late gestational infection such as seen in chorioamnionitis poses a significantly increased risk for neurodevelopmental deficits the offspring. Manipulating early microbiota through maternal probiotic supplementation has been shown to be an effective means improve outcomes; however, mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that MIA modeled by exposing pregnant dams lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced underdevelopment of blood vessels, increase permeability and astrogliosis blood-brain barrier (BBB) at prewean age. The BBB developmental functional life impaired spatial learning later life. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) starting birth rescued dysfunction-associated cognitive function. L. reuteri-mediated alterations β-diversity microbial community metabolic responses offspring provide potential targets promoting integrity long-term outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Circadian Disruption and Mental Health: The Chronotherapeutic Potential of Microbiome-Based and Dietary Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 7579 - 7579

Published: April 20, 2023

Mental illness is alarmingly on the rise, and circadian disruptions linked to a modern lifestyle may largely explain this trend. Impaired rhythms are associated with mental disorders. The evening chronotype, which misalignment, risk factor for severe psychiatric symptoms metabolic comorbidities. Resynchronization of commonly improves symptoms. Furthermore, evidence indicates that preventing misalignment help reduce disorders impact neuro–immuno–metabolic disturbances in psychiatry. gut microbiota exhibits diurnal rhythmicity, as governed by meal timing, regulates host’s rhythms. Temporal regulation feeding has emerged promising chronotherapeutic strategy prevent and/or treatment illnesses, through modulation microbiota. Here, we provide an overview link between disruption illness. We summarize connection rhythms, supporting idea aid resynchronization disrupted describe microbiome rhythmicity its related factors, highlighting role timing. Lastly, emphasize necessity rationale further research develop effective safe dietary strategies based chrononutrition combat

Language: Английский

---

Anti-inflammatory properties of commonly used psychiatric drugs

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders are extremely common across the lifespan characterized by a complicated range of symptoms that affect wellbeing. There relatively few drugs available target disease mechanisms for any these disorders. Instead, therapeutics focused on syndromes, largely driven neurotransmitter hypotheses, such as serotonin or dopamine hypotheses depression. Emerging evidence suggests maternal inflammation during pregnancy plays key role in disorders, can influence mental expression lifespan. It is now recognized commonly used psychiatric (anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, mood stabilizers) have anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we bring together human regarding main classes broad All three showed decreasing levels pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 TNF-α, while increasing cytokine, IL-10. Some studies also reduced inflammatory signaling via nuclear factor- (NF-)κB signal transducer activator transcription (STAT) pathways. As researchers, clinicians, patients become increasingly aware brain health, it reassuring may abrogate inflammation, addition to their effects neurotransmission. Further required determine whether driver pathogenesis, therefore should be therapeutic future clinical trials.

Language: Английский

---

Influence of Immune System Abnormalities Caused by Maternal Immune Activation in the Postnatal Period

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 741 - 741

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) indicate that fetal tissues organs in critical sensitive periods development are susceptible to structural functional changes due the adverse environment utero. Maternal immune activation (MIA) is one phenomena DOHaD. Exposure maternal a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, psychosis, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic human disorders. It has been associated with increased levels proinflammatory cytokines transferred from mother fetus prenatal period. Abnormal immunity induced by MIA includes overreaction or response failure offspring. Immune hypersensitivity system pathogens allergic factor. could not properly fight off various pathogens. clinical features offspring depend on gestation period, inflammatory magnitude, type exposure stimulation, which might induce epigenetic modifications system. An analysis caused intrauterine environments allow clinicians predict onset diseases disorders before after birth.

Language: Английский

---

Inflammatory biotype of ADHD is linked to chronic stress: a data-driven analysis of the inflammatory proteome

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

The association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and low-grade inflammation has been explored in children but rarely adults. Inflammation is characteristic of some, not all, patients with ADHD might be influenced by medication also lifestyle factors including nutrition, smoking, stress. It still unclear if any specific symptoms are related to inflammation. Therefore, we assessed 96 inflammatory proteins a deeply phenotyped cohort 126 adult participants stable status using OLINK technology. A data-based, unsupervised hierarchical clustering method could identify two distinct biotypes within the based on their profile: higher potential (HIP) lower protein (LIP) group. Biological processes that differed strongest groups were NF-κB pathway, chemokine signaling, IL-17 metabolic alterations, attraction. comparison sample characteristics revealed HIP group was more likely have levels chronic stress (p < 0.001), clinical global impression scale score = 0.030), risk for suicide 0.032). Medication did influence significantly ≥ 0.074), psychotropic co-medication ≤ 0.009) did. In conclusion, our data suggest presence adults ADHD. Higher linked perceived linear fashion. Further research should take into account.

Language: Английский

---