A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 1920 - 1935

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Abstract The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as ‘metabolic machinery’ influencing many aspects physiology has gained substantial attention in the field psychiatry. This is largely due to overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both potential functionality and biological thought be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised current literature investigating differences composition people major psychiatric disorders, depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) schizophrenia (SZ), compared ‘healthy’ controls. We also explored across disorders an attempt elucidate commonalities microbial signatures these Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through December 2021. identified 44 studies (including a total 2510 cases 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, which 24 investigated MDD, seven BD, 15 SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for difference number or distribution (α-diversity) bacteria those However, relatively consistent reporting overall community (β-diversity) without specific bacterial taxa commonly including lower levels genera produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher lactic acid-producing bacteria, glutamate GABA metabolism. observed heterogeneity regards methodologies reporting. Further prospective experimental research using new tools robust guidelines hold promise improving our role brain health development interventions based on modification microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses

BMJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e077310 - e077310

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design Systematic umbrella review meta-analyses. Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Database Reviews, well manual searches reference lists from 2009 June 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies reviews meta-analyses cohort, case-control, and/or cross sectional study designs. credibility evidence, pre-specified were applied, graded convincing (“class I”), highly suggestive II”), III”), weak IV”), or no V”). The quality was assessed using GRADE (Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluations) framework, categorised “high,” “moderate,” “low,” “very low” quality. Results search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response 32 non-dose-response (n=9 888 373). Overall, direct found foods (71%) parameters spanning mortality, cancer, mental, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic Based on criteria, (class I) supported greater higher risks incident cardiovascular disease related mortality (risk ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.37 1.63; GRADE=very low) type 2 diabetes (dose-response risk 1.12, 1.11 1.13; moderate), prevalent anxiety outcomes (odds 1.48, 1.59; combined common mental disorder 1.53, 1.43 low). Highly II) indicated that directly associated with all cause 1.21, 1.15 1.27; low), heart (hazard 1.66, 1.51 1.84; 1.40, 1.23 very depressive 1.22, 1.16 1.28; together sleep 1.41, 1.24 1.61; wheezing 1.27 1.55; obesity 1.55, 1.36 1.77; Of remaining 34 21 strength III-IV) V). 22 analyses rated low quality, 19 four moderate Conclusions Greater a outcomes, especially cardiometabolic, disorder, These findings provide rationale develop effectiveness population based public measures target reduce dietary improved human health. They also inform support urgent mechanistic research. registration PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 104527 - 104527

Published: March 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Molecular pathways of major depressive disorder converge on the synapse

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 284 - 297

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disease of still poorly understood molecular etiology. Extensive studies at different levels point to high complexity numerous interrelated pathways as the underpinnings depression. systems under consideration include monoamines, stress, neurotrophins and neurogenesis, excitatory inhibitory neurotransmission, mitochondrial dysfunction, (epi)genetics, inflammation, opioid system, myelination, gut-brain axis, among others. This review aims illustrating how these multiple signaling may interact provide more comprehensive view MDD’s neurobiology. In particular, considering pattern synaptic activity closest physical representation mood, emotion, conscience we can conceptualize, each pathway or system will be scrutinized for links neurotransmission. Models neurobiology MDD discussed well future actions improve understanding treatment options.

Language: Английский

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Brain–gut–microbiota axis in depression: A historical overview and future directions

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 44 - 56

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite abundant research, precise mechanisms underlying pathophysiology depression remain elusive. Accumulating evidence from preclinical clinical studies suggests that alterations in gut microbiota, microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids, D-amino acids metabolites play key role via brain–gut–microbiota axis, including neural immune systems. Notably, axis might crucial susceptibility versus resilience rodents exposed to stress. Vagotomy reported block depression-like phenotypes after fecal microbiota transplantation "depression-related" microbiome, suggesting vagus nerve influences through axis. In this article, we review recent findings regarding discuss its potential as therapeutic target for depression.

Language: Английский

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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1239 - 1285

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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Dysosmobacter welbionis is a newly isolated human commensal bacterium preventing diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice

Gut, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(3), P. 534 - 543

Published: June 8, 2021

To investigate the abundance and prevalence of Dysosmobacter welbionis J115T, a novel butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from human gut both in general population subjects with metabolic syndrome. study impact this on host metabolism using diet-induced obese diabetic mice.We analysed presence 11 984 four cohorts (ie, Human Microbiome Project, American Gut Flemish Flora Project Microbes4U). Then, we tested effects daily oral gavages live D. J115T several hallmarks obesity, diabetes, inflammation lipid obese/diabetic mice.This newly identified was detected 62.7%-69.8% healthy population. Strikingly, humans syndrome, genus correlates negatively body mass index, fasting glucose glycated haemoglobin. In mice, supplementation but not pasteurised bacteria, partially counteracted obesity development, fat gain, insulin resistance white adipose tissue hypertrophy inflammation. addition, administration protected mice brown association increased mitochondria number non-shivering thermogenesis. These occurred minor mouse intestinal microbiota composition.These results suggest that directly beneficially influences is strong candidate for development next-generation beneficial bacteria targeting associated diseases.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 2568 - 2568

