Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: March 5, 2022
The
implication
of
gut
microbiota
in
the
control
brain
functions
health
and
disease
is
a
novel,
currently
emerging
concept.
Accumulating
data
suggest
that
exert
its
action
at
least
part
by
modulating
neuroinflammation.
Given
link
between
neuroinflammatory
changes
neuronal
activity,
it
plausible
may
affect
indirectly
impacting
microglia,
key
player
Indeed,
increasing
evidence
suggests
interplay
microglia
synaptic
dysfunction
involve
microbiota,
among
other
factors.
In
addition
to
these
indirect
microglia-dependent
actions
on
has
been
recently
recognized
could
also
activity
directly
stimulation
vagus
nerve.
Nature Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(11), P. 1367 - 1382
Published: Oct. 21, 2021
Abstract
Breastfeeding
profoundly
shapes
the
infant
gut
microbiota,
which
is
critical
for
early
life
immune
development,
and
microbiota
can
impact
host
physiology
in
various
ways,
such
as
through
production
of
metabolites.
However,
few
breastmilk-dependent
microbial
metabolites
mediating
host–microbiota
interactions
are
currently
known.
Here,
we
demonstrate
that
breastmilk-promoted
Bifidobacterium
species
convert
aromatic
amino
acids
(tryptophan,
phenylalanine
tyrosine)
into
their
respective
lactic
(indolelactic
acid,
phenyllactic
acid
4-hydroxyphenyllactic
acid)
via
a
previously
unrecognized
lactate
dehydrogenase
(ALDH).
The
ability
to
derivatives
was
confirmed
using
monocolonized
mice.
Longitudinal
profiling
faecal
composition
metabolome
Danish
infants
(
n
=
25),
from
birth
until
6
months
age,
showed
concentrations
correlated
positively
with
abundance
human
milk
oligosaccharide-degrading
containing
ALDH,
including
longum
,
B.
breve
bifidum
.
We
further
-derived
indolelactic
associated
capacity
these
samples
activate
vitro
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AhR),
important
controlling
intestinal
homoeostasis
responses.
Finally,
show
modulates
ex
vivo
responses
CD4
+
T
cells
monocytes
dose-dependent
manner
by
acting
an
agonist
both
AhR
hydroxycarboxylic
3
(HCA
).
Our
findings
reveal
produce
suggest
may
function
life.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
35(1)
Published: Jan. 5, 2022
The
human
body
is
full
of
an
extensive
number
commensal
microbes,
consisting
bacteria,
viruses,
and
fungi,
collectively
termed
the
microbiome.
initial
acquisition
microbiota
occurs
from
both
external
maternal
environments,
vast
majority
them
colonize
gastrointestinal
tract
(GIT).
These
microbial
communities
play
a
central
role
in
maturation
development
immune
system,
nervous
GIT
system
are
also
responsible
for
essential
metabolic
pathways.
Various
factors,
including
host
genetic
predisposition,
environmental
lifestyle,
diet,
antibiotic
or
nonantibiotic
drug
use,
etc.,
affect
composition
gut
microbiota.
Recent
publications
have
highlighted
that
imbalance
microflora,
known
as
dysbiosis,
associated
with
onset
progression
neurological
disorders.
Moreover,
characterization
microbiome-host
cross
talk
pathways
provides
insight
into
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Novel
preclinical
clinical
research
on
interventions
related
to
microbiome
treating
conditions,
autism
spectrum
disorders,
Parkinson's
disease,
schizophrenia,
multiple
sclerosis,
Alzheimer's
epilepsy,
stroke,
hold
significant
promise.
This
review
aims
present
comprehensive
overview
potential
involvement
pathogenesis
particular
emphasis
microbe-based
therapies
and/or
diagnostic
biomarkers.
discusses
health
benefits
administration
probiotics,
prebiotics,
postbiotics,
synbiotics
fecal
transplantation
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(6), P. 2973 - 2973
Published: March 15, 2021
Tryptophan
is
an
essential
amino
acid
critical
for
protein
synthesis
in
humans
that
has
emerged
as
a
key
player
the
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
It
only
precursor
neurotransmitter
serotonin,
which
vital
processing
of
emotional
regulation,
hunger,
sleep,
and
pain,
well
colonic
motility
secretory
activity
gut.
catabolites
from
kynurenine
degradation
pathway
also
modulate
neural
are
active
systemic
inflammatory
cascade.
