Animal Welfare,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
32
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Abstract
Wild
orangutans
(
Pongo
spp.)
rescued
from
human-wildlife
conflict
must
be
adequately
rehabilitated
before
being
returned
to
the
wild.
It
is
essential
that
released
are
able
cope
with
stressful
challenges
such
as
food
scarcity,
navigating
unfamiliar
environments,
and
regaining
independence
human
support.
Although
practical
skills
taught
in
rehabilitation
centres,
post-release
survival
rates
low.
Psychological
resilience,
or
ability
‘bounce
back’
stress,
may
a
key
missing
piece
of
puzzle.
However,
there
very
little
knowledge
about
species-appropriate
interventions
which
could
help
captive
increase
resilience
stress.
This
scoping
review
summarises
critically
analyses
existing
non-human
animal
literature
provides
suggestions
for
development
rehabilitation.
Three
scientific
databases
were
searched
2021
2023,
resulting
63
studies
266
studies.
The
first
section
brings
together
interventions,
identifying
common
themes
assessing
applicability
second
groups
into
categories
direct
separation
environmental
conditions,
social
exercise.
In
each
category,
analysed
evaluate
their
potential
results
show
mild
manageable
forms
intervention
have
greatest
benefit
least
amount
risk.
study
concludes
by
emphasising
need
further
investigation
experimentation,
develop
appropriate
measure
effect
on
rate
orangutans.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Sept. 12, 2023
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
increased
the
prevalence
of
depressive
disorders
worldwide,
requiring
alternative
treatments
beyond
medication
and
psychotherapy.
Exercise
positive
effects
on
brain;
therefore,
it
emerged
as
a
promising
therapeutic
option
for
individuals
with
depression.
Considerable
research
involving
humans
animals
offers
compelling
evidence
to
support
mental
health
benefits
physical
activity
or
exercise
mediated
by
regulation
complex
theoretical
paradigms.
However,
challenges
such
conducting
long-term
follow-up
assessments
considering
individual
characteristics
remain
in
human
studies
despite
extensive
efforts.
While
animal
provide
valuable
insights
into
potential
its
impact
outcomes
related
depression
anxiety
rodents
exposed
different
stress
paradigms,
translating
findings
requires
careful
evaluation.
More
is
needed
establish
precise
prescription
guidelines
better
understand
relationship
between
disorders.
Therefore,
this
concise
review
explores
supporting
intervention
an
antidepressant
treatment
underlying
mechanisms.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
Physical
exercise
effectively
prevents
anxiety
disorders
caused
by
environmental
stress.
The
neural
circuitry
mechanism,
however,
remains
incomplete.
Here,
we
identified
a
previously
unrecognized
pathway
originating
from
the
primary
motor
cortex
(M1)
to
medial
prefrontal
(mPFC)
via
ventromedial
thalamic
(VM)
nuclei
in
male
mice.
Besides
anatomical
evidence,
both
ex
vivo
and
recordings
showed
enhanced
excitability
of
M1-VM
inputs
prelimbic
(PrL)
region
mPFC
upon
14-day
treadmill
on
chronic
restraint
stress
(CRS)
mouse
model.
Further
functional
interrogations
demonstrated
that
activation
this
circuit
is
necessary
sufficient
direct
anxiolytic
effect
training
CRS
Our
findings
provide
more
insights
into
circuits
connecting
mental
regions
under
paradigm
implicate
potential
targets
for
neuromodulation
treating
disorders.
relieves
disorders,
while
authors
show
input
cortex,
nuclei.
Neuropharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 110322 - 110322
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Personality
disorders
(PDs)
are
psychiatric
conditions
characterized
by
enduring
patterns
of
cognition,
emotion,
and
behaviour
that
deviate
significantly
from
cultural
norms,
causing
distress
or
impairment.
The
aetiology
PDs
is
complex,
involving
both
genetic
environmental
factors.
Genetic
studies
estimate
the
heritability
at
30%
to
60%,
implicating
genes
involved
in
neurotransmitter
regulation,
such
as
those
for
serotonin
transporters
dopamine
receptors.
Environmental
factors,
including
childhood
trauma
chronic
stress,
interact
with
predispositions
induce
epigenetic
modifications
like
DNA
methylation
histone
modifications,
contributing
PD
development.
Neurobiological
research
has
identified
structural
functional
abnormalities
brain
regions
related
emotional
regulation
social
amygdala,
prefrontal
cortex,
limbic
system.
These
linked
impaired
emotion
processing
interpersonal
functioning
PDs.
This
review
focuses
on
how
factors
shape
maladaptive
behaviours
endophenotypes
central
many
It
explores
interaction
between
Ras-ERK,
p38,
mTOR
molecular
pathways
response
stimuli,
examines
role
oxidative
stress
mitochondrial
metabolism
these
processes.
Also
reviewed
various
types
existing
animal
models
replicate
key
endophenotypes,
highlighting
changes
neurotransmitters
neurohormones.