Published: June 21, 2022

Since previous meta-analyses, which were limited only to depression and by a small number of studies available for inclusion at the time publication, several additional have been published assessing link between ultra-processed food consumption as well other mental disorders. We aimed build on previously conducted reviews synthesise meta-analyse contemporary evidence base clarify associations A total 17 observational included (

Language: Английский

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Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 424 - 455

Published: March 21, 2022

Objectives The therapeutic use of nutrient-based 'nutraceuticals' and plant-based 'phytoceuticals' for the treatment mental disorders is common; however, despite recent research progress, there have not been any updated global clinical guidelines since 2015. To address this, World Federation Societies Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Canadian Network Mood Anxiety Disorders (CANMAT) convened an international taskforce involving 31 leading academics clinicians from 15 countries, between 2019 2021. These are aimed at providing a definitive evidence-informed approach to assist in making decisions around such agents major psychiatric disorders. We also provide detail on safety tolerability, advice regarding prescription (e.g. indications, dosage), addition consideration specialised populations.Methods methodology was based WFSBP development process. Evidence assessed grading evidence (and modified focus Grade A level – meta-analysis or two more RCTs due breadth data available across all nutraceuticals phytoceuticals disorders). both 'level evidence' (LoE) (i.e. meta-analyses RCTs) assessment direction evidence, determine whether intervention 'Recommended' (+++), 'Provisionally Recommended' (++), 'Weakly (+), 'Not Currently (+/−), (−) particular condition. Due number trials now field, we firstly examined our meta-reviews (nutraceuticals conducted 2019, 2020). then performed search additional relevant reported these as primary drivers supporting recommendations. Lower levels including isolated RCTs, open label studies, case preclinical research, interventions with only traditional anecdotal use, were assessed.Results Amongst positive directionality varying support (recommended, provisionally recommended, weakly recommended) found adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids vitamin D probiotics zinc methylfolate s-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) (+) unipolar depression. Monotherapy folic acid (−), C tryptophan creatine inositol magnesium n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (+/−) SAMe supported this use. In bipolar disorder, had weak depression while NAC currently recommended (+/−). OCD-related disorders; no other nutraceutical sufficient anxiety-related disorder. Vitamin (++) degrees negative symptoms schizophrenia, not, although suggests role prevention transition psychosis high-risk youth, potential pre-existing deficiency. Micronutrients ADHD, omega-9 acetyl L carnitine supported. Phytoceuticals included St John's wort saffron curcumin lavender depression, rhodiola mood Ashwagandha galphimia modestly anxiety disorders, kava chamomile generalised Ginkgo schizophrenia but ADHD With respect deemed acceptable tolerability low-risk over-the-counter most circumstances. Quality standardisation raised by key limiting issue firmer confidence agents. Finally, noted that be primarily (where supportive exists) adjunctively within standard medical/health professional care model, especially cases severe illness. Some reviewed contained heterogenous studies poor methodology. Isolated series included, it recognised absence does imply lack efficacy.Conclusions Based current clinician input, range given either recommendation provisional various However several endorsement use; few possible reach clear direction, largely mixed study findings; some showed obvious benefit clearly It intention inform psychiatric/medical, health practice globally.

Language: Английский

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The Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome-Immune System-Brain Axis and Major Depressive Disorder

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 28, 2021

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prominent cause of disability worldwide. Current antidepressant drugs produce full remission in only about one-third MDD patients and there are no biomarkers to guide physicians selecting the best treatment for individuals. There an urgency learn more etiology identify new targets that will lead improved therapy hopefully aid predicting preventing MDD. has been extensive interest roles immune system gut microbiome how these systems interact. Gut microbes can contribute nature responses, chronic inflammatory state may increased responsiveness stress development The microbiome-immune system-brain axis bidirectional, sensitive important stress-related disorders such as Communication between brain involves enteric nervous (ENS), autonomic (ANS), neuroendocrine signaling system, all interact with microbiota. Preclinical studies preliminary clinical investigations have reported mood administration probiotics prebiotics, but large, carefully controlled trials now necessary evaluate their effectiveness treating several microbe-derived molecules neurotransmitters, short chain fatty acids tryptophan play reviewed briefly. Challenges potential future directions associated studying this it relates discussed.

Language: Английский

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