An overview of methods and techniques in multimodal data fusion with application to healthcare

International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploring Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesia: A Primer on Ethics, and Clinical Applications

Surgeries, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 264 - 274

Published: May 29, 2023

The field of anesthesia has always been at the forefront innovation and technology, integration Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents next frontier in care. use AI its subtypes, such as machine learning, potential to improve efficiency, reduce costs, ameliorate patient outcomes. can assist with decision making, but primary advantage lies empowering anesthesiologists adopt a proactive approach address clinical issues. uses be schematically grouped into support pharmacologic mechanical robotic applications. Tele-anesthesia includes strategies telemedicine, well device networking, for improving logistics operating room, augmented reality approaches training assistance. Despite growing scientific interest, further research validation are needed fully understand benefits limitations these applications practice. Moreover, ethical implications must also considered ensure that safety privacy not compromised. This paper aims provide comprehensive overview anesthesia, including current applications, considerations safe effective technology.

Language: Английский

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Adiposity and sex-specific cancer risk

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(6), P. 1186 - 1197.e4

Published: June 1, 2023

Obesity is associated with several types of cancer and fat distribution, which differs dramatically between sexes, has been suggested to be an independent risk factor. However, sex-specific effects on have rarely studied. Here we estimate the accumulation distribution in females males. We performed a prospective study 442,519 UK Biobank participants, for 19 additional histological subtypes, mean follow-up time 13.4 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used effect 14 different adiposity phenotypes rates, 5% false discovery rate was considered statistically significant. Adiposity-related traits are all but three types, larger number cancers compared distribution. In addition, or exhibit differential sexes colorectal, esophageal, liver cancer.

Language: Английский

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Overcoming Barriers to Discovery and Implementation of Equitable Pharmacogenomic Testing in Oncology

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 1181 - 1192

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Pharmacogenomics (PGx), the study of inherited genomic variation and drug response or safety, is a vital tool in precision medicine. In oncology, testing to identify PGx variants offers patients opportunity for customized treatments that can minimize adverse effects maximize therapeutic benefits drugs used cancer treatment supportive care. Because individuals shared ancestry share specific genetic variants, factors may contribute outcome disparities across racial ethnic categories when not taken into account mischaracterized research, discovery, application. Here, we examine how current scientific understanding role differential oncology safety outcomes be biased toward greater more complete clinical implementation European descent compared with other groups. We discuss implications this bias access care, labeling, patient provider use approaches. Testing somatic now standard care many solid tumors, but integration still lacking despite demonstrated actionable findings from testing, reduction avoidable toxicity death, return on investment testing. As field poised expand integrate germline variant it discovery application are equitable all populations. Recommendations introduced address barriers facilitate effective

Language: Английский

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Exploring potential causal associations between autoimmune diseases and colorectal cancer using bidirectional Mendelian randomization

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Abstract Several observational studies have revealed an association between autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), although their causal remained controversial. Therefore, our study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to verify the AIDs CRC. We employed three common MR approaches, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), median, MR-Egger methods, assess type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, juvenile idiopathic celiac disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) The reverse was performed possibility of causation. To evaluate validity analysis, we also sensitivity such as heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy leave-one-out validated results in validation cohort. Our showed that genetically predicted T1D nominally associated with lower risk CRC (IVW OR = 0.965, 95% CI 0.939–0.992, P 0.012). However, genetic susceptibility psoriasis increased 1.026, 1.002–1.050, 0.037). Genetically PSC had significant effect on increasing 1.038, 1.016–1.060, 5.85 × 10 −4 ). Furthermore, cohort indicated consistent results. found no other five ( > 0.05). T1D, demonstrated were reliable. findings help understand CRC, which deserves further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Severe obesity, high inflammation, insulin resistance with risks of all-cause mortality and all-site cancers, and potential modification by healthy lifestyles