Additionally,
tryptophan
its
metabolites
support
development
central
enteric
nervous
systems.
Accordingly,
dysregulation
plays
role
pathogenesis
many
neurologic
psychiatric
disorders.
Gut
microbes
influence
metabolism
directly
indirectly,
with
corresponding
changes
behavior
cognition.
The
gut
microbiome
thus
garnered
much
attention
therapeutic
target
both
disorders
where
play
prominent
role.
In
this
review,
we
will
touch
upon
some
these
features
their
involvement
health
disease.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Oct. 30, 2019
Inflammation
aims
to
restore
tissue
homeostasis
after
injury
or
infection.
Age-related
decline
of
causes
a
physiological
low-grade
chronic
inflammatory
phenotype
known
as
inflammaging
that
is
involved
in
many
age-related
diseases.
Activation
tryptophan
(Trp)
metabolism
along
the
kynurenine
(Kyn)
pathway
prevents
hyperinflammation
and
induces
long-term
immune
tolerance.
Systemic
Trp
Kyn
levels
change
upon
aging
Moreover,
modulation
can
either
aggravate
prevent
inflammaging-related
In
this
review,
we
discuss
how
Kyn/Trp
activation
necessary
control
alters
functioning
other
metabolic
faiths
including
metabolites,
microbiota-derived
indoles
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD+).
We
explore
potential
ratio
biomarker
intervening
might
extend
health-
lifespan.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
86(13)
Published: April 24, 2020
The
microbiota
plays
a
vital
role
in
maintaining
gut
health
and
influences
the
overall
performance
of
chickens.
Most
microbiota-related
studies
have
been
performed
broilers,
which
different
microbial
communities
compared
to
those
layers.
normal
laying
chickens
is
dominated
by
Proteobacteria
,
Firmicutes
Bacteroidetes
Fusobacteria
Actinobacteria
at
phylum
level.
composition
changes
with
chicken
age,
genotype,
production
system.
Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 1106 - 1106
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Gut
microbiota,
a
collection
of
microorganisms
that
live
within
gastrointestinal
tract,
provides
crucial
signaling
metabolites
for
the
physiological
hosts.
In
healthy
state,
gut
microbiota
are
helpful
maintaining
basic
functions
hosts,
whereas
disturbed
production
these
can
lead
to
numerous
diseases
such
as
metabolic
diseases,
cardiovascular
neurodegenerative
and
cancer.
Although
there
many
reviews
about
specific
mechanisms
on
is
no
comprehensive
summarization
metabolites.
this
Opinion,
we
discuss
knowledge
including
types
their
ways
acting
targets.
addition,
summarize
pathologic
in
health
shaping
composition
nutrition.
This
paper
be
understanding
roles
thus
provide
guidance
developing
suitable
therapeutic
strategies
combat
microbial-driven
improve
health.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 792 - 792
Published: March 17, 2020
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
public
health
problem
and
has
prevalence
of
0.6%-1.7%
in
children.
As
well
as
psychiatric
symptoms,
dysbiosis
gastrointestinal
comorbidities
are
also
frequently
reported.
The
gut-brain
microbiota
axis
suggests
that
there
form
communication
between
the
brain
underlying
some
neurological
disabilities.
aim
this
study
to
describe
compare
composition
gut
children
with
without
ASD.Electronic
databases
were
searched
far
February
2020.
Meta-analyses
performed
using
RevMan5.3
estimate
overall
relative
abundance
bacteria
belonging
8
phyla
17
genera
ASD
controls.We
included
18
studies
assessing
total
493
404
controls.
was
mainly
composed
Bacteroidetes,
Firmicutes,
Actinobacteria,
all
which
more
abundant
than
Children
showed
significantly
higher
Bacteroides,
Parabacteroides,
Clostridium,
Faecalibacterium,
Phascolarctobacterium
lower
percentage
Coprococcus
Bifidobacterium.This
meta-analysis
may
influence
development
severity
symptomatology.
Further
required
order
obtain
stronger
evidence
effectiveness
pre-
or
probiotics
reducing
autistic
behaviors.
