Connection of social anxiety to impaired pattern of cognitive control and underlying motivational deficiencies: Evidence from event‐related potentials DOI
Ruonan Zhao,

Cai Xu,

Guangyuan Shi

et al.

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(9)

Published: May 1, 2024

Numerous studies have established a correlation between social anxiety and poor cognitive control. However, little is known about the control pattern of individuals with high (HSAs) underlying mechanisms. Based on Dual Mechanisms Control framework Expected Value theory, this study explored whether HSAs an impaired (Experiment 1) motivational deficiencies underlie 2). In Experiment 1, 21 low (LSAs) completed AX-Continuous Performance Task. Results showed that had smaller P3b amplitude than LSAs, indicating their weakened proactive in cue processing stage, but larger contingent negative variation (CNV) B as compensation for effects response preparation stage. No group difference was found N2 P3a probes, suggesting reactive not affected compared to LSAs. 2, LSAs cued-flanker task, where likelihood engagement manipulated. The results revealed exhibited motivation engaging control, evidenced by P3b, CNV amplitude, times. These findings shed light suggest may be crucial factor.

Language: Английский

Impulsive and risky decision-making in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The need for a developmental perspective DOI Creative Commons
Tycho J. Dekkers, Erik de Water, Anouk Scheres

et al.

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 330 - 336

Published: Nov. 26, 2021

Impulsive and risky decision-making peaks in adolescence, is consistently associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), regardless of age. In this brief review, we demonstrate similarity theoretical models explaining impulsive that originate two relatively distinct literatures (i.e., on adolescence ADHD). We summarize research thus far conclude presence ADHD during further exacerbates tendency already present adolescents to make decisions. also much still unknown about developmental trajectories individuals regard decision making, therefore provide several hypotheses warrant longitudinal research.

Language: Английский

Citations

52
Social influence in adolescence as a double-edged sword DOI Creative Commons
Lucas Molleman, Simon Ciranka, Wouter van den Bos

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1977)

Published: June 29, 2022

Social learning is fundamental to human development, helping individuals adapt changing circumstances and cooperate in groups. During the formative years of adolescence, social environment shapes people's socio-cognitive skills needed adulthood. Although peer influence among adolescents traditionally associated with risky unruly conduct, long-term negative effects on educational, economic health outcomes, recent findings suggest that peers may also have a positive impact. Here, we present series experiments 10-20-year-olds (

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Confirmatory reinforcement learning changes with age during adolescence DOI Creative Commons
Gabriele Chierchia, Magdaléna Soukupová, Emma J. Kilford

et al.

Developmental Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(3)

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

Abstract Understanding how learning changes during human development has been one of the long‐standing objectives developmental science. Recently, advances in computational biology have demonstrated that humans display a bias when to navigate novel environments through rewards and punishments: they learn more from outcomes confirm their expectations than disconfirm them. Here, we ask whether confirmatory is stable across development, or it might be attenuated stages which exploration beneficial, such as adolescence. In reinforcement (RL) task, 77 participants aged 11–32 years (four men, mean age = 16.26) attempted maximize monetary by repeatedly sampling different pairs options, varied reward/punishment probabilities. Mixed‐effect models showed an age‐related increase accuracy long contingencies remained trials, but less so reversed halfway trials. Age was also associated with greater tendency stay option had just delivered reward, switch away punishment. At level, confirmation model provided increasingly better fit age. This differences are captured decreases noise exploration, rather magnitude bias. These findings provide new insights into could help tailor people ages. Research Highlights Reinforcement shows improvement adolescence, compared volatile environments. People tend after win shift loss, this asymmetry increases Computationally, these developing style, choices. Age‐related explained stochasticity,

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Sensitivity and specificity in affective and social learning in adolescence DOI Creative Commons
Emily Towner, Gabriele Chierchia, Sarah‐Jayne Blakemore

et al.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 642 - 655

Published: May 16, 2023

Adolescence is a period of heightened affective and social sensitivity. In this review we address how increased sensitivity influences associative learning. Based on recent evidence from human rodent studies, as well advances in computational biology, suggest that, compared to other age groups, adolescents show features Pavlovian learning but tend perform worse than adults at instrumental Because does not involve decision-making, whereas does, propose that these developmental differences might be due rewards threats adolescence, coupled with lower specificity responding. We discuss the implications findings for adolescent mental health education.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Revisiting adolescence as a sensitive period for sociocultural processing DOI
Theresa W Cheng, Kathryn L. Mills, Jennifer H. Pfeifer

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 105820 - 105820

Published: July 18, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Risks and rewards in adolescent decision-making DOI
Anna C. K. van Duijvenvoorde, Jorien van Hoorn, Neeltje E. Blankenstein

et al.

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 101457 - 101457

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Social learning across adolescence: A Bayesian neurocognitive perspective DOI
Lieke Hofmans, Wouter van den Bos

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58, P. 101151 - 101151

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Diminished reinforcement sensitivity in adolescence is associated with enhanced response switching and reduced coding of choice probability in the medial frontal pole DOI Creative Commons
Maria Waltmann, Nadine Herzog,

Andrea Reiter

et al.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 101226 - 101226

Published: March 7, 2023

Precisely charting the maturation of core neurocognitive functions such as reinforcement learning (RL) and flexible adaptation to changing action-outcome contingencies is key for developmental neuroscience adjacent fields like psychiatry. However, research in this area both sparse conflicted, especially regarding potentially asymmetric development different motives (obtain wins vs avoid losses) from valenced feedback (positive negative). In current study, we investigated RL adolescence adulthood, using a probabilistic reversal task modified experimentally separate motivational context valence, sample 95 healthy participants between 12 45. We show that characterized by enhanced novelty seeking response shifting after negative feedback, which leads poorer returns when reward are stable. Computationally, accounted reduced impact positive on behavior. also show, fMRI, activity medial frontopolar cortex reflecting choice probability attenuated adolescence. argue can be interpreted diminished confidence upcoming choices. Interestingly, find no age-related differences win loss contexts.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
A cognitive-computational account of mood swings in adolescence DOI Creative Commons

Klára Gregorová,

Eran Eldar, Lorenz Deserno

et al.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 290 - 303

Published: March 18, 2024

Teenagers have a reputation for being fickle, in both their choices and moods. This variability may help adolescents as they begin to independently navigate novel environments. Recently, however, adolescent moodiness has also been linked psychopathology. Here, we consider adolescents' mood swings from computational perspective, grounded reinforcement learning (RL). model proposes that is determined by surprises about outcomes the environment, how much learn these surprises. It additionally suggests biases choice bidirectional manner. Integrating independent lines of research, sketch cognitive-computational account mood, learning, dynamics influence each other, with implications normative psychopathological development.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
What Makes Us Social? DOI Creative Commons
Chris Frith, Uta Frith

The MIT Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 29, 2023

A deep dive into the social mind-brain, examining processes we share with other animals and illuminating those that are uniquely human. What Makes Us Social? is a scholarly but accessible exploration of underlying make humans most species on planet. Chris Uta Frith, pioneers in field cognitive neuroscience, review many forms behavior examine special form only possess, including its dark side. These human abilities allow us to reflect our these reflections people, which turn enables reason why do things exert some control over automatic behaviors. As result, can learn cooperatively others create value cultural artifacts survive through generations. Going beyond how come know ourselves understand minds others, Frith investigate adapt mutually interactions work. This book stands out application computational framework—one lies at intersection psychology artificial intelligence—to key concepts cognition, such as empathy, trust, group identity, reputation management. Ultimately, profound examination ways communicate, cooperate, share, compete capabilities define species.

Language: Английский

Citations

13