Divergent SARS-CoV-2 variant emerges in white-tailed deer with deer-to-human transmission

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 2011 - 2024

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Wildlife reservoirs of broad-host-range viruses have the potential to enable evolution viral variants that can emerge infect humans. In North America, there is phylogenomic evidence continual transmission severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) through unknown means, but no We carried out an observational surveillance study in Ontario, Canada during November and December 2021 (n = 300 deer) identified a highly divergent lineage SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.641). This one most lineages so far, with 76 mutations (including 37 previously associated non-human mammalian hosts). From set five complete two partial deer-derived genomes we applied phylogenomic, recombination, selection mutation spectrum analyses, which provided for shared ancestry mink-derived virus. Our analysis also revealed epidemiologically linked human infection. Taken together, our findings provide sustained deer-to-human transmission.

Language: Английский

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals and potential host adaptation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 27, 2022

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, can infect a wide range mammals. Since its spread in humans, secondary host jumps SARS-CoV-2 from humans to multiple domestic and wild populations mammals have been documented. Understanding extent adaptation these animal hosts is critical for assessing threat that spillback animal-adapted into poses. We compare genomic landscapes isolated species profiling mutational biases indicative potentially different selective pressures animals. focus on viral genomes mink ( Neovison vison ) white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus which independent outbreaks driven by onward animal-to-animal transmission reported. identify five candidate mutations animal-specific (NSP9_G37E, Spike_F486L, Spike_N501T, Spike_Y453F, ORF3a_L219V), one (NSP3a_L1035F), though they appear confer minimal advantage human-to-human transmission. No considerable changes mutation rate or evolutionary trajectory has resulted circulation thus far. Our findings suggest was required following human-to-animal spillover, highlighting ‘generalist’ nature as mammalian pathogen.

Language: Английский

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 10, 2023

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) poses unique public health risk due the potential for reservoir establishment where variants may persist evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples across Washington, D.C. 26 states in United States November 2021 April 2022. obtained 391 sequences identified 34 Pango lineages including Alpha, Gamma, Delta, Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these viruses originated at least 109 independent spillovers humans, which resulted 39 cases subsequent local deer-to-deer three spillover back humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted recurring amino acid substitutions spike other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple were introduced, became enzootic, co-circulated deer.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary drivers and correlates of viral host jumps

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 960 - 971

Published: March 25, 2024

Most emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases stem from viruses that naturally circulate in non-human vertebrates. When these cross over into humans, they can cause disease outbreaks, epidemics pandemics. While zoonotic host jumps have been extensively studied an ecological perspective, little attention has gone characterizing the evolutionary drivers correlates underlying events. To address this gap, we harnessed entirety of publicly available viral genomic data, employing a comprehensive suite network phylogenetic analyses to investigate mechanisms underpinning recent jumps. Surprisingly, find humans are as much source sink for spillover events, insofar infer more other animals than humans. Moreover, demonstrate heightened evolution lineages involve putative We further observe extent adaptation associated with jump is lower broader ranges. Finally, show targets natural selection vary across different families, either structural or auxiliary genes being prime selection. Collectively, our results illuminate some may contribute mitigating threats species boundaries.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics and other emerging contaminants in the environment after COVID-19 pandemic: The need of global reconnaissance studies

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33, P. 100468 - 100468

Published: April 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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WHO keeps covid-19 a public health emergency of international concern

BMJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. p504 - p504

Published: March 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Role of Spillover and Spillback in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and the Importance of One Health in Understanding the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(7)

Published: April 26, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is notable both for its impact on global public health as well well-publicized transmissibility to other species of animals. Infection incidental animal hosts concerning because possible emergence novel variants due viral mutation. Species that are susceptible SARS-CoV-2 include domestic and nondomestic cats, dogs, white-tailed deer, mink, golden hamsters, among others. We detail origins transmission humans, the ecological molecular mechanisms needed virus establish infection in humans from highlight examples spillover, spillback, secondary demonstrating breadth variability current events have been documented domestic, captive, wild Lastly, we turn our focus importance potential reservoirs sources variant can profound effects human population. note a One Health approach emphasizing surveillance animals certain environments using interdisciplinary collaboration encouraged manage disease surveillance, regulation trade testing, vaccine development will mitigate further outbreaks. These efforts minimize spread advance knowledge prevent future emerging infectious diseases.

Language: Английский

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Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Pervasive SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans have led to multiple transmission events animals. While has a potential broad wildlife host range, most documented been captive animals and single species, the white-tailed deer. The full extent of exposure among communities factors that influence risk remain unknown. We sampled 23 species for examined effects urbanization human use on seropositivity. Here, we document positive detections RNA six including deer mouse, Virginia opossum, raccoon, groundhog, Eastern cottontail, red bat between May 2022-September 2023 across Washington, D.C., USA. In addition, found sites with high activity had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. obtained genomic sequences from nine individuals which were assigned seven Pango lineages Omicron variant. close match variants circulating at time suggests least recent human-to-animal events. Our data support widespread areas may serve as points contact cross-species transmission.

Language: Английский

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Zoonosis and zooanthroponosis of emerging respiratory viruses

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Lung infections in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) are triggered by a variety of respiratory viruses. All human pandemics have been caused the members two major virus families, namely Orthomyxoviridae (influenza A viruses (IAVs); subtypes H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2) Coronaviridae (severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS−CoV−2). These acquired some adaptive changes known intermediate host including domestic birds (IAVs) or unknown (SARS-CoV-2) following transmission from their natural reservoirs (e.g. migratory bats, respectively). Verily, these substitutions facilitated crossing species barriers to infect humans phenomenon that is as zoonosis. Besides, aided variant strain transmit horizontally other contact non-human animal pets wild animals (zooanthroponosis). Herein we discuss main zoonotic reverse-zoonosis events occurred during last influenza A/H1N1 SARS-CoV-2. We also highlight impact interspecies pandemic on evolution possible prophylactic therapeutic interventions. Based information available presented this review article, it important close monitoring viral zoonosis reverse strains within One-Health One-World approach mitigate unforeseen risks, such resistance limited

Language: Английский

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