Identifying
biomarkers
can
lead
development
"enviromimetic"
drugs,
which
mimic
influences
activate
pathways,
facilitating
targeted,
personalized
treatments
based
profiles
individuals
Ultimately,
understanding
mechanisms
promises
enhance
diagnostic
accuracy,
prognosis,
therapeutic
outcomes
affected
individuals.
Neuroscience Applied,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3, P. 104064 - 104064
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Stress,
encompassing
psychological,
physical,
and
physiological
challenges,
is
an
important
factor
affecting
individual's
well-being
potentially
leading
to
psychiatric,
neurodegenerative,
immune,
metabolic
disorders.
However,
not
everyone
exposed
stress
develops
these
conditions,
highlighting
the
concept
of
resilience.
Resilience
a
dynamic
process
categorized
into
four
dimensions:
pre-existing
resilience
capacity,
ongoing
processes,
post-stress
outcomes,
recovery
from
psychopathologies.
These
dimensions
involve
genomic,
cellular,
systemic
interactions
influenced
by
genetic
factors,
early
life
experiences,
adult
experiences
in
addition
community/environmental
health
behaviors.
The
biological
response
encompasses
endocrine,
autonomic,
immunological,
behavioral
components,
modulated
stressor
characteristics
individual
traits.
Due
limitations
studying
humans,
translational
models
using
rodents
cell
cultures
are
essential.
Rodent
include
acute,
chronic,
traumatic
paradigms,
aiding
study
stress-related
molecular
outcomes.
Additionally,
models,
such
as
prenatal
maternal
separation,
provide
insights
developmental
impacts.
In
this
review,
first,
rodent
for
lifelong
exposure
will
be
summarized
considering
their
validity,
advantages,
limitations.
Subsequently,
overview
designed
enhance
capacity
rodents,
later
employed
outcomes
given.
Lastly,
focus
shifted
culture
iPSCs
models.
Finally,
future
considerations
focused
on
improving
used
discussed.
It
aimed
designs
access
more
effective
biomarkers
associated
with
Stress
complex
phenomena
various
spanning
levels.
Integrating
data
across
remains
crucial
unraveling
complexities
disorders
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: June 7, 2024
There
is
a
well-established
link
between
physical
activity
and
brain
health.
As
such,
the
effectiveness
of
exercise
as
therapeutic
strategy
has
been
explored
in
variety
neurological
contexts.
To
determine
extent
to
which
could
be
most
beneficial
under
different
circumstances,
studies
are
needed
uncover
underlying
mechanisms
behind
benefits
activity.
Interest
grown
understanding
how
can
regulate
microglia,
resident
immune
cells
central
nervous
system.
Microglia
key
mediators
neuroinflammatory
processes
play
role
maintaining
homeostasis
healthy
pathological
settings.
Here,
we
explore
evidence
suggesting
that
potential
microglia
various
animal
models.
We
emphasize
areas
where
future
research
contribute
uncovering
engaging
exercise.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 4, 2024
Physical
exercise
has
beneficial
effect
on
anxiety
disorders,
but
the
underlying
molecular
mechanism
remains
largely
unknown.
Here,
it
is
demonstrated
that
physical
can
downregulate
S-nitrosylation
of
gephyrin
(SNO-gephyrin)
in
basolateral
amygdala
(BLA)
to
exert
anxiolytic
effects.
It
found
level
SNO-gephyrin
significantly
increased
BLA
high-anxiety
rats
and
a
downregulation
at
cysteines
212
284
produced
effect.
Mechanistically,
inhibition
by
either
Cys212
or
Cys284
mutations
surface
expression
GABA
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 24, 2025
Abstract
Physical
exercise
protects
against
cognitive
impairment
caused
by
chronic
cerebral
hypoperfusion
(CCH).
However,
the
mechanisms
through
which
sends
signals
from
periphery
to
central
nervous
system
remain
incompletely
understood.
This
study
demonstrated
that
promotes
secretion
of
muscle‐derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs),
facilitate
interorgan
communication
between
muscle
and
brain.
Systematic
delivery
sEVs
enhances
synaptic
plasticity
alleviated
in
CCH.
Notably,
miRNA
sequencing
reveal
miR‐17/20a‐5p
as
key
cargos
involved
exercise‐induced
muscle‐brain
crosstalk.
Muscle‐derived
are
also
identified
primary
source
swimming‐induced
circulating
sEVs.
Mechanistically,
binds
DEP‐domain
containing
mTOR‐interacting
protein
(DEPTOR)
activates
mammalian
target
rapamycin
(mTOR)
pathway
hippocampus.
Depletion
impairs
enhancement
function.
Moreover,
overexpression
DEPTOR
hippocampus
attenuates
benefits
exercise.
Conversely,
hippocampus‐specific
activation
mTOR
reverses
these
effects,
highlighting
crucial
role
mediating
positive
effects
Collectively,
findings
identify
myokine
with
potent
on
brain,
emphasizing
therapeutic
potential
managing
impairment.