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Severe obesity is often associated with inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), which expected to increase the risks of mortality cancers. However, this relationship remains controversial, it's unclear whether healthy lifestyles can mitigate these risks. The independent joint associations severe (body mass index ≥ 35 m/kg2), (C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L systemic markers 9th decile), IR surrogates all-cause all-site cancers, were evaluated in 163,008 participants from UK Biobank cohort. Further analyses conducted investigate how modified by lifestyle. During a median follow-up 11.0 years, we identified 8844 deaths 20,944 cancer cases. obesity, each independently increased [HRs(95%CIs) 1.24(1.17–1.30), 1.63(1.55–1.72) 1.11(1.05–1.17)] cancers [1.06(1.02–1.10), 1.14(1.10–1.19) 1.02(0.99–1.06)]. Joint revealed significantly elevated due interaction between IR, highest HRs(95%CIs) 1.88(1.67–2.11) 1.20(1.08–1.34), respectively. showed stronger inflammation, lifestyles, similar observed both males females. Additionally, compared unfavorable favorable attenuated [the 2.35(1.75–3.15) vs. 3.72(2.86–4.84) for lifestyles] [1.16(0.89–1.53) 1.63(1.26–2.10)]. interacts exacerbate Nonetheless, adherence recommended

Language: Английский

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Consumption of Unsweetened Coffee or Tea May Reduce the Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exposure to Air Pollution, Genetic Susceptibility, and Psoriasis Risk in the UK

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. e2421665 - e2421665

Published: July 16, 2024

Importance Psoriasis is a common autoinflammatory disease influenced by complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. The influence of long-term air pollution exposure on psoriasis remains underexplored. Objective To examine the association to interaction susceptibility for incident psoriasis. Design, Setting, Participants This prospective cohort study used data from UK Biobank. analysis sample included individuals who were free at baseline had available exposure. Genetic analyses restricted White participants. Data analyzed November 1 December 10, 2023. Exposures Exposure nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), oxides x fine particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM 10 ) Main Outcomes Measures ascertain NO , PM risk psoriasis, Cox proportional hazards model time-varying was used. models also explore potential interplay pollutant incidence. Results A total 474 055 included, mean (SD) age 56.54 (8.09) years 257 686 (54.36%) female There 9186 participants (1.94%) identified as Asian or British, 7542 (1.59%) Black 446 637 (94.22%) European. During median (IQR) follow-up 11.91 (11.21-12.59) years, 4031 events recorded. positive For every IQR increase in hazard ratios (HRs) 1.41 (95% CI, 1.35-1.46), 1.47 1.41-1.52), 1.28 1.23-1.33), 1.19 1.14-1.24), respectively. When comparing lowest quartile (Q1) those highest (Q4), multivariate-adjusted HRs 2.01 1.83-2.20) 2.21 2.02-2.43) 1.64 1.49-1.80) 1.34 1.22-1.47) . Moreover, significant predisposition observed. In subset individuals, findings indicated substantial development exposed levels concomitant high compared low : HR, 4.11; 95% 3.46-4.90; 4.29; 3.61-5.08; 2.95; 2.49-3.50; 2.44; 2.08-2.87). Conclusions Relevance this associated increased risk. an

Language: Английский

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A Historical Survey of Key Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Radiation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 202(2)

Published: July 18, 2024

In this article we review the history of key epidemiological studies populations exposed to ionizing radiation. We highlight historical and recent findings regarding radiation-associated risks for incidence mortality cancer non-cancer outcomes with emphasis on study design methods exposure assessment dose estimation along brief consideration sources bias a few more important studies. examine from Japanese atomic bomb survivors, persons radiation diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, those environmental including Chornobyl other reactor accidents, occupationally cohorts. also summarize results pooled These summaries are necessarily brief, but provide references detailed information. discuss possible future directions study, include susceptible populations, new data sources, designs analysis.

Language: Английский

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Causal relationship between the gut microbiome and basal cell carcinoma, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning: evidence from three two-sample mendelian randomisation studies

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Objectives The present study used publicly available genome-wide association (GWAS) summary data to perform three two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, aiming examine the causal links between gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of tanning. Methods SNPs associated with exposures basal cell carcinoma, cancer tanning from UK Biobank MRC-IEU (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit), meta-analysis were as instrumental variables (IVs). casual estimates assessed a randomisation test using inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, Wald ratio, MR-Egger maximum likelihood, weighted median, simple mode, mode. Results After application MR analysis, diffirent effects multiple groups microbiota was observed for relationships supported by suite sensitivity analyses, no statistical evidence instrument heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Further investigation is required explore relationship Conclusion Our initially identified potential roles tanning, highlighted role in progression

Language: Английский

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